Jean‐pierre Habicht
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 77955 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jean‐pierre Habicht |
| PRENOMES | Jean‐pierre |
| SOBRENOME | Habicht |
| ASSINATURA | HABICHT J P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2160-6330 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 506 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Bottlenecks and predictors of coverage and adherence outcomes for a micronutrient powder program in Ethiopia
A theory-driven evaluation was conducted to assess performance of a trial to deliver micronutrient powder (MNP) through the Ethiopian Ministry of Health. We adapted an approach to coverage assessment, originally developed to identify bottlenecks in health service delivery, to examine sequential program outcomes and their correlates using cross-sectional survey data of caregivers of children 6-23 months (N = 1915). Separate multivariable Poisson r…
Discouraging premastication may do more harm than good
Premastication
Premastication of foods for infants was a crucial behavioural adaptation to neoteny that ensured nutritional adequacy during the period of complementary feeding throughout the course of human evolution until recent times.While the paps and gruels of agricultural systems provided an alternative and modern food technology appears to make it unnecessary, we argue that, in addition to its role in nutrition, premastication also played a crucial role i…
Using programme theory to assess the feasibility of delivering micronutrient Sprinkles through a food‐assisted maternal and child health and nutrition programme in rural Haiti
This paper uses programme theory to assess, in the context of an effectiveness evaluation, the feasibility and acceptability of distributing micronutrient Sprinkles through a food-assisted maternal and child health and nutrition programme in rural Haiti. We laid out the steps related to programme delivery and household utilization of Sprinkles and used qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data on these steps. Methods included structured…
Leroy Et Al. Respond
We read Woolf and Johnson’s letter with great interest. The similarity of the findings for developing countries and the United States is impressive,1 as they reflect the influence of the shared assumptions in the research community that lead to low investments in research to improve the fidelity (quality) of health care delivery and utilization. We have a slight correction to make to their letter. Our research shows that 6 million (not 4 million)…
Current Priorities in Health Research Funding and Lack of Impact on the Number of Child Deaths per Year
We determined the proportion of research on childhood mortality directed toward better medical technology (i.e., by improving old technology or creating new technology) compared with research on technology delivery and utilization. We also estimated mortality reductions from a research-funding strategy focusing primarily on developing technology compared with one that also focused on delivery and utilization. Ninety-seven percent of grants were f…
Context matters
Appropriate consideration of contextual factors is essential for ensuring internal and external validity of randomized and non-randomized evaluations. Contextual factors may confound the association between delivery of the intervention and its potential health impact. They may also modify the effect of the intervention or programme, thus affecting the generalizability of results. This is particularly true for large-scale health programmes, for wh…
Programmatic pathways to child survival
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the expectations held by World Health Organization programme personnel about how the introduction of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy would lead to improvements in child health and nutrition, to compare these expectations with what was learned from the Multi-Country Evaluation of IMCI Effectiveness, Cost and Impact (MCE-IMCI), and to discuss the implications of these findings for child surviva…
Measuring the quality of child health care at first-level facilities
Impact of the Mexican Program for Education, Health, and Nutrition (Progresa) on Rates of Growth and Anemia in Infants and Young Children
CONTEXT: Malnutrition causes death and impaired health in millions of children. Existing interventions are effective under controlled conditions; however, little information is available on their effectiveness in large-scale programs. OBJECTIVE: To document the short-term nutritional impact of a large-scale, incentive-based development program in Mexico (Progresa), which included a nutritional component. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A rando…
Evidence-Based Public Health
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are essential for evaluating the efficacy of clinical interventions, where the causal chain between the agent and the outcome is relatively short and simple and where results may be safely extrapolated to other settings. However, causal chains in public health interventions are complex, making RCT results subject to effect modification in different populations. Both the internal and external validity of RCT fin…
The Multi-Country Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Strategy
The Multi-Country Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) includes studies of the effectiveness, cost, and impact of the IMCI strategy in Bangladesh, Brazil, Peru, Tanzania, and Uganda. Seven questions were addressed when the evaluation was designed: who would be in charge, through what mechanisms IMCI could affect child health, whether the focus would be efficacy or effectiveness, what indicators would be measured, wh…
Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality
Characterization of household food insecurity in Québec
