R Chris Fraley
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 7708 |
|---|---|
| NOME | R Chris Fraley |
| PRENOMES | R Chris |
| SOBRENOME | Fraley |
| ASSINATURA | FRALEY R C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3437-0336 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 86 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 916 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 86 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1997 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 17 |
Attachment Orientations Predict the Likelihood of Choosing to be Childfree and the Reasons for Not Wanting Children
The current research sought to answer three questions regarding the decision to be childfree using a multi-national sample of over 18,000 people, over 2,000 of whom were childfree. First, we explored the diverse reasons people may have for deciding to be childfree and the rates at which those reasons are endorsed. Next, we investigated the association between attachment orientations and the decision to be childfree. Greater attachment avoidance t…
Adult Attachment Outcomes and the Timing of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompass a wide range of abuse, neglect, community violence, and household dysfunction occurring before the age of 18, and are related to multiple mental and behavioral health indicators in adulthood. ACEs research is frequently guided by a subtle, under-tested assumption: ACEs are assumed to be especially consequential because they happen during childhood. We sought to test this assumption with respect to ad…
The Association Between Using People for Attachment-Related Functions and Subjective Well-Being
According to attachment theory, attachment bonds are foundational for subjective well-being. But does that mean that having more attachment relationships is better than having fewer? The current research assessed this question in a cross-sectional study of 4,625 people. We found that the association between the number of targets used for attachment-related needs and well-being was essentially zero. However, exploratory analyses revealed that, amo…
The Long-Term Stability of Affective Bonds After Romantic Separation
What happens to attachment bonds when relationships end? One common assumption is that such bonds partly endure, such that former partners continue to fulfill attachment-related needs partially. Another perspective holds that former attachment bonds are relinquished such that there is eventually no residual tie. The present study ( N = 320) adjudicates between these alternatives. Results indicate that, for the average person, attachment bonds are…
Can we separate the character from the creator? An exploratory study on parasocial relationships
Genetic and environmental factors underlying the associations between attachment styles and mental and physical health
30), but little-to-no overlap among the environmental factors that contribute to attachment anxiety and physical health. Thus, the associations between attachment anxiety and physical health outcomes appear to be primarily attributable to a common or shared genetic liability. Attachment avoidance shared weak or near-zero associations with indicators of physical health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved)
Security priming in everyday life
Security priming refers to the idea that exposure to simple, attachment-relevant cues-such as photographs of loved ones-can enhance psychological security and related outcomes. While security priming effects have been robustly demonstrated in laboratory settings, there is growing interest in whether such techniques can be effectively applied in everyday contexts, with an eye toward scalable interventions. In the present research, we examined whet…
A prospective longitudinal study of the associations between childhood and adolescent interpersonal experiences and adult attachment orientations
Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1973, 1980, 1969/1982) suggests that early interpersonal experiences lay the foundation for the ways people think, feel, and behave in close relationships throughout life. The present study examined this fundamental assumption, analyzing longitudinal data collected from 705 participants and their families over 3 decades, from the time participants were infants until they were approximately 30 years old ( M age = 28.6, S…
Coordination of parent and adolescent attachment across time
Adolescence is a period of rapid social changes that may have important implications for the ways adolescents think, feel, and behave in their close relationships. According to family systems theory, adolescents' attachment-related changes have the potential to spread throughout their family system, leading to coordinated changes in parents' and adolescents' attachment styles over time. The present study analyzed data from 205 adolescents ( M age…
Life events sometimes alter the trajectory of personality development
OBJECTIVE: Personality changes across the life span. Life events, such as marriage, becoming a parent, and retirement, have been proposed as facilitating personality growth via the adoption of novel social roles. However, empirical evidence linking life events with personality development is sparse. Most studies have relied on few assessments separated by long time intervals and have focused on a single life event. In contrast, the content of lif…
Person-situation interactions as predictors of variations in attachment
