Maria Cancian
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 77649 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Maria Cancian |
| PRENOMES | Maria |
| SOBRENOME | Cancian |
| ASSINATURA | CANCIAN M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5308-8294 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 68 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 978 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 68 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1996 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
Emerging Ideas. How important is formal child support for family economic well‐being
Maternal contact with Child Protective Services around childbirth and postpartum contraception
Formal and Informal Shared Parenting Among Divorced and Never-Married Parents
ObjectiveThis study examines patterns of informal and formal shared parenting-and potential disconnects between the two-comparing divorced and never-married parents.BackgroundExisting research on shared parenting-where children spend time with both parents-largely focuses on formal shared placement among divorced parents. Less is known about shared placement for never-married parents, and little research exists for either population examining ext…
Child support policy
Defining the ‘Resource Unit’ for Poverty Measurement in Complex Contemporary Households
The long-term effects of formal child support
Objective and BackgroundPrevious research shows the benefits of formal child support to children during their childhood; however, the long-term effect of child support receipt on outcomes as adults has not been studied. This inquiry examines whether adults who received formal child support as children have different labor market outcomes than those who did not.MethodWe conducted two sets of analyses with complementary strengths to examine young a…
A Research Note on Trends in the Stock and Flow of Child Support Agreements
In this research note, we demonstrate that trends in the likelihood of child support agreements differ by marital history (i.e., never-married vs. ever-married) and by whether measures rely on the stock of families (i.e., all those in which children live apart from a parent) or the flow (i.e., those that include children who newly live apart from a parent) in a given year. While previous research has highlighted difference by marital history, the…
Do Carrots Work Better than Sticks? Results from the National Child Support Noncustodial Parent Employment Demonstration
Most children in the United States will spend at least part of their childhood living apart from one of their parents; the child support system is designed to ensure that they nonetheless receive financial support. While the system is largely effective when noncustodial parents have substantial regular earnings, many noncustodial parents, including a disproportionate share of those whose children live in poverty, have limited earnings and ability…
Appam Presidential Address
Barriers to Formal Child Support Payment
Child support income has the potential to substantially reduce economic hardship for children living apart from their fathers, but many fathers have limited earnings and are unable to pay the support they owe. Understanding their employment barriers has implications for their child support payments and for child support agency services. Using data from a survey of nearly 3,800 noncustodial fathers in seven states, we find that more than half of t…
Use of child support enforcement actions and their relationship to payments
What Happens When the Amount of Child Support Due Is a Burden? Revisiting the Relationship between Child Support Orders and Child Support Payments
Child support policies typically call for noncustodial fathers to provide their children financial support. However, setting orders too high may be counterproductive, resulting in lower payments and compliance and less regular payments. But how high is too high? Prior research is dated and inconsistent. We reexamine the relationship between the burden of orders and payments, compliance, and regularity. Using fixed-effects models and administrativ…
Comparing income-shares and percentage-of-income child support guidelines
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early Motherhood Among Low-Income, Maltreated, and Foster Youth
Early childbearing is associated with a host of educational and economic disruptions for teenage girls and increased risk of adverse outcomes for their children. Low-income, maltreated, and foster youth have a higher risk of teen motherhood than the general population of youth. In this study, we assessed differences in the risk of early motherhood among these groups and investigated whether differences likely reflect selection factors versus effe…
Do Low-Income Noncustodial Fathers Trade Families? Economic Contributions to Children in Multiple Families
Little research exists on the contributions that noncustodial fathers make to children they have had in different families. We use baseline survey data from an intervention for noncustodial parents who are behind in their child support payments to examine formal and informal payments. We explore whether noncustodial fathers who have had children with multiple mothers provide any support to children from older relationships, and whether they provi…
Anti-poverty Policy Innovations
Lawrence M. Berger, Maria Cancian, Katherine Magnuson, Anti-Poverty Policy Innovations: New Proposals for Addressing Poverty in the United States, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, Anti-Poverty Policy Initiatives for the United States (February 2018), pp. 1-19
