Aldona Garbacz-Klempka
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 76510 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Aldona Garbacz-Klempka |
| PRENOMES | Aldona |
| SOBRENOME | Garbacz-Klempka |
| ASSINATURA | GARBACZ-KLEMPKA A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | AGH University of Krakow |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8417-6131 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Investigating the Provenance and Manufacturing Technology of Medieval Mace Heads from Poland
A mace is a butt weapon that is composed of a metal head that is mounted on a wooden haft. The paper deals with the origins of medieval mace heads that were discovered in Polish lands; these have been a subject of debate since they were first discovered there. In previous research, only form and decoration were used to determine the provenance of these artefacts. A technological analysis (ED-XRF, SEM) and provenance analysis of the raw material u…
A Late Bronze Age hoard from Elgiszewo reflects the complex interplay between bronzesmithing, metal hoarding and local identity
In 2014, a multi-type hoard of bronze metalwork was unearthed as a result of illegal metal detection on the peaty lakeshore in the village of Elgiszewo, north-central Poland. The hoard contains horse gear items, body and dress ornaments and other metal objects dating back to the Late Bronze Age, accompanied by casting mould and a Kannelurenstein that could have once formed part of a metalworker’s toolkit. This article presents and discusses the r…
Contents of deposits from the archaeological site of Sobolów in Bochnia—A contribution to prehistoric foundry activity
In the Sobolów area, three hoards of the Hallstatt period were discovered, containing ornaments, waste and scrap of tin–lead–bronze alloy, with iron objects in close proximity, possibly indicating the existence of a foundry workshop. They were accompanied by glass beads, an indicator of the settlement of the Lusatian EB‐Ha Culture, found together with amber beads, and fragments of composite bracelets made of narrow ‘scapes’ tightly clamped on a w…
The first isotopic evidence of Early Iron Age lead ore exploitation in the Silesian‐Krakow upland, Poland
The Bronze and Early Iron Ages witnessed a significant increase in trade relations driven by the search for valuable metals. This paper presents new insights into the use of galena from the Silesia and Krakow Upland region in southern Poland, known as the ‘Olkusz ore deposits’, within the context of metal ores in prehistoric Europe. Eleven lead‐based ornaments from Lusatian Urnfield Culture cemeteries were examined using lead isotope analysis. Th…
Tracking Bronze Age ‘itinerant smiths’ in western Poland
The neodymium (Nd) isotope composition of stone casting moulds found in graves of Bronze Age ‘itinerant smiths’ in western Poland was analysed to determine the provenance of their raw materials. For the first time in archaeological research, the Nd model age (T DM )—a highly useful parameter in studying the provenance of geological materials—has been applied. Nd data revealed that the material for making casting moulds came from the Sudetes. Addi…
Manufactured, wrapped and deposited
Naszyjnik ludności kultury łużyckiej z Lulkowa, stan. 12, pow. toruński
W artykule zaprezentowano zdobiony naszyjnik, przypadkowo zna- leziony w Lulkowie koło Torunia. Artefakt został odlany w technice wytapianych modeli i jest łączony z wytwórczością ludności kultury łużyckiej końca epoki brązu i początku epoki żelaza. Pod względem surowcowym należy do okazów wykonanych z brązów cynowo-ołowiowych. Negatywy ornamentu naszyjnika wykonano już na etapie przygotowania masy formierskiej, po czym – po usunięciu formy – zdo…
A metal hoard from Susz provides new evidence for the use of bast cordage during the Lusatian period in Poland
Bast cordage production and use during the Lusatian period in Poland. • The use of bast cordage as dress accessories in the North European Bronze Age. • Co-deposition of textiles and metal objects in the south Baltic region. Archaeological textiles and cordage from the 1st millennium BCE in Poland are relatively scarce. The majority of the available evidence has been preserved in a mineralised state or as imprints in association with metal and cl…
W sprawie metalowej części pasa z główką byka z Burkatu pod Działdowem
Z obszaru dorzeczy Odry i Wisły pochodzi niewielka liczba dewo- cjonaliów starożytnych. Za jedno z nich dotychczas uważano znalezioną jeszcze w okresie międzywojennym zawieszkę brązową ze starannie wymodelowaną i szczegółowo wycyzelowaną główką byka odkrytą luźno w Burkacie pod Dział- dowem. Ostatnio na analogiczny przedmiot natrafiono w ziemi ornej w Solcu Kujawskim. Badanie specjalistyczne z zastosowaniem spektrometrii rentgenow- skiej wykazało…