Existing work on the contribution of life events and person characteristics to changes in attachment has mostly overlooked interactions between events and characteristics. Using 15 common events and ten personality characteristics in a multi-wave longitudinal study of 6,566 people, we examined whether person characteristics moderate the impact of life events on change in attachment. Although we found more interactions than were expected by chance…
Genetic and environmental contributions to adult attachment styles
Attachment theory, as originally outlined by Bowlby (1973, 1980, 1969/1982), suggests that the ways people think, feel, and behave in close relationships are shaped by the dynamic interplay between their genes and their social environment. Research on adult attachment, however, has largely focused on the latter, providing only a partial picture of how attachment styles emerge and develop throughout life. The present research leveraged data from t…
Testing the canalization hypothesis of attachment theory
5.31; median test-retest interval = 35 days). We modeled participants' within-person fluctuations in partner-specific security as a function of their romantic relationship length. Additionally, we examined whether attachment-related events (e.g., conflict with one's partner) predict greater within-person fluctuations in security among people involved in newer versus more established romantic relationships. Our results suggest that people in newer…
Dismissing Attachment and Global and Daily Indicators of Subjective Well-Being
The present research examined whether a dismissing attachment style (i.e., being high in attachment avoidance and low in attachment anxiety) is a risk factor for low subjective well-being (SWB). Specifically, we examined the associations between dismissing attachment and two indicators of SWB: global life satisfaction and daily affect. Self-reports of attachment and overall life satisfaction were collected from 257 adults at an initial lab sessio…
Validating the Experiences in Close Relationships–Relationship Structures Scale among Chinese Children and Adolescents
The Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS) scale is designed to capture attachment among diverse relational contexts (e.g., parents, friends). Although the ECR-RS has begun to be applied to children and adolescents, its psychometric properties among children and adolescents are not well-known, especially concerning second-order structural validity, measurement invariance, and longitudinal predictive validity. To fill …
Early maternal sensitivity and markers of physical health
Individual differences in the quality of early experiences with primary caregivers have been reliably implicated in the development of socioemotional adjustment and, more recently, physical health. However, few studies have examined the development of such associations with physical health into the adult years. To that end, the current study used prospective, longitudinal data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Stud…
The roles of parental and partner attachment working models in romantic relationships
Attachment theory suggests that romantic relationship dynamics are not only shaped by how people relate to their partners but also by the bonds they share with other important people in their lives. The present study investigated how parental and partner attachment representations work together to predict romantic relationship functioning. In addition, we examined how the associations between these working models and relationship functioning migh…
Changes in global and relationship-specific attachment working models
Attachment theorists suggest that people construct a number of distinct working models throughout life. People develop global working models, which reflect their expectations and beliefs concerning relationships in general, as well as relationship-specific working models of close others-their mothers, fathers, romantic partners, and friends. The present research investigated the interplay of these different working models over time. We analyzed l…
Self, partner, and observers' humor perceptions
Prior studies examining humor in romantic relationships often assume that behavioral ratings obtained from different sources (i.e., self, partner, and observer) are interchangeable. However, it is unclear if humor ratings across sources reflect a common construct. The current study ( N = 160 couples, M age = 20 years, M relationshiplength = 15 months) investigated whether partner and observer ratings of humor offer unique information beyond actor…
Dyadic effects of attachment and relationship functioning
Some scholars have proposed that people in couples in which at least one person is secure are just as satisfied as people in which both members are secure (i.e., buffering hypothesis). The present investigation tested this hypothesis by examining how relationship satisfaction varies as a function of the attachment security of both dyad members. Secondary analyses were performed using data from two studies (Study 1: 172 couples; Study 2: 194 coupl…
Machine learning uncovers the most robust self-report predictors of relationship quality across 43 longitudinal couples studies
Significance What predicts how happy people are with their romantic relationships? Relationship science—an interdisciplinary field spanning psychology, sociology, economics, family studies, and communication—has identified hundreds of variables that purportedly shape romantic relationship quality. The current project used machine learning to directly quantify and compare the predictive power of many such variables among 11,196 romantic couples. P…
Early Maternal Sensitivity and Teacher–Student Relationship Quality Across Grade School