Reforming Policy for Single-Parent Families to Reduce Child Poverty
Maria Cancian, Daniel R. Meyer, Reforming Policy for Single-Parent Families to Reduce Child Poverty, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, Anti-Poverty Policy Initiatives for the United States (February 2018), pp. 91-112
Anti-poverty Policy Innovations
LAWRENCE M. BERGER, MARIA CANCIAN, KATHERINE MAGNUSON, Anti-Poverty Policy Innovations, RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 3, Anti-Poverty Policy Initiatives for the United States (FEBRUARY 2018), pp. 1-19
Child Support and Income Inequality
Child support contributes to many custodial‐mother families’ income, yet there are persistent concerns that many noncustodial fathers have low‐wage, unstable jobs that limit their ability to pay child support. Thus, child support may exacerbate inequality—that is, it may transfer resources from a low‐income noncustodial father to a custodial‐mother family that is already better off. These arguments, however, are generally made without reference t…
Permanency and the Educational and Economic Attainment of Former Foster Children in Early Adulthood
Foster children are at disproportionate risk of adverse outcomes throughout the life course. Public policy prioritizes permanency (exiting foster care through reunification with birth parents, adoption, or legal guardianship) to promote foster youths' healthy development and well-being, but little empirical evidence indicates that permanency, including its most preferred form-reunification-promotes positive outcomes. Using multi-system, statewide…
The Growth in Shared Custody in the United States
We document the dramatic decline in the United States of mother sole custody arrangements following divorce. Our empirical analysis uses Wisconsin court records data spanning more than two decades (1988–2010). Updating earlier analyses that showed significant increases in shared custody, we estimate that shared custody (where children spend at least 25% of time with each parent) has now replaced sole‐mother custody as the most common post‐divorce…
Making parents pay
Most families in the child protective services system also interact with the child support enforcement system. This study exploits a natural experiment in Wisconsin, created by the state's large regional variation in child support referral policy, to estimate a potentially important effect of child support enforcement on the duration of out-of-home foster care placement. The effect we examine is whether requiring parents to pay support to offset …
Child Support and Subsequent Nonmarital Fertility With a New Partner
When a parent has another child with a new partner, a significant effect on parents and children is likely, making factors associated with multiple-partner fertility of interest to policy makers. For single mothers, one potential policy-relevant factor influencing their subsequent fertility with a new partner is child support income. However, the direction and magnitude of any effect is not well-established. This study documents the simple negati…
Fathers’ Imprisonment and Mothers’ Multiple-Partner Fertility
We consider the intersection between two striking U.S. trends: dramatic increases in the imprisonment of fathers and increases in the proportion of mothers who have children with more than one partner (multiple-partner fertility, or MPF). Using matched longitudinal administrative data that provide unusually comprehensive and accurate information about the occurrence and timing of imprisonment, fertility, and MPF for the population of the state of…
Families at the Intersection of the Criminal Justice and Child Protective Services Systems
The prevalence of incarceration in the United States is increasingly well known. The prevalence of family involvement with child protective services (CPS) is less understood, though, and there is limited research examining links between incarceration and CPS involvement. Here, we describe the incidence and prevalence of incarceration and CPS involvement in the United States and outline reasons that the same individuals and families may be at risk…
The changing importance of white women's economic prospects for assortative mating
Given recent changes in the labor force participation and economic standing of women, we ask whether a woman's position in the labor market has become a more important determinant of her position in the marriage market. Unlike much prior research on trends over time in assortative mating, we take an individual-level approach to the analysis and rely on improved measures of labor market position, such as measuring wives' wages before marriage and …
The Effect of Additional Child Support Income on the Risk of Child Maltreatment
About 6 million children were reported to the child welfare system as being at risk of child abuse or neglect in the United States in 2010. Researchers and policy makers have long recognized that children living in families with limited economic resources are at higher risk for maltreatment than children from higher socioeconomic strata, but the causal effect of income, and particularly child support, on maltreatment risk has been challenging to …
Before and After Tanf