Wind from the South? Mace head from Surowica in the light of formal and metallurgical analysis
A mace head with a socket was incidentally discovered in 2020 in the locality of Surowica in the Podkarpackien Voivodeship. On the basis of analogies, it can be dated to the 14th century. These analogies also indicated that the artefact was in all probability manufactured in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. Metallurgical analyses demonstrated that the mace head was cast of copper with natural admixtures by using the lost wax method. Regre…
Lead isotopic compositions link copper axes from Kietrz (Poland, 3500–3350 BC) to Slovak and Balkan copper mines
Chemical and lead isotope analyses aided by metallographic examination of copper axes found at the Late Neolithic settlement of Kietrz in southwestern Poland provide new evidence for the origin of copper and metal trade routes in the region. Our results indicate that metal used for the axes could be sourced from copper mines in modern Slovakia, Bulgaria and perhaps Serbia. The evidence from this study confirms that the Funnel Beaker people from P…
How were medieval mace heads cast? Side note to technological analyses of find from Niebieszczany in south-eastern Poland
The Sacred Lake Project
In 2023, prospection of a dried-out lake near Papowo Biskupie in north-central Poland identified substantial deposits of bronze artefacts. Excavation revealed further deposits and dozens of human skeletons that date from 1000-400 BC, suggesting that the site held particular significance as a place for sacrificial offerings in the Lusatian culture
Titelseiten
The earliest traces of metallurgy in Greater Poland
During rescue excavations at Site 1 in Kotowo in 1958, a ceramic tube was discovered in a feature of the Funnel Beaker culture. Currently, XRF analysis suggests that it is a ceramic tuyère associated with copper processing. The feature, radiocarbon dated to 3911–3714 BC (68.3% probability), most likely housed a metalworking workshop. The artefact from Kotowo has several analogues in the Polish lands, mainly from sites of the Lengyel-Polgár cultur…
Dwie bransolety ze starszego okresu epoki brązu z kujawskiej części Torunia i Brudzynia na Pałukach w świetle badań archeologicznych i archeometalurgicznych
W artykule zaprezentowano dwie luźno znalezione bransolety metalowe, obie łączone z fazą wytwórczości starszego okresu epoki brązu. Artefakt z Torunia, mimo, że znajduje analogie w wytwórczości kultury mogiłowej, to jednak został znaleziony w przestrzeni środowiska osadniczego kultury trzcinieckiej, w którym tego rodzaju ozdoby południowo-zachodniej proweniencji notowane są sporadycznie. Z kolei wyrób z Brudzynia, znaleziony w strefie zazębiające…
Traces of a “new” Metalcraft Specialisation
This paper will discuss the results of material science analyses of artefacts from grave no. 89 in Karzec, Central Poland, that were discovered in 1959. The obtained results will be interpreted in the context of the possibility of a ‘new’ specialisation within the metallurgical workshop of the Lusatian people of the Late Bronze Age – a mouldmaker/moulder. In many terms, the grave at Karzec is a unique object for the study of Bronze Age metallurgy…
A Final Bronze Age hoard from Cierpice, Poland
Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organische…
Analizy metaloznawcze wybranych przedmiotów brązowych i ołowianych z cmentarzyska w Świbiu / Metallographic analyses of selected bronze and lead artefacts from the cemetery at Świbie
A comprehensive programme of archaeometric research into the chemical composition and manufacturing technology of Early Iron Age artefacts discovered in Świbie, Upper Silesia, has yielded a number of detailed observations and findings. Sixty-six artefacts from a collection of several hundred large bronzes were targeted for study. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with micro-area composition analysi…
Fire walk with me
In 2009, an exceptional discovery was made in west-central Poland. At the Late Bronze Age necropolis in Wartosław, tools used in metalworking were unearthed from a mass grave belonging to the Lusatian people that can be dated to 1100–900 BCE. Twelve out of over 70 ceramic vessels from the burial pit were identified as urns that contained the ashes of at least eight deceased individuals, including two adult men, one young woman, one unspecified ad…
A newly discovered fragment of a Hunnic cauldron from site 59-60, Sanok, Poland