Evaluation designs for adequacy, plausibility and probability of public health programme performance and impact
The question of why to evaluate a programme is seldom discussed in the literature. The present paper argues that the answer to this question is essential for choosing an appropriate evaluation design. The discussion is centered on summative evaluations of large-scale programme effectiveness, drawing upon examples from the fields of health and nutrition but the findings may be applicable to other subject areas. The main objective of an evaluation …
Food Insecurity
Timing of the influence of maternal nutritional status during pregnancy on fetal growth
This study, which used data from a longitudinal nutrition study of mothers and infants in rural Guatemala, tested a hypothesis that the influence of maternal nutritional status on various measurements of fetal growth is trimester-specific. The relationships between various measures of newborn size and the changes of maternal anthropometry at various stages of pregnancy were analyzed by ordinary least squares multiple regression techniques. The sa…
The deterioration in children's nutritional status in rural Chad
OBJECTIVES: This study examined how maternal influence on child feeding modified the deterioration of child nutritional status in Chad. METHODS: The pattern of height with age was examined in 98 rural Chadian children aged 12 through 71 months from 64 households randomly chosen. RESULTS: Younger children were more stunted than older ones, probably reflecting secular deterioration in weanlings' nutritional status from 1982 to 1987. Children of mot…
The recovery of Guatemalan children with mild to moderate wasting
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that enhance the recovery due to supplementary feeding in wasted children. METHODS: Recovery rates were obtained in mild to moderately wasted 6- to 48-month-old rural Guatemalan children living in four villages. Children in two villages received a high protein-energy supplement (supplemented children), while children in the other villages received a low protein-energy supplement (nonsu…
Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality
OBJECTIVES. Despite broad agreement that severe malnutrition contributes to child mortality in developing countries and that malnutrition has a physiologically synergistic relationship with morbidity, evidence of an epidemiologic synergism has been lacking. Also, the literature provides conflicting evidence concerning the existence of elevated mortality among children with mild to moderate malnutrition. A review of published population-based stud…
Measuring the effects of vitamin A supplementation
Measuring the effects of vitamin A supplementation. R J Stoltzfus, and J P Habicht Mutee H. Abdeljaber, Arnold S. Monto, Robert L. Tilden, and Anthony Schork CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.2.288 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Winkvist and Colleagues Respond
In family medicine we seek to build upon the strengths offamilies, whether urban or rural, disadvantaged or wealthy. Our emphasis is on inclusion: all of us are members of families and communities, with our own weaknesses and contributions to make to the public health. Understanding healthy and unhealthy family systems may lead to more effective family interventions and improved health out- comes for the entire community
Understanding hunger and developing indicators to assess it in women and children
The lack of an operational definition for hunger has been frequently cited as a barrier to progress in addressing the problem. The purposes of this research were to develop an understanding of hunger from the perspective of women who had experienced it and to construct and evaluate indicators to measure hunger directly in similar populations. In-depth interviews were conducted with 32 women of childbearing age from rural and urban areas of Upstat…
A new definition of maternal depletion syndrome
BACKGROUND. Although the term "maternal depletion syndrome" has been commonly used to explain poor maternal and infant health, whether such a syndrome actually exists remains unclear. This uncertainty may be due to the lack of a clear definition of the syndrome and the absence of theoretical frameworks that account for the many factors related to reproductive nutrition. METHODS. We propose a new definition of maternal depletion syndrome within a …
Ruel and Habicht Respond
Ruel and Habicht Respond Marie T. Ruel, and Jean-Pierre Habicht C J Geefhuysen Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.6.899 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Characterization of household food insecurity in Québec
Evidence-Based Public Health
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are essential for evaluating the efficacy of clinical interventions, where the causal chain between the agent and the outcome is relatively short and simple and where results may be safely extrapolated to other settings. However, causal chains in public health interventions are complex, making RCT results subject to effect modification in different populations. Both the internal and external validity of RCT fin…
A new definition of maternal depletion syndrome
BACKGROUND. Although the term "maternal depletion syndrome" has been commonly used to explain poor maternal and infant health, whether such a syndrome actually exists remains unclear. This uncertainty may be due to the lack of a clear definition of the syndrome and the absence of theoretical frameworks that account for the many factors related to reproductive nutrition. METHODS. We propose a new definition of maternal depletion syndrome within a …
Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality
OBJECTIVES. Despite broad agreement that severe malnutrition contributes to child mortality in developing countries and that malnutrition has a physiologically synergistic relationship with morbidity, evidence of an epidemiologic synergism has been lacking. Also, the literature provides conflicting evidence concerning the existence of elevated mortality among children with mild to moderate malnutrition. A review of published population-based stud…
Diarrheal diseases and growth retardation in preschool Guatemalan children
The relationship between diarrheal diseases and growth increments in total body length and weight was investigated in 716 rural Ladino Guatemalan children. Data on diarrheal diseases were provided by the mothers through retrospective surveys carried out at 14‐day intervals. Increments in length and weight, semestral from near birth to four years and yearly thence to seven, were related to days ill with diarrheal diseases during the same time inte…
The identification and evaluation of measurement variability in the anthropometry of preschool children
Measurement variability estimates for 18 different anthropometric dimensions were collected within the context of an ongoing longitudinal investigation of preschool Guatemalan children. Estimates of total measurement variance, intra‐observer variance, and short‐term intra‐subject variance are presented for each variable. A simple procedure for the evaluation of measurement variance in cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigations is described i…
Infant mortality decline in Malaysia, 1946–1975
Individual-level retrospective data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey are used to examine why the infant mortality rate (IMR) has declined rapidly in Malaysia since World War II. Substantial increases in mothers’ education and improvements in water and sanitation have contributed. However, breastfeeding reductions have kept the IMR from declining as rapidly as it would have otherwise. The detrimental effects of reduced breastfeeding more than…
Length and weight in rural Guatemalan Ladino children
The present study reports 5,029 length and weight measurements as well as percentile distributions for a mixed longitudinal series of 1,119 rural Guatemalan Ladino children. The study sample, birth through seven years, is representative of children in clinically good health, but of suboptimal nutrition. Boys are longer and heavier than girls over the age range. Guatemalan children of both sexes are smaller than American white children from Denver…
How biological and behavioural influences on mortality in Malaysia vary during the first year of life
This study uses retrospective data from the 1976–7 Malaysian Family Life Survey to examine the determinants of infant mortality variations in Peninsular Malaysia. It considers proximate biological correlates of mortality as well as family characteristics and behaviour, and inspects the degree to which some of these latter factors exercise their effects indirectly through more proximate factors. It assesses how these influences and interactions ch…
Context matters
Appropriate consideration of contextual factors is essential for ensuring internal and external validity of randomized and non-randomized evaluations. Contextual factors may confound the association between delivery of the intervention and its potential health impact. They may also modify the effect of the intervention or programme, thus affecting the generalizability of results. This is particularly true for large-scale health programmes, for wh…
Programmatic pathways to child survival
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the expectations held by World Health Organization programme personnel about how the introduction of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy would lead to improvements in child health and nutrition, to compare these expectations with what was learned from the Multi-Country Evaluation of IMCI Effectiveness, Cost and Impact (MCE-IMCI), and to discuss the implications of these findings for child surviva…
Assessing socioeconomic correlates of birthweight in peninsular Malaysia
Prevalences of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Black and White women in the United States estimated by two methods
Prevalences of anemia were estimated by two methods for 742 Black and 3,074 White nonpregnant women of childbearing age drawn from a large probability sample of the United States civilian noninstitutionalized population (NHANES I). One method defines the prevalence of anemia as the proportion of women with hemoglobin levels below a 12 g/dl "cut-off". The second method defines the prevalence of anemia as the proportion of women whose hemoglobin va…
Environmental Effects on Child-Spacing and Population Increase in Highland Guatemala
The Contraceptive Role of Breastfeeding
We review (1) neuro-hormonal mechanisms by which breastfeeding postpones the return of ovulation and menstruation after birth, and (2) various statistical procedures used to analyse this effect in human populations. This review reveals that the biology and the statistical procedures are incompatible. We propose a statistical approach, compatible with present knowledge of physiology, that differentiates between ovulation-inhibiting mechanisms at b…
Concepts about infant health, growth, and weaning
Premastication
Premastication of foods for infants was a crucial behavioural adaptation to neoteny that ensured nutritional adequacy during the period of complementary feeding throughout the course of human evolution until recent times.While the paps and gruels of agricultural systems provided an alternative and modern food technology appears to make it unnecessary, we argue that, in addition to its role in nutrition, premastication also played a crucial role i…
The Multi-Country Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Strategy