We use administrative data from Wisconsin to compare employment, earnings, and income outcomes for welfare leavers under early reforms and under the later, more stringent Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. We find substantially higher rates of exit in the later period. Later leavers are somewhat more likely to work, but their earnings are lower. We also make a pre‐post comparison of individual employment and income experiences, exam…
Multiple‐Partner Fertility
Family complexity that results when adults have children with multiple partners (multiple‐partner fertility) is quite common. It also has important implications for understanding child support outcomes and for designing and evaluating welfare and family policy. Using a unique set of merged administrative data, this article provides the first comprehensive documentation of levels of family complexity among a broad sample of welfare recipients. The…
The Evolution of Family Complexity from the Perspective of Nonmarital Children
We document the incidence and evolution of family complexity from the perspective of children. Following a cohort of firstborn children whose mothers were not married at the time of their birth, we consider family structure changes over the first 10 years of the child’s life—considering both full and half-siblings who are coresidential or who live in another household. We rely on detailed longitudinal administrative data from Wisconsin that inclu…
Who gets custody
Changes in the living arrangements of children have implications for social policy and children’s well-being. Understanding who gets custody on divorce—mother, father, or both sharing custody—can also inform our understanding of family organization and the merits of alternative theories of marriage and divorce. We examine physical-custody outcomes among recent Wisconsin divorces in an effort to understand the factors associated with shared custod…
The impact of wives’ earnings on income inequality
We estimate the extent to which rising family income inequality can be explained by changes in the earnings of married women. We develop a decomposition equation that separates single persons from married couples (decomposition by population group) and, for married couples, distinguishes the impact of wives ’ earnings from other sources of income (decomposition by income source). Despite the rising correlation between husbands’ and wives’ earning…
Who Gets Custody Now? Dramatic Changes in Children’s Living Arrangements After Divorce
This article reexamines the living arrangements of children following their parents’ divorce, using Wisconsin Court Records, updating an analysis that showed relatively small but significant increases in shared custody in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These changes have accelerated markedly in the intervening years: between 1988 and 2008, the proportion of mothers granted sole physical custody fell substantially, the proportion of parents shari…
Alternative measures of economic success among Tanf participants
Current debates about the success of TANF reforms have been obscured by the use of inconsistent indicators of success, as well as by measurement difficulties associated with alternative indicators. This paper considers conceptual and measurement issues associated with three different indicators of economic well‐being: independence from public assistance, having income above the poverty threshold, and freedom from material hardship. Survey and adm…
Maternal re-partnering and new-partner fertility
The Regularity of Child Support and Its Contribution to the Regularity of Income
The declining availability of public assistance and increasing reliance on child support as a key income source for single-parent families raise questions about the adequacy and consistency of support. Using detailed Wisconsin administrative records for custodial mothers who obtained a new child support order in 2000, this study examines the regularity of child support receipt and its contribution to the regularity of total income among custodial…
Discouraging Disadvantaged Fathers’ Employment
Substantial declines in employment and earnings among disadvantaged men may be exacerbated by child support enforcement policies that are designed to help support families but may have the unintended consequence of discouraging fathers’ employment. Disentangling causal effects is challenging because high child support debt may be both a cause and a consequence of unemployment and low child support order compliance. We used childbirth costs charge…
Welfare and child support
In most states, child support paid on behalf of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants is used to offset TANF and child support administrative expenditures; this policy primarily benefits taxpayers. In contrast, Wisconsin allowed most custodial parents to keep all support paid on their behalf. This policy, which treats welfare and child support as complements, was evaluated through an experimental design. This paper reports t…
Fathers of Children Receiving Welfare
Although a number of current policy initiatives presume that nonresident fathers could provide substantially more income for their (welfare‐attached) children, several factors lead to skepticism. This article uses administrative and survey data to describe the characteristics of fathers of welfare recipients. The results suggest that most of these fathers have limited economic resources and, like the mothers of their children, often face substant…
I'm Not Supporting His Kids