The article presents a newly discovered fragment of the Hunnic cauldron, unearthed during investment research conducted at site 59-60 in Sanok, Sanok County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship. As a result of conducted excavations, an extensive settlement from the Late Roman Period and the Early Migration Period were discovered. The fragment of the cauldron in one of the most important discoveries from here. Up to date just over 20 specimens of cauldrons o…
Archaeometric analysis of two decorated bone pins from Poland reveals Early Bronze Age combination of crafts
Metalworking bricoleurs
At the beginning of 750 BC, the Urnfield world-system was about to collapse, bringing about many serious cultural changes in the region of Central Europe along with the atomization of local Lusatian communities from the territory that is today northern Poland. It was a time of growing social and political competition between the Lusatian power elites, which took different forms, including more or less open struggle for influence in the metal trad…
Towards direct casting
This study reports the results of archaeometallurgical investigations performed on a complete two-part bronze casting mould discovered in the village of Elgiszewo (north Poland). The mould was part of the so-called Lusatian founder’s hoard deposited on the southern borders of the Chełmno group territory between 900 and 700 BC. The investigations involved the employment of spectral (ED XRF, SEM-EDS, X-ray)and microscopic (SEM-EDS, OM) analyses. Th…
Nietypowy okaz w nietypowym miejscu
Back to the Eneolithic
For a long time, the Eneolithic attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments was contested by a wide academic audience, and therefore, this new and extraordinary category of the copper metalwork seemed to have fallen into scientific oblivion. In this paper, we contribute to the debate about cultural attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments considering their chemical and isotope characteristics (using ED XRF and MC-ICP-MS) an…
A Final Bronze Age hoard from Cierpice, Poland
Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organische…
Lead isotopic compositions link copper axes from Kietrz (Poland, 3500–3350 BC) to Slovak and Balkan copper mines
Chemical and lead isotope analyses aided by metallographic examination of copper axes found at the Late Neolithic settlement of Kietrz in southwestern Poland provide new evidence for the origin of copper and metal trade routes in the region. Our results indicate that metal used for the axes could be sourced from copper mines in modern Slovakia, Bulgaria and perhaps Serbia. The evidence from this study confirms that the Funnel Beaker people from P…
The earliest traces of metallurgy in Greater Poland
During rescue excavations at Site 1 in Kotowo in 1958, a ceramic tube was discovered in a feature of the Funnel Beaker culture. Currently, XRF analysis suggests that it is a ceramic tuyère associated with copper processing. The feature, radiocarbon dated to 3911–3714 BC (68.3% probability), most likely housed a metalworking workshop. The artefact from Kotowo has several analogues in the Polish lands, mainly from sites of the Lengyel-Polgár cultur…
The Sacred Lake Project
In 2023, prospection of a dried-out lake near Papowo Biskupie in north-central Poland identified substantial deposits of bronze artefacts. Excavation revealed further deposits and dozens of human skeletons that date from 1000-400 BC, suggesting that the site held particular significance as a place for sacrificial offerings in the Lusatian culture
Fire walk with me
In 2009, an exceptional discovery was made in west-central Poland. At the Late Bronze Age necropolis in Wartosław, tools used in metalworking were unearthed from a mass grave belonging to the Lusatian people that can be dated to 1100–900 BCE. Twelve out of over 70 ceramic vessels from the burial pit were identified as urns that contained the ashes of at least eight deceased individuals, including two adult men, one young woman, one unspecified ad…
A metal hoard from Susz provides new evidence for the use of bast cordage during the Lusatian period in Poland
Bast cordage production and use during the Lusatian period in Poland. • The use of bast cordage as dress accessories in the North European Bronze Age. • Co-deposition of textiles and metal objects in the south Baltic region. Archaeological textiles and cordage from the 1st millennium BCE in Poland are relatively scarce. The majority of the available evidence has been preserved in a mineralised state or as imprints in association with metal and cl…
How were medieval mace heads cast? Side note to technological analyses of find from Niebieszczany in south-eastern Poland
Traces of a “new” Metalcraft Specialisation
