Robert M Hayden
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 78727 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Robert M Hayden |
| PRENOMES | Robert M |
| SOBRENOME | Hayden |
| ASSINATURA | HAYDEN R M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Pittsburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4379-3325 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 72 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 550 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 72 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
JUS Post Bellum’ in Bosnia as New Jus ad Bellum, After Thirty Years of Non-Bellum
A recent article in this journal claims that although there has not been inter-ethnic conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the thirty years since the end of the war, and power has been repeatedly transferred after elections internationally recognized as free and fair, the peace is not sustainable because it falls short on abstract criteria of justice, reconciliation and other normative goals. Authors propose a model of ‘Jus Post Bellum’ (J…
Minerva's Owl Flees From Gunfire
Anthropologists who do research in regions in which armed conflict breaks out between ethnic or religious-heritage communities are often called upon to give opinions on the events there. When such a conflict becomes the subject of international moral discourses, the pressure on scholars to conform to dominant positions is acute, and can lead to analyses that are not well grounded in what can be reasonably understood as facts on the ground, but th…
Borders and the Limits of Authority
In this article I introduce a variety of social, political and economic collectivities to analyze ways in which their interactions are influenced by borders as the territorial delimitations of legal authority, or jurisdictions. The limits of authority within such collectivities are seen in the overlapping grants of authority that impact them. To the extent that borders delineate spheres of legitimate action by governments, they can be defensive o…
Postmortem on a Stillborn Census
The 2013 census in Bosnia and Herzegovina produced two competing official results, each exclusively valid in half the country, which is constitutionally an ethno-political consociation. An International Monitoring Operation inadvertently contributed to a breakdown of agreements among the three government statistical agencies conducting the census. Neither result shows with reasonable certainty how many of the enumerated were actually residents, b…
Exititis in Europe? Yugoslavia as the First European Disunion
Yugoslavia (YU), a multinational federation, collapsed into civil war and ultimate dissolution in 1991, exactly when the European Union (EU) was coming into existence as a multinational federation. What failed in YU, and is threatened in EU, is the concept of a federation composed of nation-states in the European sense of that term, in which the nation (as ethno-religious community) is sovereign in its own state (territory plus government). If th…
Stefano Bianchini, Liquid Nationalisms and State Partitions in Europe (Cheltenham, UK
Violence as a Creative Force
The frequent description of the Bosnian war of 1992–1995 as “the worst conflict in Europe since World War II” has had the perverse effect of deflecting attention from what went on there in 1941–1945, which was far worse than in the 1990s. In the 1992–1995 Bosnian war, approximately 102,000 people were killed, two-thirds of them Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), 19 percent Serbs and 8 percent Croats. In contrast, in the 1941–1945 war, approximately 300,…
Antagonistic Tolerance
Antagonistic Tolerance examines patterns of coexistence and conflict amongst members of different religious communities, using multidisciplinary research to analyze groups who have peacefully intermingled for generations, and who may have developed aspects of syncretism in their religious practices, and yet have turned violently on each other. Such communities define themselves as separate peoples, with different and often competing interests, ye…
Desire for fertility among HIV-seroconcordant and -discordant couples in Lusaka, Zambia
Pregnancy rates and the desire to conceive are increasing among women living with HIV in Africa. However, attempts to conceive may increase the risk of HIV transmission or reinfection. A better understanding of factors influencing fertility desires would significantly contribute to programmes to meet the reproductive needs of women living with HIV. Using a couples-based approach, this paper explored fertility desires among HIV-seroconcordant and …
A response to Craig R. Nation and Vjeran Pavlaković’s Comments on From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans
The Iconostasis in the Republican Mosque
In this paper we focus on the Republican Mosque in Derinkuyu, Turkey, a Greek Orthodox church built in 1859 and transformed into a mosque in 1949 that still exhibits many obviously Christian structural features not found in most such converted churches. We utilize the concept of religioscape , defined as the distribution in spaces through time of the physical manifestations of specific religious traditions and of the populations that build them, …
Self-Othering