The authors examined whether nonresident fathers provide informal support to their children and whether support stops if their ex-partner goes on to have a child with a new man. A logistic regression analysis of longitudinal survey and administrative data for 434 women who received welfare in Wisconsin showed that fathers are less likely to provide informal support when their ex-partner has a child with a new partner. Alternative models that cont…
Child Support
Over time, public policy changes have strengthened the private child support system while reducing access to public support-welfare. Given the especially limited availability of public support, nonresident fathers' economic contributions through child support can play an important role in helping children to avoid poverty. In this article, the authors review evidence on nonresident fathers' ability to pay support, provide an overview of the way c…
Who Owes What to Whom? Child Support Policy Given Multiple-Partner Fertility
When parents have children from multiple partners, the resulting complex families challenge conventions concerning parents’ rights and responsibilities. These challenges are particularly salient for child support policies, which articulate parents’ obligations to their children and determine the amount of support due. Data from Wisconsin suggest that complex families are fairly common and that nonresident fathers’ earnings in these families are t…
Work after welfare
Current welfare reforms attempt to move low-income women with children from reliance on welfare to work. The logic of some current efforts relies on the thesis that employment, even in low-paying jobs, leads eventually to self-sufficiency. With data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors analyzed the relationship between work history and economic success during the first five years after women leave welfare. They found that o…
How Do Welfare Sanctions Work
Journal Article How Do Welfare Sanctions Work? Get access Chi-Fang Wu, PhD, Chi-Fang Wu, PhD assistant professor University of Wisconsin-MadisonUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Oregon Street, Urbana, IL 61801; e-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maria Cancian, PhD, Maria Cancian, PhD professor University of Wisconsin-Madison Search for other works by this author on…
Rhetoric and Reality of Work-Based Welfare Reform
The argument presented in this article is that although work is one path toward improved well-being for poor families, a successful and humane social welfare policy must recognize and respond to its limitations. The prowork rhetoric surrounding current efforts to move women from welfare to work rests on at least three propositions: Work is the norm, work is good for families, and work leads to self-sufficiency. The article reviews empirical evide…
Permanency and the Educational and Economic Attainment of Former Foster Children in Early Adulthood
Foster children are at disproportionate risk of adverse outcomes throughout the life course. Public policy prioritizes permanency (exiting foster care through reunification with birth parents, adoption, or legal guardianship) to promote foster youths' healthy development and well-being, but little empirical evidence indicates that permanency, including its most preferred form-reunification-promotes positive outcomes. Using multi-system, statewide…
What Happens When the Amount of Child Support Due Is a Burden? Revisiting the Relationship between Child Support Orders and Child Support Payments
Child support policies typically call for noncustodial fathers to provide their children financial support. However, setting orders too high may be counterproductive, resulting in lower payments and compliance and less regular payments. But how high is too high? Prior research is dated and inconsistent. We reexamine the relationship between the burden of orders and payments, compliance, and regularity. Using fixed-effects models and administrativ…
Families at the Intersection of the Criminal Justice and Child Protective Services Systems
The prevalence of incarceration in the United States is increasingly well known. The prevalence of family involvement with child protective services (CPS) is less understood, though, and there is limited research examining links between incarceration and CPS involvement. Here, we describe the incidence and prevalence of incarceration and CPS involvement in the United States and outline reasons that the same individuals and families may be at risk…
Changes in Family Composition
This article discusses the consequences of family composition for poverty and income and its implications for policy. Marriage rates are declining, rates of nonmarital births are increasing (both poverty-increasing), while families are smaller, and there are more working mothers (both poverty-decreasing). Marriage remains less likely and nonmarital births more common for blacks than for whites and Hispanics, though even among whites, 36 percent o…
Testing the Economic Independence Hypothesis
We examine the effects of an increase in income on the cohabitation and marriage of single mothers. Using data from an experiment that resulted in randomly assigned differences in child support receipt for welfare-receiving single mothers, we find that exogenous income increases (as a result of receiving all child support that was paid) are associated with significantly lower cohabitation rates between mothers and men who are not the fathers of t…
Changing Policy, Changing Practice
