Anne Warfield Rawls
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 77128 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Anne Warfield Rawls |
| PRENOMES | Anne Warfield |
| SOBRENOME | Rawls |
| ASSINATURA | RAWLS A W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Bentley University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4044-4314 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 66 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 649 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 64 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1984 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
“Machine Down”
This paper examines Harold Garfinkel’s work with ELIZA and a related program LYRIC from 1967 to 1969. AI researchers have tended to treat successful human–machine interaction as if it relied primarily on non-human machine characteristics, and thus the often-reported attribution of human-like qualities to communication with computers has been criticized as a misperception—and humans who make such reports referred to as “deluded.” By contrast Garfi…
Consensus vs. Situated Constitutive Practices
Ethnography in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis
This article focuses on various ethnographic procedures and findings in ethnomethodology (EM) and conversation analysis (CA), addressing the question of how EM and CA relate to ethnography. Given the obvious answer that EM includes ethnography, we also argue that CA does as well, though just how EM and CA do so needs to be qualified and specified. Ethnographic procedures have been used in EM for decades, although often in non-standard ways, and c…
Les Blancs sont des fouineurs, les Noirs sont mal élevés
Soutenant que les différences raciales reposent sur des manières tacites d'agir devenues des formes institutionnalisées d'interaction, cet article insiste sur la nécessité de développer une nouvelle façon d'appréhender la race et le racisme. Elle consiste à déplacer l'attention, depuis les macrostructures qui produisent et reproduisent les inégalités, et leurs manifestations individuelles (conscientes ou inconscientes), vers les attentes ancrées …
Black and Jewish
The Social Origins of Thought
By studying how different societies understand categories such as time and causality, the Durkheimians decentered Western epistemology. With contributions from philosophy, sociology, anthropology, media studies, and sinology, this volume illustrates the interdisciplinarity and intellectual rigor of the “category project” which did not only stir controversies among contemporary scholars but paved the way for other theories exploring how the though…
Tacit Racism is Institutionalized in Interaction in the US
Article Tacit Racism is Institutionalized in Interaction in the US: What about Elsewhere? was published on December 1, 2021 in the journal ZfK - Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften (volume 15, issue 2)
Responses
In this article, Jean Beaman examines Rawls and Duck's analysis of the interaction order and tacit racism in the French context. And Martijn de Koning is dedicated to the question »If Islamophobia is almost undetectable as a mode of racism, do other ways of thinking and/or opposing anti-Muslim racism then become deviant and abnormal
Racisme tacite et fantasme de la blanchité
En proposant de décrire le racisme tacite dans cet article, les auteurs abordent les contextes sociaux conflictuels de l'Amérique noire et de l'Amérique blanche par le biais des attentes tacites en matière d'interaction qu'ils expriment. Ces attentes sont si différentes, voire opposées, qu'elles entravent souvent la communication, le travail de reconnaissance des identités entre les races. Sans la capacité de communiquer et de « voir » l'Autre ra…
Durkheim’s Self-Regulating “Constitutive” Practices
Garfinkel's Politics
From his 1940-1942 studies of Race, through his 1967 study of an "inter-sexed" person called Agnes, Garfinkel's research was always politically engaged . When Garfinkel was Parsons' PhD student at Harvard (1946-1952) and later during a period of collaboration with Parsons (1958-1964), both theorized culture as a domain of social interaction independent from social structure and resting on its own implicit social contract. This conception of cultu…
The development of Garfinkel's 'Trust' argument from 1947 to 1967
Garfinkel began developing his famous Trust argument, that a minimum of equality and reciprocity he called 'Trust Conditions' is a prerequisite for sense-making in interaction, while working with Parsons from 1946 to 1952. The argument grounds a social justice approach to social order and meaning with affinities to Durkheim's 'implicit conditions of contract' and Du Bois' 'double consciousness'. Tracing the development of the Trust argument, we e…
Tacit Racism
Harold Garfinkel
The book presents a previously unpublished manuscript of Harold Garfinkel, one of the most influential American sociologists and founder of the Ethnomethodology. It explains how his position relates to the position on systems of social interaction of his teacher Talcott Parsons.