If ethnography is a literary form, can fiction also serve its purposes equally well? Comparison of the analyses of Serbian culture in the 1990s in the two scholarly studies and the novel reviewed here brings this question to the fore. The authors are Belgrade natives who left for North America in the 1980s and write in English for an American audience. They are, thus, externalized insiders. All exoticize their native land, reproducing Orientalist…
From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans
This book brings together important original contributions to scholarly and political/policy debates over the disintegration of Yugoslavia, and especially the war in Bosnia. The analyses are grounded on empirically-based arguments about social and political dynamics, resonate with much larger/enduring issues of social science inquiry, and consistently challenge commonly-held beliefs about the Balkans that are based more on ignorance, misunderstan…
Intersecting Religioscapes and Antagonistic Tolerance
This article analyses patterns of competition between religious groups in urban settings, and empirical indicators of the dominance of one religious community over another, utilising the theoretical model of ‘Antagonistic Tolerance’, or competitive sharing of space. The key analytical concept used is ‘religioscapes’: the distribution in spaces through time of the physical manifestations of specific religious traditions and of the populations that…
Imagined Commonalities
The “Balkan Tale” project includes an exhibit of photographs of Ottoman‐era buildings, texts by historians from the region, and a documentary film on the Balkan wars of 1912–13. Installations include a “soundwalk” and an experience of Ottoman perfumes. Materials are available in English, Albanian, Greek, German, Serbian, Macedonian, and Turkish. The project premises that various peoples of the region lived peacefully together before the creation …
Intersecting Religioscapes
In this article, we consider elements of sharing, space, and time involved in analyzing cases of shared and contested religious space. We draw on comparative data and use a model of competitive sharing of religious sites, or “Antagonistic Tolerance,” that we are developing with an interdisciplinary and international group of colleagues. A key concept which we explain in this project is that of the religioscape, the distribution in spaces through …
What's Reconciliation Got to do With It? The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Icty) as Antiwar Profiteer
This article argues that the actions and activities of the ICTY have not been beneficial to achieving reconciliation or stability in the Balkans, but to the contrary are part of the reason that parts of the region have remained unstable. This result should not be unexpected as there is very little evidence, if indeed any, that indicates that protracted tribunals like the ICTY (and unlike, therefore, Nuremberg), have ever had, or even could have, …
The Continuing Reinvention of the Square Wheel
Neither the Dayton constitution nor the two Butmir draft constitutions will work in Bosnia or any other multiethnic country. None of them is a serious effort to address the problem of creating a state when two of the three nations comprising the country reject the imposition of its authority upon them. Until this problem is faced directly, international interveners face a nearly impossible task
Deleuzean Delusions and Imaginary Ethnography
The Byzantine Mosque at Trilye
This paper analyses the history and current utilization of an edifice in Northwestern Anatolia that was constructed in the eighth century as a Byzantine church, converted into a mosque in the sixteenth century, back into a Greek Orthodox church from 1920 to 1922, and has been a mosque again since 1923—this is the "Byzantine mosque" of our title. By looking at the building not simply as a Byzantine church that has undergone changes but as a long‐t…
Highways, roadblocks and empires
'Building the Balkans' requires the construction of infrastructures, especially highways. In this paper, I look at the construction and obstruction of highway systems in the Balkans as concrete manifestations of metaphors of incorporation and separation. While the infrastructure is mainly tangible, the roadblocks, largely due to ideological positions, are often intangible but very real, and are created as much by the European Union and the US as …
"Genocide Denial" Laws as Secular Heresy
Heresy" is developed here as an analytical term for the criminalization of speech questioning the basic tenets of a belief system, such as internal criticisms of state socialism or denial of the applicability of the termgenocideto some mass crimes in a European Union that purports to make central the protection of human rights. European legislation to criminalize "genocide denial" is critiqued through a close analysis of international legal decis…
Reply to Ramet
Antagonistic Tolerance
Antagonistic Tolerance examines patterns of coexistence and conflict amongst members of different religious communities, using multidisciplinary research to analyze groups who have peacefully intermingled for generations, and who may have developed aspects of syncretism in their religious practices, and yet have turned violently on each other. Such communities define themselves as separate peoples, with different and often competing interests, ye…
From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans
"Orientalist Variations on the Theme "Balkans