This paper will discuss the results of material science analyses of artefacts from grave no. 89 in Karzec, Central Poland, that were discovered in 1959. The obtained results will be interpreted in the context of the possibility of a ‘new’ specialisation within the metallurgical workshop of the Lusatian people of the Late Bronze Age – a mouldmaker/moulder. In many terms, the grave at Karzec is a unique object for the study of Bronze Age metallurgy…
Towards manufacturing technology
A Late Bronze Age hoard from Elgiszewo reflects the complex interplay between bronzesmithing, metal hoarding and local identity
In 2014, a multi-type hoard of bronze metalwork was unearthed as a result of illegal metal detection on the peaty lakeshore in the village of Elgiszewo, north-central Poland. The hoard contains horse gear items, body and dress ornaments and other metal objects dating back to the Late Bronze Age, accompanied by casting mould and a Kannelurenstein that could have once formed part of a metalworker’s toolkit. This article presents and discusses the r…
Contents of deposits from the archaeological site of Sobolów in Bochnia—A contribution to prehistoric foundry activity
In the Sobolów area, three hoards of the Hallstatt period were discovered, containing ornaments, waste and scrap of tin–lead–bronze alloy, with iron objects in close proximity, possibly indicating the existence of a foundry workshop. They were accompanied by glass beads, an indicator of the settlement of the Lusatian EB‐Ha Culture, found together with amber beads, and fragments of composite bracelets made of narrow ‘scapes’ tightly clamped on a w…
The first isotopic evidence of Early Iron Age lead ore exploitation in the Silesian‐Krakow upland, Poland
The Bronze and Early Iron Ages witnessed a significant increase in trade relations driven by the search for valuable metals. This paper presents new insights into the use of galena from the Silesia and Krakow Upland region in southern Poland, known as the ‘Olkusz ore deposits’, within the context of metal ores in prehistoric Europe. Eleven lead‐based ornaments from Lusatian Urnfield Culture cemeteries were examined using lead isotope analysis. Th…
Tracking Bronze Age ‘itinerant smiths’ in western Poland
The neodymium (Nd) isotope composition of stone casting moulds found in graves of Bronze Age ‘itinerant smiths’ in western Poland was analysed to determine the provenance of their raw materials. For the first time in archaeological research, the Nd model age (T DM )—a highly useful parameter in studying the provenance of geological materials—has been applied. Nd data revealed that the material for making casting moulds came from the Sudetes. Addi…
Metalworking bricoleurs
At the beginning of 750 BC, the Urnfield world-system was about to collapse, bringing about many serious cultural changes in the region of Central Europe along with the atomization of local Lusatian communities from the territory that is today northern Poland. It was a time of growing social and political competition between the Lusatian power elites, which took different forms, including more or less open struggle for influence in the metal trad…
The Wrocław–Szczytniki flanged axe from Koperniki
This work is a contribution to archaeometallurgical studies on the Únětice axes in Poland. The research was initiated by a single find of the Wrocław–Szczytniki flanged axe recovered from the village of Koperniki (Lower Silesia, Poland). The axe was examined in terms of raw–material profile (ED–XRF) as well as its micro-, and macrostructure (OM). The spatial distribution, deposition context, and raw–material profiles of the remaining Únětice axes…
Towards manufacturing technology
Towards direct casting
This study reports the results of archaeometallurgical investigations performed on a complete two-part bronze casting mould discovered in the village of Elgiszewo (north Poland). The mould was part of the so-called Lusatian founder’s hoard deposited on the southern borders of the Chełmno group territory between 900 and 700 BC. The investigations involved the employment of spectral (ED XRF, SEM-EDS, X-ray)and microscopic (SEM-EDS, OM) analyses. Th…
Nietypowy okaz w nietypowym miejscu
Back to the Eneolithic
For a long time, the Eneolithic attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments was contested by a wide academic audience, and therefore, this new and extraordinary category of the copper metalwork seemed to have fallen into scientific oblivion. In this paper, we contribute to the debate about cultural attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments considering their chemical and isotope characteristics (using ED XRF and MC-ICP-MS) an…
A newly discovered fragment of a Hunnic cauldron from site 59-60, Sanok, Poland