The Multi-Country Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) includes studies of the effectiveness, cost, and impact of the IMCI strategy in Bangladesh, Brazil, Peru, Tanzania, and Uganda. Seven questions were addressed when the evaluation was designed: who would be in charge, through what mechanisms IMCI could affect child health, whether the focus would be efficacy or effectiveness, what indicators would be measured, wh…
Drinking water source, diarrheal morbidity, and child growth in villages with both traditional and improved water supplies in rural Lesotho, southern Africa
This study examined the growth and morbidity rates of young children in relation to exclusive and non-exclusive use of improved water supplies in rural Lesotho, southern Africa. Data were collected for 247 children 60 months of age and under between July 1984 and February 1985 in 10 villages that had an improved water supply at least one year prior to investigation. Children whose families relied exclusively on the new water supply for their drin…
Is Big Smart
Robert E. Klein, Jerome Kagan, Howard E. Freeman, Charles Yarbrough, Jean-Pierre Habicht, Is Big Smart?: The Relation of Growth to Cognition, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Sep., 1972), pp. 219-225
Current Priorities in Health Research Funding and Lack of Impact on the Number of Child Deaths per Year
We determined the proportion of research on childhood mortality directed toward better medical technology (i.e., by improving old technology or creating new technology) compared with research on technology delivery and utilization. We also estimated mortality reductions from a research-funding strategy focusing primarily on developing technology compared with one that also focused on delivery and utilization. Ninety-seven percent of grants were f…
Sexual dimorphism in bone growth as a function of body size in moderately malnourished Guatemalan preschool age children
The sexual dimorphism in second metacarpal bone growth was investigated in 710 malnourished Guatemalan children one to seven years old to determine if the sex differences seen are only the result of differences in stature and weight. The study sample was mixed‐longitudinal and consisted of 1,586 annual examinations. Boys have greater mean stature, weight, periosteal diameter, medullary diameter and cortical area than girls the same age, while gir…
Measuring the quality of child health care at first-level facilities
Equity in Public-Sector Primary Health Care
Comparison of two growth charts in Lesotho
BACKGROUND: Two growth monitoring charts widely used for growth monitoring in Africa (the Road-to-Health (RTH) and the Growth Surveillance (GS] were compared in order to assist the Government of Lesotho to decide on an appropriate national growth chart. METHODS: Thirty-four health workers were taught and tested on the RTH during a first week of training and on the GS during a second week (the RTH-GS group), while the order was reversed for anothe…
Is Big Smart
Robert E. Klein, Jerome Kagan, Howard E. Freeman, Charles Yarbrough, Jean-Pierre Habicht, Is Big Smart?: The Relation of Growth to Cognition, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Sep., 1972), pp. 219-225
Environmental Effects on Child-Spacing and Population Increase in Highland Guatemala
Height and Weight Standards for Preschool Children
Levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in cord blood of Latin American newborns of low socioeconomic status
While studying the ecology of fetal malnutrition, levels of cord serum IgM were determined by radial immuno‐diffusion in cord blood taken from seven groups of newborns. Group 1 was selected among the high socioeconomic Peruvian urban population. The other six groups were from the low socioeconomic strata of Peru and Guatemala (Ladino and Indian, urban and rural), among whom, very poor environmental conditions prevailed. The results were compared …
Length and weight in rural Guatemalan Ladino children
The present study reports 5,029 length and weight measurements as well as percentile distributions for a mixed longitudinal series of 1,119 rural Guatemalan Ladino children. The study sample, birth through seven years, is representative of children in clinically good health, but of suboptimal nutrition. Boys are longer and heavier than girls over the age range. Guatemalan children of both sexes are smaller than American white children from Denver…
Diarrheal diseases and growth retardation in preschool Guatemalan children
The relationship between diarrheal diseases and growth increments in total body length and weight was investigated in 716 rural Ladino Guatemalan children. Data on diarrheal diseases were provided by the mothers through retrospective surveys carried out at 14‐day intervals. Increments in length and weight, semestral from near birth to four years and yearly thence to seven, were related to days ill with diarrheal diseases during the same time inte…
The identification and evaluation of measurement variability in the anthropometry of preschool children
Measurement variability estimates for 18 different anthropometric dimensions were collected within the context of an ongoing longitudinal investigation of preschool Guatemalan children. Estimates of total measurement variance, intra‐observer variance, and short‐term intra‐subject variance are presented for each variable. A simple procedure for the evaluation of measurement variance in cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigations is described i…
Sexual dimorphism in bone growth as a function of body size in moderately malnourished Guatemalan preschool age children
The sexual dimorphism in second metacarpal bone growth was investigated in 710 malnourished Guatemalan children one to seven years old to determine if the sex differences seen are only the result of differences in stature and weight. The study sample was mixed‐longitudinal and consisted of 1,586 annual examinations. Boys have greater mean stature, weight, periosteal diameter, medullary diameter and cortical area than girls the same age, while gir…