At first we were confused. The East thought that we were West, while the West considered us to be East. Some of us misunderstood our place in this clash of currents, so they cried that we belong to neither side, and others that we belong exclusively to one side or the other. But I tell you, Irinej, we are doomed by fate to be the East on the West, and the West on the East, to acknowledge only heavenly Jerusalem beyond us, and here on earth-no one…
Constitutional Nationalism in the Formerly Yugoslav Republics
The results of the first free elections in Yugoslavia since World War II, held in 1990, set the stage for the civil war that broke out in summer and fall 1991. In those elections, strongly nationalist parties or coalitions won in each of the republics. In Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and to some extent in Macedonia, nationalists asserted anticommunism in order to bolster their appeal and their legitimacy internationally, while the new So…
Antagonistic Tolerance
This paper develops a concept of competitive sharing to explain how sacred sites that have long been shared by members of differing religious communities and may even exhibit syncretic mixtures of the practices of both may come to be seized or destroyed by members of one of them in order to manifest dominance over the other. This competitive sharing is compatible with the passive meaning of tolerance as noninterference but incompatible with the a…
Imagined Communities and Real Victims
In this article I view "ethnic cleansing" in terms of the structural logic advanced by Mary Douglas (1966) and manifested in the constitutions of the republics of the former Yugoslavia. These constitutions reify and objectify "culture" in ways that provide the conceptual, ideological, political, and legal justifications for processes of exclusion, from the denial of citizenship to expulsion and murder. The analysis is grounded in the texts of the…
Rape and Rape Avoidance in Ethno-National Conflicts
Mass rape is a common but not universal occurrence in ethnic or nationalist conflicts. Using South Asian and Bosnian data, in this article I argue that mass rape is likely when such conflicts take place during the partition of a territory and its population, when the state itself is liminal, both its territory and control over it uncertain. In conflicts in which the state is not itself threatened, and thus groups feel that they will continue to c…
Moral Vision and Impaired Insight
Depictions of the Balkans conflicts in most Western academic and journalistic writings are based on an unreal reading of life as those in the West do not want it, while those of prewar Bosnia manifest an imagination of a Bosnian community not shared by many Bosnians themselves. International political actors insist on efforts to create a Bosnia in accordance with their own images rather than accept that many of the people there view their world a…
Schindler's Fate
In 1993, the film Schindler's List provided what many commentators took to be simile and many others metaphor for the violence in Bosnia. The cinematic version of Thomas Keneally's 1982 book on the holocaust of the Jews of Cracow seemed to emblematize the horror of the "ethnic cleansing" of Muslims from northern and eastern Bosnia in the summer of 1992 and thereafter, complete with wretched people in cattle cars and "concentration camps" with sta…
Democracy” without a Demos? The Bosnian Constitutional Experiment and the Intentional Construction of Nonfunctioning States
The social science literature on ethnically divided states is huge and varied, but suggestions for constitutional solutions are strangely uniform: “loose federations” of ethnically defined ministates, with minimal central authority that must act by consensus and thus cannot act at all on issues that are contested rather than consented. In Bosnia, the political system mandated by the international High Representative suffer the same structural fla…
Intersecting Religioscapes
In this article, we consider elements of sharing, space, and time involved in analyzing cases of shared and contested religious space. We draw on comparative data and use a model of competitive sharing of religious sites, or “Antagonistic Tolerance,” that we are developing with an interdisciplinary and international group of colleagues. A key concept which we explain in this project is that of the religioscape, the distribution in spaces through …
The Byzantine Mosque at Trilye
This paper analyses the history and current utilization of an edifice in Northwestern Anatolia that was constructed in the eighth century as a Byzantine church, converted into a mosque in the sixteenth century, back into a Greek Orthodox church from 1920 to 1922, and has been a mosque again since 1923—this is the "Byzantine mosque" of our title. By looking at the building not simply as a Byzantine church that has undergone changes but as a long‐t…
Turn-Taking, Overlap, and the Task at Hand
Anthropologists and linguists have often noted the careful sequencing of speaking turns in Western courts, and have posited that overlapping speech in legal contexts is dysfunctional and obstructs the proceedings. Data from panchayats (councils) in India and among Indians in Fiji indicate that these functional arguments may be unfounded when, as in most legal cases, the task at hand is not one of fact-finding, but rather of the normative evaluati…
Excommunication as Everyday Event and Ultimate Sanction