With the increasing numbers of affected by divorce and economic vulnerability after divorce, child support is a critical concern of national policymakers. The efforts to increase child support have included a shift to numerical guidelines for the amount of child support orders. Guidelines generally reflect an income-sharing philosophy, in which support is expected of all nonresident parents, of residentparent resources. We examine Wisconsin divor…
Assessing the Effects of Wives' Earnings on Family Income Inequality
We argue that the effect of wives' earnings can be assessed meaningfully only by comparing the observed distribution of income with a reference distribution. The components of the standard decomposition of the Gini coefficient have no implicit reference distribution and therefore should not be interpreted as a measure of the effect of an income source on inequality. We suggest several intuitive counterfactual reference distributions and illustrat…
Race-based versus class-based affirmative action in college admissions
Race-based versus class-based affirmative action in college admissions
Affirmative action is increasingly under attack. 1Some argue that racism is no longer a problem, that compensation for past wrongs is inappropriate, and that the ultimate goal of a color-blind society cannot be reached by means of a racebased policy. 2 Others concede the need for some sort of affirmative-action program but argue for a broader definition of disadvantage, often focusing on socioeconomic status variables other than race or ethnicity…
Balancing act
Who gets custody
Changes in the living arrangements of children have implications for social policy and children’s well-being. Understanding who gets custody on divorce—mother, father, or both sharing custody—can also inform our understanding of family organization and the merits of alternative theories of marriage and divorce. We examine physical-custody outcomes among recent Wisconsin divorces in an effort to understand the factors associated with shared custod…
Economic Well-Being Following an Exit from Aid to Families with Dependent Children
Much previous research has focused on how long families receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) before leaving the program and whether and when they return to the program following an exit. Few quantitative studies have looked at broader indicators of the economic well-being of those who have exited AFDC. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to trace poverty status and welfare use in the 5 years following an e…
The impact of wives’ earnings on income inequality
We estimate the extent to which rising family income inequality can be explained by changes in the earnings of married women. We develop a decomposition equation that separates single persons from married couples (decomposition by population group) and, for married couples, distinguishes the impact of wives ’ earnings from other sources of income (decomposition by income source). Despite the rising correlation between husbands’ and wives’ earning…
Work after welfare
Current welfare reforms attempt to move low-income women with children from reliance on welfare to work. The logic of some current efforts relies on the thesis that employment, even in low-paying jobs, leads eventually to self-sufficiency. With data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors analyzed the relationship between work history and economic success during the first five years after women leave welfare. They found that o…
Understanding Poverty
In spite of an unprecedented period of growth and prosperity, the poverty rate in the U.S. remains high relative to the levels of the early 1970s and relative to those in many industrialized countries today. This book brings the problem of poverty in America to the fore, focusing on its nature and extent at the dawn of the 21st century
Rhetoric and Reality of Work-Based Welfare Reform
The argument presented in this article is that although work is one path toward improved well-being for poor families, a successful and humane social welfare policy must recognize and respond to its limitations. The prowork rhetoric surrounding current efforts to move women from welfare to work rests on at least three propositions: Work is the norm, work is good for families, and work leads to self-sufficiency. The article reviews empirical evide…
Before and After Tanf
We use administrative data from Wisconsin to compare employment, earnings, and income outcomes for welfare leavers under early reforms and under the later, more stringent Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. We find substantially higher rates of exit in the later period. Later leavers are somewhat more likely to work, but their earnings are lower. We also make a pre‐post comparison of individual employment and income experiences, exam…
Alternative measures of economic success among Tanf participants
Current debates about the success of TANF reforms have been obscured by the use of inconsistent indicators of success, as well as by measurement difficulties associated with alternative indicators. This paper considers conceptual and measurement issues associated with three different indicators of economic well‐being: independence from public assistance, having income above the poverty threshold, and freedom from material hardship. Survey and adm…
Placing patterns of economic assortative mating in context
Fathers of Children Receiving Welfare
Although a number of current policy initiatives presume that nonresident fathers could provide substantially more income for their (welfare‐attached) children, several factors lead to skepticism. This article uses administrative and survey data to describe the characteristics of fathers of welfare recipients. The results suggest that most of these fathers have limited economic resources and, like the mothers of their children, often face substant…