Harold Garfinkel
La division du travail revisited
Discovering culture” in interaction
Introduction to Garfinkel’s ‘Notes on Language Games
This article discusses ‘Notes on Language Games’, written by Harold Garfinkel in 1960 and never before published, one of three distinct versions of his famous ‘Trust’ argument, i.e., that constitutive criteria define shared events, objects, and meanings. The argument stands in contrast to an approach to cultural anthropology that was becoming popular in 1960 called ‘ethnoscience’. In this previously unknown manuscript, Garfinkel proposes that cul…
Problems Establishing Identity/Residency in a City Neighborhood during a Black/White Police–Citizen Encounter
This article revisits W.E.B. Du Bois' (1943) conception of “The Submissive Man” in the context of a Black/White police–citizen encounter. Du Bois argued that submission to democratic principles that place the well–being of the whole over the individual is a Black American ideal, which offers a necessary counter–balance to the individualism of the dominant White “Strong Man” ideal. We contrast this preference for “submission” and “cooperation” in …
Os Estudos de etnometodologia de Garfinkel
A Editora Vozes publicou uma tradução em português da nova segunda edição de Estudos de etnometodologia. Para comemorar essa realização, falarei hoje a respeito da importância desse livro, da obra de Garfinkel em geral, em termos teóricos, metodológicos e políticos. Argumentarei que Garfinkel se dedicou ao projeto durkheimiano de fazer com que a sociologia se tornasse singularmente adequada para o estudo da modernidade, e que isso explica muitas …
The wartime narrative in US sociology, 1940-1947
This is an article about the history of US sociology with systematic intent. It goes back to World War II to recover a wartime narrative context through which sociologists formulated a 'trauma' to the discipline and 'blamed' qualitative and values-oriented research for damaging the scientific status of sociology. This narrative documents a discussion of the changes that sociologists said needed to be made in sociology as a science to repair its s…
Playing the Interrogation Game
The United States is having an 'interrogation moment,' where increasing attention is being paid to what happens when suspects are questioned by the police. The manner in which confessions are secured can go directly to a society's sense of justice and fairness, as nowhere are positions of power and vulnerability so pronounced as in the interrogation room. This paper contributes to our understanding of police interrogation through discussing what …
An Essay on the Intrinsic Relationship between Social Facts and Moral Questions
Value neutrality and science are often equated. This paper argues that the work of doing science and engaging in scientific practices with meaningful objects depend on social facts which have moral prerequisites and are not value neutral
Communities of Practice vs. Traditional Communities
Communities of practice and situated moralities of self are progressively replacing traditional communities and their values in many areas of modern life. The challenge this presents to academia and to sociology in particular, is a serious one. The social logic of practices is really nothing like the social logic of concepts, narratives and beliefs. As social forms change in a context of globalization, that sociology is losing its object as it lo…
Ethnomethodology's Program
Ethnomethodology's Program: Working out Durkheim's Aphorism emphasizes Garfinkel's insistence that his position focuses on fundamental sociological issues--and that interpretations of his position as indifferent to sociology have been misunderstandings. Durkheim's aphorism states that the concreteness of social facts is sociology's most fundamental phenomenon. Garfinkel argues that sociologists have, for a century or more, ignored this aphorism a…
The Interaction Order Sui Generis
Goffinan is credited with enriching our understanding of the details of interaction, but not with challenging our theoretical understanding of social organization. While Goffman's position is not consistent, the outlines for a theory of an interaction order sui generis may be found in his work. It is not theoretically adequate to understand Goffinan as an interactionist within the dichotomy between agency and social structure. Goffman offers a wa…
Durkheim's Epistemology
Durkheim's epistemology, the argument for the social origins of the categories of the understanding, is his most important and most neglected argument. This argument has been confused with his sociology of knowledge, and Durkheim's overall position has been misunderstood as a consequence. The current popularity of a "cultural" or "ideological" interpretation of Durkheim is as much a misunderstanding of his position as the "functional" interpretat…
An Essay on Two Conceptions of Social Order