Although teacher–student relationships are assumed to in part reflect early caregiving quality, their social provisions also undergo notable normative change over the course of primary school, shifting from a secure base for social exploration to an instrumental relationship centered on achieving academic goals. This report leveraged prospective, longitudinal data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,306, 52% male, 77% …
Change Goals Robustly Predict Trait Growth
Research suggests that change goals (desires to change personality traits) predict subsequent trait growth. In this article, we (re)analyzed all data our labs have collected as of May 2019 that included measures of change goals and repeated measures of personality traits (12 studies; total n = 2,238). Results indicated that change goals robustly predicted growth in all five traits. Effect sizes were largest for extraversion and emotional stabilit…
Do life events lead to enduring changes in adult attachment styles? A naturalistic longitudinal investigation
Research has shown that a variety of life events are associated with changes in adult attachment styles. What is unknown, however, is the extent to which those changes are transient or enduring. To investigate this issue, we followed a sample of over 4,000 people in a multiwave longitudinal study in which people naturalistically experienced a variety of life events (e.g., starting new relationships, changing jobs, average n across events = 392). …
Development and change in attachment
This research examines the contextual factors that facilitate development and change in attachment during later childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood using a longitudinal cohort design involving 690 children (7-19 years old) and their parents. At each wave, a variety of interpersonal variables (e.g., parent-child stress) were measured. We examined alternative developmental processes (i.e., long-term, catalytic, and short-term processes) tha…
An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment
The Sexual Double Standard
Adult attachment and the suppression of unwanted thoughts
Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior
Contemporary attachment research is based on the assumption that at least three types of infant attachment patterns exist: secure, avoidant, and resistant. It is not known, however, whether individual differences in attachment organization are more consistent with a continuous or a categorical model. The authors addressed this issue by applying P. E. Meehl's (1973, 1992) taxometric techniques for distinguishing latent types (i.e., classes, natura…
Airport separations
Couple members separating and not separating from each other in a public airport completed a questionnaire designed to assess relationship length, attachment style, and degree of subjective distress. After they completed these measures, their attachment behavior was observed unobtrusively. Analyses suggested that adult attachment behavior is organized in a manner similar to that observed in children. Relationship length and separation status were…
The legacy of early experiences in development
Psychologists have long debated the role of early experience in social and cognitive development. However, traditional approaches to studying this issue are not well positioned to address this debate. The authors present simulations that indicate that the associations between early experiences and later outcomes should approach different asymptotic values across time, given alternative assumptions about the developmental significance of early exp…
Adult attachment and the defensive regulation of attention and memory
When Likeness Goes with Liking
Three studies show that people tend to vote for politicians (i.e., either Romano Prodi or Silvio Berlusconi in Italy or George W. Bush or John Kerry in the United States) whose traits they rate as being most similar to their own. People perceived higher similarity between themselves and political figures with respect to traits that were most distinctive of each platform and their respective leaders. These findings, while corroborating the similar…
Volitional personality trait change
Previous research has found that most people want to change their personality traits. But can people actually change their personalities just because they want to? To answer this question, we conducted 2, 16-week intensive longitudinal randomized experiments. Across both studies, people who expressed goals to increase with respect to any Big Five personality trait at Time 1 tended to experience actual increases in their self-reports of that trait…
Patterns of stability in adult attachment
One of the core assumptions of attachment theory is that attachment representations are stable over time. Unfortunately, the data on attachment stability have been ambiguous, and as a result, alternative theoretical perspectives have evolved to explain them. The objective of the present research was to evaluate alternative models of stability by studying adults in 2 intensive longitudinal investigations. Specifically, we assessed attachment repre…
Confirmation Bias and the Sexual Double Standard
Are adult attachment styles categorical or dimensional? A taxometric analysis of general and relationship-specific attachment orientations
One of the long-standing debates in the study of adult attachment is whether individual differences are best captured using categorical or continuous models. Although early research suggested that continuous models might be most appropriate, we revisit this issue here because (a) categorical models continue to be widely used in the empirical literature, (b) contemporary models of individual differences raise new questions about the structure of a…