Assurance of quality of the provision of primary medical care by non-professionals
Health for All by the Year 2000
Health for All by the Year 2000 Jean-Pierre Habicht CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.71.5.459 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Prevalences of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Black and White women in the United States estimated by two methods
Prevalences of anemia were estimated by two methods for 742 Black and 3,074 White nonpregnant women of childbearing age drawn from a large probability sample of the United States civilian noninstitutionalized population (NHANES I). One method defines the prevalence of anemia as the proportion of women with hemoglobin levels below a 12 g/dl "cut-off". The second method defines the prevalence of anemia as the proportion of women whose hemoglobin va…
How biological and behavioural influences on mortality in Malaysia vary during the first year of life
This study uses retrospective data from the 1976–7 Malaysian Family Life Survey to examine the determinants of infant mortality variations in Peninsular Malaysia. It considers proximate biological correlates of mortality as well as family characteristics and behaviour, and inspects the degree to which some of these latter factors exercise their effects indirectly through more proximate factors. It assesses how these influences and interactions ch…
Environmental factors in the relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality
Mothers recall data collected in Malaysia in 1976-77 are analyzed to study correlates of mortality of 5471 infants. Respondent population is 1262 women living in 52 primary sampling units of Peninsular Malaysia. Lengths of unsupplemented and supplemented breastfeeding and presence of piped household water and toilet sanitation are related to infant mortality in regressions that also control other correlates. The analysis is disaggregated into 3 p…
Assessing socioeconomic correlates of birthweight in peninsular Malaysia
The Contraceptive Role of Breastfeeding
We review (1) neuro-hormonal mechanisms by which breastfeeding postpones the return of ovulation and menstruation after birth, and (2) various statistical procedures used to analyse this effect in human populations. This review reveals that the biology and the statistical procedures are incompatible. We propose a statistical approach, compatible with present knowledge of physiology, that differentiates between ovulation-inhibiting mechanisms at b…
Growth in Early Childhood in Developing Countries
Infant mortality decline in Malaysia, 1946–1975
Individual-level retrospective data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey are used to examine why the infant mortality rate (IMR) has declined rapidly in Malaysia since World War II. Substantial increases in mothers’ education and improvements in water and sanitation have contributed. However, breastfeeding reductions have kept the IMR from declining as rapidly as it would have otherwise. The detrimental effects of reduced breastfeeding more than…
Drinking water source, diarrheal morbidity, and child growth in villages with both traditional and improved water supplies in rural Lesotho, southern Africa
This study examined the growth and morbidity rates of young children in relation to exclusive and non-exclusive use of improved water supplies in rural Lesotho, southern Africa. Data were collected for 247 children 60 months of age and under between July 1984 and February 1985 in 10 villages that had an improved water supply at least one year prior to investigation. Children whose families relied exclusively on the new water supply for their drin…
Predicting total body water from bioelectrical impedance in children
Concepts about infant health, growth, and weaning
Equity in Public-Sector Primary Health Care
Comparison of two growth charts in Lesotho
BACKGROUND: Two growth monitoring charts widely used for growth monitoring in Africa (the Road-to-Health (RTH) and the Growth Surveillance (GS] were compared in order to assist the Government of Lesotho to decide on an appropriate national growth chart. METHODS: Thirty-four health workers were taught and tested on the RTH during a first week of training and on the GS during a second week (the RTH-GS group), while the order was reversed for anothe…
Understanding hunger and developing indicators to assess it in women and children
The lack of an operational definition for hunger has been frequently cited as a barrier to progress in addressing the problem. The purposes of this research were to develop an understanding of hunger from the perspective of women who had experienced it and to construct and evaluate indicators to measure hunger directly in similar populations. In-depth interviews were conducted with 32 women of childbearing age from rural and urban areas of Upstat…
A new definition of maternal depletion syndrome
BACKGROUND. Although the term "maternal depletion syndrome" has been commonly used to explain poor maternal and infant health, whether such a syndrome actually exists remains unclear. This uncertainty may be due to the lack of a clear definition of the syndrome and the absence of theoretical frameworks that account for the many factors related to reproductive nutrition. METHODS. We propose a new definition of maternal depletion syndrome within a …
Ruel and Habicht Respond
Ruel and Habicht Respond Marie T. Ruel, and Jean-Pierre Habicht C J Geefhuysen Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.6.899 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Medicine (42 obras) · Environmental health (24 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (20 obras) · Population (18 obras) · Demography (17 obras) · Pediatrics (12 obras) · Pediatrics (12 obras) · Psychology (12 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (10 obras) · Nursing (10 obras)