The article presents a newly discovered fragment of the Hunnic cauldron, unearthed during investment research conducted at site 59-60 in Sanok, Sanok County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship. As a result of conducted excavations, an extensive settlement from the Late Roman Period and the Early Migration Period were discovered. The fragment of the cauldron in one of the most important discoveries from here. Up to date just over 20 specimens of cauldrons o…
Archaeometric analysis of two decorated bone pins from Poland reveals Early Bronze Age combination of crafts
Metalworking bricoleurs
At the beginning of 750 BC, the Urnfield world-system was about to collapse, bringing about many serious cultural changes in the region of Central Europe along with the atomization of local Lusatian communities from the territory that is today northern Poland. It was a time of growing social and political competition between the Lusatian power elites, which took different forms, including more or less open struggle for influence in the metal trad…
Fire walk with me
In 2009, an exceptional discovery was made in west-central Poland. At the Late Bronze Age necropolis in Wartosław, tools used in metalworking were unearthed from a mass grave belonging to the Lusatian people that can be dated to 1100–900 BCE. Twelve out of over 70 ceramic vessels from the burial pit were identified as urns that contained the ashes of at least eight deceased individuals, including two adult men, one young woman, one unspecified ad…
Analizy metaloznawcze wybranych przedmiotów brązowych i ołowianych z cmentarzyska w Świbiu / Metallographic analyses of selected bronze and lead artefacts from the cemetery at Świbie
A comprehensive programme of archaeometric research into the chemical composition and manufacturing technology of Early Iron Age artefacts discovered in Świbie, Upper Silesia, has yielded a number of detailed observations and findings. Sixty-six artefacts from a collection of several hundred large bronzes were targeted for study. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with micro-area composition analysi…
Titelseiten
The earliest traces of metallurgy in Greater Poland
During rescue excavations at Site 1 in Kotowo in 1958, a ceramic tube was discovered in a feature of the Funnel Beaker culture. Currently, XRF analysis suggests that it is a ceramic tuyère associated with copper processing. The feature, radiocarbon dated to 3911–3714 BC (68.3% probability), most likely housed a metalworking workshop. The artefact from Kotowo has several analogues in the Polish lands, mainly from sites of the Lengyel-Polgár cultur…
Dwie bransolety ze starszego okresu epoki brązu z kujawskiej części Torunia i Brudzynia na Pałukach w świetle badań archeologicznych i archeometalurgicznych
W artykule zaprezentowano dwie luźno znalezione bransolety metalowe, obie łączone z fazą wytwórczości starszego okresu epoki brązu. Artefakt z Torunia, mimo, że znajduje analogie w wytwórczości kultury mogiłowej, to jednak został znaleziony w przestrzeni środowiska osadniczego kultury trzcinieckiej, w którym tego rodzaju ozdoby południowo-zachodniej proweniencji notowane są sporadycznie. Z kolei wyrób z Brudzynia, znaleziony w strefie zazębiające…
Traces of a “new” Metalcraft Specialisation
This paper will discuss the results of material science analyses of artefacts from grave no. 89 in Karzec, Central Poland, that were discovered in 1959. The obtained results will be interpreted in the context of the possibility of a ‘new’ specialisation within the metallurgical workshop of the Lusatian people of the Late Bronze Age – a mouldmaker/moulder. In many terms, the grave at Karzec is a unique object for the study of Bronze Age metallurgy…
A Final Bronze Age hoard from Cierpice, Poland
Im Herbst 2020 entdeckte eine Gruppe von Detektorgängern auf einer bewaldeten Düne in der Nähe des Dorfes Cierpice in Nordzentralpolen 150 Bronzefunde. Der Fund umfasst Backenstücke, Phalerae, Rassel- und Terretringe sowie Zügelmanschetten mit Drahtgliedern, die einst Teil eines Pferdezaumzeugs aus der Endbronzezeit waren. Die Zaumzeugteile wurden zusammen mit einem Tüllenbeil in Pflanzenfasern eingewickelt und dann sorgfältig in einen organische…
Naszyjnik ludności kultury łużyckiej z Lulkowa, stan. 12, pow. toruński
W artykule zaprezentowano zdobiony naszyjnik, przypadkowo zna- leziony w Lulkowie koło Torunia. Artefakt został odlany w technice wytapianych modeli i jest łączony z wytwórczością ludności kultury łużyckiej końca epoki brązu i początku epoki żelaza. Pod względem surowcowym należy do okazów wykonanych z brązów cynowo-ołowiowych. Negatywy ornamentu naszyjnika wykonano już na etapie przygotowania masy formierskiej, po czym – po usunięciu formy – zdo…
A metal hoard from Susz provides new evidence for the use of bast cordage during the Lusatian period in Poland
Bast cordage production and use during the Lusatian period in Poland. • The use of bast cordage as dress accessories in the North European Bronze Age. • Co-deposition of textiles and metal objects in the south Baltic region. Archaeological textiles and cordage from the 1st millennium BCE in Poland are relatively scarce. The majority of the available evidence has been preserved in a mineralised state or as imprints in association with metal and cl…
W sprawie metalowej części pasa z główką byka z Burkatu pod Działdowem
Z obszaru dorzeczy Odry i Wisły pochodzi niewielka liczba dewo- cjonaliów starożytnych. Za jedno z nich dotychczas uważano znalezioną jeszcze w okresie międzywojennym zawieszkę brązową ze starannie wymodelowaną i szczegółowo wycyzelowaną główką byka odkrytą luźno w Burkacie pod Dział- dowem. Ostatnio na analogiczny przedmiot natrafiono w ziemi ornej w Solcu Kujawskim. Badanie specjalistyczne z zastosowaniem spektrometrii rentgenow- skiej wykazało…
Wind from the South? Mace head from Surowica in the light of formal and metallurgical analysis
A mace head with a socket was incidentally discovered in 2020 in the locality of Surowica in the Podkarpackien Voivodeship. On the basis of analogies, it can be dated to the 14th century. These analogies also indicated that the artefact was in all probability manufactured in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. Metallurgical analyses demonstrated that the mace head was cast of copper with natural admixtures by using the lost wax method. Regre…
Lead isotopic compositions link copper axes from Kietrz (Poland, 3500–3350 BC) to Slovak and Balkan copper mines
Chemical and lead isotope analyses aided by metallographic examination of copper axes found at the Late Neolithic settlement of Kietrz in southwestern Poland provide new evidence for the origin of copper and metal trade routes in the region. Our results indicate that metal used for the axes could be sourced from copper mines in modern Slovakia, Bulgaria and perhaps Serbia. The evidence from this study confirms that the Funnel Beaker people from P…
How were medieval mace heads cast? Side note to technological analyses of find from Niebieszczany in south-eastern Poland
The Sacred Lake Project
In 2023, prospection of a dried-out lake near Papowo Biskupie in north-central Poland identified substantial deposits of bronze artefacts. Excavation revealed further deposits and dozens of human skeletons that date from 1000-400 BC, suggesting that the site held particular significance as a place for sacrificial offerings in the Lusatian culture
A Late Bronze Age hoard from Elgiszewo reflects the complex interplay between bronzesmithing, metal hoarding and local identity
In 2014, a multi-type hoard of bronze metalwork was unearthed as a result of illegal metal detection on the peaty lakeshore in the village of Elgiszewo, north-central Poland. The hoard contains horse gear items, body and dress ornaments and other metal objects dating back to the Late Bronze Age, accompanied by casting mould and a Kannelurenstein that could have once formed part of a metalworker’s toolkit. This article presents and discusses the r…
Contents of deposits from the archaeological site of Sobolów in Bochnia—A contribution to prehistoric foundry activity
In the Sobolów area, three hoards of the Hallstatt period were discovered, containing ornaments, waste and scrap of tin–lead–bronze alloy, with iron objects in close proximity, possibly indicating the existence of a foundry workshop. They were accompanied by glass beads, an indicator of the settlement of the Lusatian EB‐Ha Culture, found together with amber beads, and fragments of composite bracelets made of narrow ‘scapes’ tightly clamped on a w…
The first isotopic evidence of Early Iron Age lead ore exploitation in the Silesian‐Krakow upland, Poland
The Bronze and Early Iron Ages witnessed a significant increase in trade relations driven by the search for valuable metals. This paper presents new insights into the use of galena from the Silesia and Krakow Upland region in southern Poland, known as the ‘Olkusz ore deposits’, within the context of metal ores in prehistoric Europe. Eleven lead‐based ornaments from Lusatian Urnfield Culture cemeteries were examined using lead isotope analysis. Th…
Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (22 obras) · Archaeology (21 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Historical and Archaeological Studies (17 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (13 obras) · Geology (10 obras) · History (10 obras) · Bronze Age (9 obras) · Bronze (8 obras) · Metallurgy (8 obras)