Structure of the Indonesian Emotion Lexicon
Based on a prototype approach to emotion concepts, two studies were conducted: (1) to identify the mental state words that Indonesian speakers are most certain name emotions ( perasaan hati ) and (2) to map the hierarchical and family-resemblance structure of the top 124 emotion concepts. As in an earlier study of emotion terms in American English (Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson, & O'Connor, 1987), cluster analysis of sorting data collected in Indonesi…
Interpersonal and genetic origins of adult attachment styles
One of the assumptions of attachment theory is that individual differences in adult attachment styles emerge from individuals' developmental histories. To examine this assumption empirically, the authors report data from an age 18 follow-up (Booth-LaForce & Roisman, 2012) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal investigation that tracked a cohort of children a…
The Adult Attachment Interview and self-reports of attachment style
Although 10 studies have been published on the empirical overlap of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and measures of self-reported attachment style, results in this literature have been inconsistently interpreted in narrative reviews. This report was designed as a rapprochement of the AAI and attachment style literatures and includes 3 studies. Study 1 (combined N = 961) is a meta-analytic review showing that by J. Cohen's (1992) criteria (me…
Broadening the investment model
The investment model is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks for understanding commitment in close relationships. Nonetheless, few studies have examined commitment dynamics using within-persons designs. In addition, there have been few attempts to examine potential antecedents of investment dynamics. The current research attempts to integrate the investment model with contemporary perspectives on attachment and perceived partner res…
Do life events lead to enduring changes in adult attachment styles? A naturalistic longitudinal investigation
Research has shown that a variety of life events are associated with changes in adult attachment styles. What is unknown, however, is the extent to which those changes are transient or enduring. To investigate this issue, we followed a sample of over 4,000 people in a multiwave longitudinal study in which people naturalistically experienced a variety of life events (e.g., starting new relationships, changing jobs, average n across events = 392). …
A taxometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview
This study is the first to examine the latent structure of individual differences reflected in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; C. George, N. Kaplan, & M. Main, 1985), a commonly used and well-validated measure designed to assess an adult's current state of mind regarding childhood experiences with caregivers. P. E. Meehl's (1995) taxometric methods (i.e., MAXCOV-HITMAX) were applied to data from 504 AAIs. Analyses revealed that the variation…
The nature of adult twin relationships
Twin relationships have been hailed as one of the most unique and intimate kinds of relationships. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of empirical research that addresses the interpersonal nature of twin relationships. In this article, the authors argue that attachment theory may provide a useful framework for understanding the nature of twin relationships. The authors present data indicating that (a) twins are more likely than non-twin siblings t…
A meta-analysis of longitudinal associations between substance use and interpersonal attachment security
Substance use has long been associated with close relationship distress. Although the direction of influence for this association has not been established, it has often been assumed that substance use is the causal agent and that close relationship distress is the effect. But research seeking to establish temporal precedence in this link has produced mixed findings. Further, theoretical models of substance use and close relationship processes pre…
A behavior-genetic study of parenting quality, infant attachment security, and their covariation in a nationally representative sample
A number of relatively small-sample, genetically sensitive studies of infant attachment security have been published in the past several years that challenge the view that all psychological phenotypes are heritable and that environmental influences on child development--to the extent that they can be detected--serve to make siblings dissimilar. Using the twin subsample (N = 485 same-sex pairs) of the nationally representative Early Childhood Long…
Not all attachment relationships develop alike
Attachment features and functions in adult romantic relationships
The present research examined the development of attachment bonds in adult romantic relationships using a cross-sectional internet survey (Study 1) and a longitudinal study (Study 2). Results suggested that attachment features and functions emerge in a specific sequence that begins with proximity-seeking, followed by safe haven, and finally secure base. Our cross-sectional data indicated that people who had been in relationships for longer were m…
The Evolution and Function of Adult Attachment