The standard view of excommunication as severe, unusual punishment in India is shown to be inaccurate regarding a caste in Maharashtra. An alternative concept, centering on suspension from caste as an inevitable response to the pollution always incurred with any violation of caste rules, fits the particular caste in question and also fits the published descriptions of outcasting as well as or better than the standard view. By applying the alterna…
Popular Use of Yugoslav Labor Courts and the Contradiction of Social Courts
A basic tenet of communist legal theory is that the judicial function should be socialized, that is, executed by laymen rather than by professional judges. Social courts have been created in all of the Eastern European socialist countries to fulfill this mandate. However, the little empirical evidence available on the use of these courts indicates that they are rarely used voluntarily by individuals, but rather are primarily instruments of state …
Questions of Validity and Drawing Conclusions from Simulation Studies in Procedural Justice
Pauline Houlden's article explores an often neglected aspect of plea bargaining-the defendant's role in, and perception of, the process. It is a valuable contribution to the plea bargaining literature. Her findings should certainly be considered, along with those of studies using different methodological approaches to similar problems (e.g., Heinz and Kerstetter, 1979; Arcuri, 1975), by anyone interested in modification of the plea bargaining sys…
Balancing Discussion of Jasenovac and the Manipulation of History
The Iconostasis in the Republican Mosque
In this paper we focus on the Republican Mosque in Derinkuyu, Turkey, a Greek Orthodox church built in 1859 and transformed into a mosque in 1949 that still exhibits many obviously Christian structural features not found in most such converted churches. We utilize the concept of religioscape , defined as the distribution in spaces through time of the physical manifestations of specific religious traditions and of the populations that build them, …
Self-Othering
If ethnography is a literary form, can fiction also serve its purposes equally well? Comparison of the analyses of Serbian culture in the 1990s in the two scholarly studies and the novel reviewed here brings this question to the fore. The authors are Belgrade natives who left for North America in the 1980s and write in English for an American audience. They are, thus, externalized insiders. All exoticize their native land, reproducing Orientalist…
Intersecting Religioscapes and Antagonistic Tolerance
This article analyses patterns of competition between religious groups in urban settings, and empirical indicators of the dominance of one religious community over another, utilising the theoretical model of ‘Antagonistic Tolerance’, or competitive sharing of space. The key analytical concept used is ‘religioscapes’: the distribution in spaces through time of the physical manifestations of specific religious traditions and of the populations that…
What's Reconciliation Got to do With It? The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Icty) as Antiwar Profiteer
This article argues that the actions and activities of the ICTY have not been beneficial to achieving reconciliation or stability in the Balkans, but to the contrary are part of the reason that parts of the region have remained unstable. This result should not be unexpected as there is very little evidence, if indeed any, that indicates that protracted tribunals like the ICTY (and unlike, therefore, Nuremberg), have ever had, or even could have, …
"Genocide Denial" Laws as Secular Heresy
Heresy" is developed here as an analytical term for the criminalization of speech questioning the basic tenets of a belief system, such as internal criticisms of state socialism or denial of the applicability of the termgenocideto some mass crimes in a European Union that purports to make central the protection of human rights. European legislation to criminalize "genocide denial" is critiqued through a close analysis of international legal decis…
The Tactical Uses of Passion on Bosnia
Cultural Context and the Impact of Traffic Safety Legislation
In 1985, laws mandating the wearing of automobile seatbelts went into effect in Illinois and in Yugoslavia. Although the form of the legislation was similar in both jurisdictions, the public response to the laws was very different in the two societies. In Illinois, there was public opposition, a protracted legal challenge to the law, and minimal enforcement by the police. In Yugoslavia, there was no public or legal challenge to the law yet strict…
Postmortem on a Stillborn Census
The 2013 census in Bosnia and Herzegovina produced two competing official results, each exclusively valid in half the country, which is constitutionally an ethno-political consociation. An International Monitoring Operation inadvertently contributed to a breakdown of agreements among the three government statistical agencies conducting the census. Neither result shows with reasonable certainty how many of the enumerated were actually residents, b…
The Continuing Reinvention of the Square Wheel
Neither the Dayton constitution nor the two Butmir draft constitutions will work in Bosnia or any other multiethnic country. None of them is a serious effort to address the problem of creating a state when two of the three nations comprising the country reject the imposition of its authority upon them. Until this problem is faced directly, international interveners face a nearly impossible task