I argue that there is a deep parallel between problems that John Rawls (1955) argued had developed in moral philosophy as a result of not recognizing the difference between two conceptions of rules, and problems that have developed in sociology as a result of not recognizing that there are two conceptions of social order. That most philosophers and sociologists have not appreciated this problem does not weaken the importance of the argument. In f…
Race” as an Interaction Order Phenomenon
This article reports on a study of interaction between Americans who self-identify as Black and White that reveals underlying expectations with regard to conversation that differ between the two groups. These differences seem not to have much to do with class or gender, but rather vary largely according to self-identification by “race.” The argument of this paper will be that the social phenomena of “race” are constructed at the level of interact…
Garfinkel's Conception of Time
Garfinkel articulates a significant conception of time - as situated and sequential - that works in tandem with his rendering of social order in terms of situated practices. However, because his treatment of the actor, action, group and time in situated terms differs significantly from more conventional theoretical approaches, critics have often mistakenly interpreted Garfinkel as focused on the individual, and indifferent to the significance of …
Language, self, and social order
Durkheim's Treatment of Practice
It is generally thought that Durkheim based his theory of knowledge on a theory of representations. However, in The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1915 [1912]) he places great emphasis on concrete and witnessable aspects of practice such as sounds and movements and downplays the importance of beliefs and representations. He argues that ritual sounds and movements, when collectively enacted, can create sentiments that give rise to the ess…
Durkheim's theory of modernity
An important and innovative conception of constitutive practices plays a key role in Durkheim's theory of modernity as outlined in De la Division du Travail Sociale (1893), his first book. The idea of self-organizing constitutive practices presents a vision of a modern differentiated society that can be flexible, strong, and egalitarian; supporting individual freedom and equality between individuals; while at the same time facilitating coherence …
Durkheim's Epistemology
Although it is evident in his work from the beginning, Durkheim's epistemological argument did not appear in its completed form until the 1912 publication of The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. There Durkheim outlined a theory of enacted social practice as the foundation for an epistemology. Yet neither Durkheim's contribution to a theory of social practice nor his epistemological argument have been recognized as such. The early critics p…
The Development of Durkheim's Social Realism
1. The reform that contained all other reforms 2. The subtlety of things 3. The perfection of personality 4. A l'ecole des choses 5. The yoke of necessity
Conflict as a Foundation for Consensus
In The Division of Labor in Society (1893) Durkheim stresses the role of shared practice and spontaneous regulation in modern social forms, proposing that the modern division of labor is organized differently from traditional society, and thus that traditional solutions to problems of social justice and social disorganization are not appropriate in a modern context. He contrasts modern solidarities based on shared practice with the shared communi…
The wartime narrative in US sociology, 1940-1947
This is an article about the history of US sociology with systematic intent. It goes back to World War II to recover a wartime narrative context through which sociologists formulated a 'trauma' to the discipline and 'blamed' qualitative and values-oriented research for damaging the scientific status of sociology. This narrative documents a discussion of the changes that sociologists said needed to be made in sociology as a science to repair its s…
Accountably Other
Durkheim's Challenge to Philosophy
Problems Establishing Identity/Residency in a City Neighborhood during a Black/White Police–Citizen Encounter
This article revisits W.E.B. Du Bois' (1943) conception of “The Submissive Man” in the context of a Black/White police–citizen encounter. Du Bois argued that submission to democratic principles that place the well–being of the whole over the individual is a Black American ideal, which offers a necessary counter–balance to the individualism of the dominant White “Strong Man” ideal. We contrast this preference for “submission” and “cooperation” in …
Durkheim and Pragmatism
Durkheim's lectures on pragmatism, given in 1913-14, constitute both a significant critique of pragmatism and a clarification of Durkheim's own position. Unfortunately, these lectures have received little attention, most of it critical. When they have been taken seriously, the analysis tends to focus on their historical context and not on the details of Durkheim's actual argument. This is partly because the tendency to interpret Durkheim's theory…