Although the evolutionary functions of attachment in infant-caregiver relationships are undisputed, it is unclear what functions--if any--attachment serves in adult romantic relationships. The objective of this research was to examine the evolution and function of adult attachment (i.e., pair bonding) by applying comparative and phylogenetic methods to archival data collected on 2 diverse samples of mammalian species. The authors found that speci…
Developmental processes across the first two years of parenthood
The first months after becoming a new parent are a unique and important period in human development. Despite substantial research on the many social and biological changes that occur during the first months of parenthood, little is known about changes in mothers' attachment. The present study examines developmental stability and change in first-time mothers' attachment style across the first 2 years of motherhood. At Time 1, 162 economically stre…
Attachment formation and transfer in young adults’close friendships and romantic relationships
Two hundred thirty‐seven young adults from an American university completed a questionnaire designed to test several normative implications of attachment theory. As predicted, the majority of participants (60%) used their parents as primary attachment figures but were in the process of transferring attachment‐related functions from parents to peers (best friends and romantic partners). The transfer of these functions the parents to peers was foun…
Adult attachment and the suppression of unwanted thoughts
Airport separations
Couple members separating and not separating from each other in a public airport completed a questionnaire designed to assess relationship length, attachment style, and degree of subjective distress. After they completed these measures, their attachment behavior was observed unobtrusively. Analyses suggested that adult attachment behavior is organized in a manner similar to that observed in children. Relationship length and separation status were…
Adult Romantic Attachment
The authors review the theory of romantic, or pair-bond, attachment as it was originally formulated by C. Hazan and P. R. Shaver in 1987 and describe how it has evolved over more than a decade. In addition, they discuss 5 issues related to the theory that need further clarification: (a) the nature of attachment relationships, (b) the evolution and function of attachment in adulthood, (c) models of individual differences in attachment, (d) continu…
An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment
Adult attachment and the defensive regulation of attention and memory
A Longitudinal Study of Personality Change in Young Adulthood
The present research examined personality continuity and change in a sample of young men and women assessed at the beginning and end of college. Two‐hundred seventy students completed measures of the Big Five personality traits when they first entered college and then four years later. Analyses indicate small‐ to medium‐sized normative (i.e., mean‐level) changes, large rank‐order stability correlations, high levels of stability in personality str…
Structure of the Indonesian Emotion Lexicon
Based on a prototype approach to emotion concepts, two studies were conducted: (1) to identify the mental state words that Indonesian speakers are most certain name emotions ( perasaan hati ) and (2) to map the hierarchical and family-resemblance structure of the top 124 emotion concepts. As in an earlier study of emotion terms in American English (Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson, & O'Connor, 1987), cluster analysis of sorting data collected in Indonesi…
Attachment Stability From Infancy to Adulthood
A central tenet of attachment theory is that a person's attachment pattern in adulthood is a reflection of his or her attachment history—-beginning with the person's earliest attachment relationships. However, the precise way in which early representations might shape adult attachment patterns is ambiguous, and different perspectives on this issue have evolved in the literature. According to the prototype perspective, representations of early exp…
Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior
Contemporary attachment research is based on the assumption that at least three types of infant attachment patterns exist: secure, avoidant, and resistant. It is not known, however, whether individual differences in attachment organization are more consistent with a continuous or a categorical model. The authors addressed this issue by applying P. E. Meehl's (1973, 1992) taxometric techniques for distinguishing latent types (i.e., classes, natura…
What are the differences between dimensional and categorical models of individual differences in attachment? Reply to Cassidy (2003), Cummings (2003), Sroufe (2003), and Waters and Beauchaine (2003)
Attachment and Loss
It is widely assumed that emotionally avoidant or defensive individuals will have a difficult time adjusting to the loss of a loved one. However, recent research suggests that defensive individuals tend to adapt quite well to loss. Such findings pose a number of challenges to attachment theory—a theory that has traditionally held that emotional avoidance is indicative of poor psychological adjustment. In this article, the authors argue that conte…
How to Conduct Behavioral Research over the Internet
Introduction. Getting Started: A Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Web Server. HTML: How to Make a Web Page from Scratch. HTML Forms: Collecting Research Data from Participants via the Internet. An Introduction to CGI Scripting: Using Perl to Automatically Save Response Data to a File. Providing Customized Feedback to Research Participants. Randomizing the Order of Stimuli. Random Assignment of Participants to Conditions. Using Multiple Web Pages in …