Inaccurate data, spurious issues and editorial failure in Cushman's 'Anthropology and Genocide in the Balkans
Questions of Validity and Drawing Conclusions from Simulation Studies in Procedural Justice
Pauline Houlden's article explores an often neglected aspect of plea bargaining-the defendant's role in, and perception of, the process. It is a valuable contribution to the plea bargaining literature. Her findings should certainly be considered, along with those of studies using different methodological approaches to similar problems (e.g., Heinz and Kerstetter, 1979; Arcuri, 1975), by anyone interested in modification of the plea bargaining sys…
Excommunication as Everyday Event and Ultimate Sanction
The standard view of excommunication as severe, unusual punishment in India is shown to be inaccurate regarding a caste in Maharashtra. An alternative concept, centering on suspension from caste as an inevitable response to the pollution always incurred with any violation of caste rules, fits the particular caste in question and also fits the published descriptions of outcasting as well as or better than the standard view. By applying the alterna…
A Note on Caste Panchayats and Government Courts in India
General/Theoretical
Social control, structure and practice
Black, Donald, ed. Toward A General Theory of Social Control. Volume 1: Fundamentals. New York: Academic Press, 1984. xvi + 363 pp. including author and subject indexes, bibliographies, list of contributors. $45.00 cloth. Black, Donald, ed. Toward A General Theory of Social Control. Volume 2: Selected Problems. New York: Academic Press, 1984. x + 310 pp. including author and subject indexes, bibliographies, list of contributors. S39.50 cloth
Cultural/Ethnology
Social/Cultural Anthropology
Galanter Symposium Introduction
Popular Use of Yugoslav Labor Courts and the Contradiction of Social Courts
A basic tenet of communist legal theory is that the judicial function should be socialized, that is, executed by laymen rather than by professional judges. Social courts have been created in all of the Eastern European socialist countries to fulfill this mandate. However, the little empirical evidence available on the use of these courts indicates that they are rarely used voluntarily by individuals, but rather are primarily instruments of state …
Conflict and Compromise
The Ideology of Popular Justice in Sri Lanka
Turn-Taking, Overlap, and the Task at Hand
Anthropologists and linguists have often noted the careful sequencing of speaking turns in Western courts, and have posited that overlapping speech in legal contexts is dysfunctional and obstructs the proceedings. Data from panchayats (councils) in India and among Indians in Fiji indicate that these functional arguments may be unfounded when, as in most legal cases, the task at hand is not one of fact-finding, but rather of the normative evaluati…
Robert Hayden Papers
Journal Article Robert Hayden Papers (National Bahá'í Archives, Wilmette, Illinois) Get access Susan M. Hartmann, Susan M. Hartmann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Wigdor David Wigdor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 76, Issue 1, June 1989, Page 170, https://doi.org/10.2307/1908353 Published: 01 June 1989
Using a Microscope to Scan the Horizon
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Cultural Context and the Impact of Traffic Safety Legislation
In 1985, laws mandating the wearing of automobile seatbelts went into effect in Illinois and in Yugoslavia. Although the form of the legislation was similar in both jurisdictions, the public response to the laws was very different in the two societies. In Illinois, there was public opposition, a protracted legal challenge to the law, and minimal enforcement by the police. In Yugoslavia, there was no public or legal challenge to the law yet strict…
Neocontract Polemics and Unconscionable Scholarship
Rules versus Relationships
Balancing Discussion of Jasenovac and the Manipulation of History
Social Courts in Theory and Practice
"Orientalist Variations on the Theme "Balkans
At first we were confused. The East thought that we were West, while the West considered us to be East. Some of us misunderstood our place in this clash of currents, so they cried that we belong to neither side, and others that we belong exclusively to one side or the other. But I tell you, Irinej, we are doomed by fate to be the East on the West, and the West on the East, to acknowledge only heavenly Jerusalem beyond us, and here on earth-no one…
Constitutional Nationalism in the Formerly Yugoslav Republics
The results of the first free elections in Yugoslavia since World War II, held in 1990, set the stage for the civil war that broke out in summer and fall 1991. In those elections, strongly nationalist parties or coalitions won in each of the republics. In Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and to some extent in Macedonia, nationalists asserted anticommunism in order to bolster their appeal and their legitimacy internationally, while the new So…
Notes and Comments
Somatic, cognitive and emotional characteristics of abused children in a psychiatric hospital
When Woodchips Become Shrapnel
When Woodchips Become Shrapnel
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Sociology (55 obras) · Political science (51 obras) · Law (42 obras) · Law (37 obras) · Balkans: History, Politics, Society (26 obras) · History (20 obras) · History (18 obras) · Philosophy (16 obras) · Philosophy (15 obras) · Politics (15 obras)