Playing the Interrogation Game
The United States is having an 'interrogation moment,' where increasing attention is being paid to what happens when suspects are questioned by the police. The manner in which confessions are secured can go directly to a society's sense of justice and fairness, as nowhere are positions of power and vulnerability so pronounced as in the interrogation room. This paper contributes to our understanding of police interrogation through discussing what …
Discovering culture” in interaction
Fractured Reflections” of High-Status Black Male Presentations of Self
This article examines the effects of “tacit” expectations about race, which are institutionalized in an Interaction Order that frames how we “see” high-status occupational identity. There is an essential moment in presenting Self before Other(s) when it is the turn of the Other(s) to recognize, respond to, and ratify that presentation. The Self is a social accomplishment that requires mutual cooperation from others. Failure to recognize and ratif…
Wittgenstein, Durkheim, Garfinkel and Winch
This paper proposes an approach to the question of meaning and understanding based on the idea of constitutive rules and their relationship to the social objects they are used to create. This approach implicates mutual attention as an essential aspect of the social processes constitutive of social objects and mutual intelligibility. Social objects as such include the meaning, perception and coherence of things, identities and talk, etc. There is …
Emergent Sociality
A conversation has a life of its own and makes demands on its own behalf. It is a little social system with its own boundary maintaining tendencies; it is a little patch of commitment and loyalty with its own heroes and its own villains. (Goffman 1967:113
The development of Garfinkel's 'Trust' argument from 1947 to 1967
Garfinkel began developing his famous Trust argument, that a minimum of equality and reciprocity he called 'Trust Conditions' is a prerequisite for sense-making in interaction, while working with Parsons from 1946 to 1952. The argument grounds a social justice approach to social order and meaning with affinities to Durkheim's 'implicit conditions of contract' and Du Bois' 'double consciousness'. Tracing the development of the Trust argument, we e…
Garfinkel, Ethnomethodology and the Defining Questions of Pragmatism
Simmel, Parsons and the Interaction Order
Introduction to Garfinkel’s ‘Notes on Language Games
This article discusses ‘Notes on Language Games’, written by Harold Garfinkel in 1960 and never before published, one of three distinct versions of his famous ‘Trust’ argument, i.e., that constitutive criteria define shared events, objects, and meanings. The argument stands in contrast to an approach to cultural anthropology that was becoming popular in 1960 called ‘ethnoscience’. In this previously unknown manuscript, Garfinkel proposes that cul…
Interaction as a Resource for Epistemological Critique
Reply to Gallant and Kleinman on Symbolic Interactionism vs. Ethnomethodology
The Interaction Order Sui Generis
Goffinan is credited with enriching our understanding of the details of interaction, but not with challenging our theoretical understanding of social organization. While Goffman's position is not consistent, the outlines for a theory of an interaction order sui generis may be found in his work. It is not theoretically adequate to understand Goffinan as an interactionist within the dichotomy between agency and social structure. Goffman offers a wa…
Language, self, and social order
Simmel, Parsons and the Interaction Order
Interaction Order or Interaction Ritual
Emergent Sociality
A conversation has a life of its own and makes demands on its own behalf. It is a little social system with its own boundary maintaining tendencies; it is a little patch of commitment and loyalty with its own heroes and its own villains. (Goffman 1967:113
"Reply to "The Interaction Order and the Micro-Macro Distinction
A number of points in Mouzelis's comment are typical misinterpretations of my work. The main issues that I will address are 1) the relationship between interaction order and the micro-macro distinction, 2) the relationship between interaction order and size/space/ location, 3) the consequences of the author's misunderstanding of (1) for the argument that order comes from what I have called above and below, and 4) the consequences of misunderstand…
Can rational choice be a foundation for social theory
Durkheim's Epistemology
Durkheim's epistemology, the argument for the social origins of the categories of the understanding, is his most important and most neglected argument. This argument has been confused with his sociology of knowledge, and Durkheim's overall position has been misunderstood as a consequence. The current popularity of a "cultural" or "ideological" interpretation of Durkheim is as much a misunderstanding of his position as the "functional" interpretat…
The Semiotic Self.Norbert Wiley
Durkheim's Epistemology