The changing importance of white women's economic prospects for assortative mating
Given recent changes in the labor force participation and economic standing of women, we ask whether a woman's position in the labor market has become a more important determinant of her position in the marriage market. Unlike much prior research on trends over time in assortative mating, we take an individual-level approach to the analysis and rely on improved measures of labor market position, such as measuring wives' wages before marriage and …
After the Revolution
Welfare programs changed dramatically in 1996. Caseloads dropped by more than 9 million recipients over an eight-year period, and millions entered the labor market in the wake of these changes. Since the start of the “welfare revolution,” research has emerged to document the new ways former welfare recipients are using federal entitlement programs as they navigate and negotiate the “post-AFDC” era. In this article, the authors examine patterns of…
Multiple‐Partner Fertility
Family complexity that results when adults have children with multiple partners (multiple‐partner fertility) is quite common. It also has important implications for understanding child support outcomes and for designing and evaluating welfare and family policy. Using a unique set of merged administrative data, this article provides the first comprehensive documentation of levels of family complexity among a broad sample of welfare recipients. The…
How Do Welfare Sanctions Work
Journal Article How Do Welfare Sanctions Work? Get access Chi-Fang Wu, PhD, Chi-Fang Wu, PhD assistant professor University of Wisconsin-MadisonUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Oregon Street, Urbana, IL 61801; e-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Maria Cancian, PhD, Maria Cancian, PhD professor University of Wisconsin-Madison Search for other works by this author on…
Welfare and child support program knowledge gaps reduce program effectiveness
There is little research on knowledge of the policy rules that could affect individuals, either in general or in evaluations of new programs. The lack of research is surprising, given that knowledge gaps could limit the effectiveness of reforms or lead to incorrect inferences regarding the effects of a policy change. In this article, we use survey data to examine the level and sources of welfare participants' policy knowledge in the context of a …
Standing Still or Moving Up? Evidence from Wisconsin on the Long-Term Employment and Earnings of Tanf Participants
This study identified the employment and earnings trajectories of welfare recipients over six years for a sample of 14,150 women who entered the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program (TANF) in Wisconsin in its first year. Wisconsin longitudinal administrative data were used to examine differential patterns of mid-term (three years) and long-term (six years) employment and earnings success. We developed a conceptual approach to categoriz…
Welfare and child support
In most states, child support paid on behalf of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) participants is used to offset TANF and child support administrative expenditures; this policy primarily benefits taxpayers. In contrast, Wisconsin allowed most custodial parents to keep all support paid on their behalf. This policy, which treats welfare and child support as complements, was evaluated through an experimental design. This paper reports t…
How Program Participants Learn Program Rules
Recent research suggests that program participants have limited knowledge of the rules governing social programs. These knowledge gaps limit program effectiveness. This article uses a unique survey of Wisconsin welfare participants to explore factors associated with whether single mothers have accurate knowledge of child support rules. It also assesses the accuracy of knowledge gained from their own experience, formal sources, and informal source…
Promising Antipoverty Strategies for Families
A large percentage of poor children live with just one parent, usually their mother, and single‐parent families are more vulnerable to economic downturns than are two‐parent families. Living arrangements also affect the optimal design of policies related to income support and child support. In this paper we briefly review changes in family structure and the relationship between family structure and employment, and then focus on policies that are …
Unchanging child support orders in the face of unstable earnings
The underlying theory behind child support guidelines implies that child support orders should change when the incomes of noncustodial parents change. This paper documents changes in noncustodial fathers' earnings over a five-year period and examines the relationship between the changes in earnings and modifications in child support orders. Using detailed longitudinal administrative data from Wisconsin, the authors examine the history of orders a…
Economics (51 obras) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (48 obras) · Political science (48 obras) · Psychology (44 obras) · Demographic economics (38 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (33 obras) · Sociology (30 obras) · Child support (27 obras) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (27 obras) · Welfare (22 obras)