Patterns of Continuity
In contemporary psychology there is debate over whether individual differences in psychological constructs are stable over extended periods of time. The authors argue that it is impossible to resolve such debates unless researchers focus on patterns of stability and the developmental mechanisms that may give rise to them. To facilitate this shift in emphasis, they describe a formal model that integrates 3 developmental processes: stochastic-conte…
The Sexual Double Standard
Daily Depression and Cognitions About Stress
The authors examined the stability and dynamic structure of negative cognitions made to naturalistic stressors and the prediction of depressive symptoms in a daily diary study. Young adults reported on dispositional depression vulnerabilities at baseline, including a depressogenic cognitive style, dysfunctional attitudes, rumination, neuroticism, and initial depression, and then completed short diaries recording the inferences they made to the mo…
The Evolution and Function of Adult Attachment
Although the evolutionary functions of attachment in infant-caregiver relationships are undisputed, it is unclear what functions--if any--attachment serves in adult romantic relationships. The objective of this research was to examine the evolution and function of adult attachment (i.e., pair bonding) by applying comparative and phylogenetic methods to archival data collected on 2 diverse samples of mammalian species. The authors found that speci…
Adult Attachment and the Perception of Emotional Expressions
According to adult attachment theory, individual differences in attachment‐related anxiety reflect variation in individuals' vigilance to cues relevant to appraising and monitoring the availability and responsiveness of significant others. To investigate this assumption, the authors adopted a morph movie paradigm in which participants were shown movies of faces in which an emotional facial expression changed gradually to a neutral one (Study 1) o…
Confirmation Bias and the Sexual Double Standard
The nature of adult twin relationships
Twin relationships have been hailed as one of the most unique and intimate kinds of relationships. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of empirical research that addresses the interpersonal nature of twin relationships. In this article, the authors argue that attachment theory may provide a useful framework for understanding the nature of twin relationships. The authors present data indicating that (a) twins are more likely than non-twin siblings t…
Adult Attachment and Preemptive Defenses
The objective of this research was to determine whether the tendency of highly avoidant adults not to recall attachment‐related information is best explained through defensive strategies that operate on encoding or retrieval processes. In Study 1 participants listened to an emotionally evocative recording and were given both explicit and implicit tests of their memory for the material. Compared to less avoidant people, highly avoidant people reca…
A Connectionist Approach to the Organization and Continuity of Working Models of Attachment
Most research on adult attachment dynamics has been conducted under the assumption that working models are generalized cognitive‐motivational structures that are highly stable and activated in a wide array of circumstances. Recent research, however, suggests that people develop attachment representations that are relationship specific, leading them to hold distinct working models in different kinds of relationships. The objective of this article …
Transference of attachment patterns
This study was designed to examine how working models of attachment are transferred to novel relationships. Two targets were created that resembled either participants’ romantic partner or their parent. A third control target did not share overlapping features with participants’ significant others. Both global and specific working models of attachment influenced how participants perceived new people. The target manipulation also had a main effect…
A taxometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview
This study is the first to examine the latent structure of individual differences reflected in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; C. George, N. Kaplan, & M. Main, 1985), a commonly used and well-validated measure designed to assess an adult's current state of mind regarding childhood experiences with caregivers. P. E. Meehl's (1995) taxometric methods (i.e., MAXCOV-HITMAX) were applied to data from 504 AAIs. Analyses revealed that the variation…
When Likeness Goes with Liking
Three studies show that people tend to vote for politicians (i.e., either Romano Prodi or Silvio Berlusconi in Italy or George W. Bush or John Kerry in the United States) whose traits they rate as being most similar to their own. People perceived higher similarity between themselves and political figures with respect to traits that were most distinctive of each platform and their respective leaders. These findings, while corroborating the similar…
Psychology (80 obras) · Developmental psychology (72 obras) · Social Psychology (69 obras) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (60 obras) · Attachment theory (38 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (27 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (25 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (21 obras) · Social Psychology (21 obras) · Anxiety (20 obras)