Although it is evident in his work from the beginning, Durkheim's epistemological argument did not appear in its completed form until the 1912 publication of The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. There Durkheim outlined a theory of enacted social practice as the foundation for an epistemology. Yet neither Durkheim's contribution to a theory of social practice nor his epistemological argument have been recognized as such. The early critics p…
Durkheim and Pragmatism
Durkheim's lectures on pragmatism, given in 1913-14, constitute both a significant critique of pragmatism and a clarification of Durkheim's own position. Unfortunately, these lectures have received little attention, most of it critical. When they have been taken seriously, the analysis tends to focus on their historical context and not on the details of Durkheim's actual argument. This is partly because the tendency to interpret Durkheim's theory…
Durkheim's Challenge to Philosophy
Troubles in Interracial Talk About Discipline
The preference of African American parents for physical discipline is noted frequently in the literature, and it is suggested that this preference is responsible for the over representation of black children in foster care. Our research has found that African American parents in a social service intervention program clearly express this preference to their social workers, thereby further jeopardizing their chances of being judged fit parents. Stu…
Race” as an Interaction Order Phenomenon
This article reports on a study of interaction between Americans who self-identify as Black and White that reveals underlying expectations with regard to conversation that differ between the two groups. These differences seem not to have much to do with class or gender, but rather vary largely according to self-identification by “race.” The argument of this paper will be that the social phenomena of “race” are constructed at the level of interact…
The Development of Durkheim's Social Realism
1. The reform that contained all other reforms 2. The subtlety of things 3. The perfection of personality 4. A l'ecole des choses 5. The yoke of necessity
Durkheim's Treatment of Practice
It is generally thought that Durkheim based his theory of knowledge on a theory of representations. However, in The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1915 [1912]) he places great emphasis on concrete and witnessable aspects of practice such as sounds and movements and downplays the importance of beliefs and representations. He argues that ritual sounds and movements, when collectively enacted, can create sentiments that give rise to the ess…
Ethnomethodology’S Program
"Since the 1967 publication of Studies in Ethnomethodology, Harold Garfinkel has indelibly influenced the social sciences and humanities worldwide. This new book, the long-awaited sequel to Studies, comprises Garfinkel's work over three decades to further elaborate the study of ethnomethodology.""Working out Durkheim's Aphorism,"" the title used for this new book, emphasizes Garfinkel's insistence that his position focuses on fundamental sociolog…
L'émergence de la socialité
Conflict as a Foundation for Consensus
In The Division of Labor in Society (1893) Durkheim stresses the role of shared practice and spontaneous regulation in modern social forms, proposing that the modern division of labor is organized differently from traditional society, and thus that traditional solutions to problems of social justice and social disorganization are not appropriate in a modern context. He contrasts modern solidarities based on shared practice with the shared communi…
La fallace de l'abstraction mal placée
est autorise que dans les limites des conditions gnrales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement
Epistemology and Practice
In this original and controversial book Professor Rawls argues that Durkheim's The Elementary Forms of Religious Life is the crowning achievement of his sociological endeavour and that since its publication in English in 1915 it has been consistently misunderstood. Rather than a work on primitive religion or the sociology of knowledge, Rawls asserts that it is an attempt by Durkheim to establish a unique epistemological basis for the study of soc…
Accountably Other
Garfinkel's Conception of Time
Garfinkel articulates a significant conception of time - as situated and sequential - that works in tandem with his rendering of social order in terms of situated practices. However, because his treatment of the actor, action, group and time in situated terms differs significantly from more conventional theoretical approaches, critics have often mistakenly interpreted Garfinkel as focused on the individual, and indifferent to the significance of …
Sociology (57 obras) · Epistemology (43 obras) · Philosophy (40 obras) · Political science (26 obras) · Psychology (25 obras) · Law (22 obras) · Social science (20 obras) · Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice (19 obras) · Philosophy (18 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras)