Yohsuke Ohtsubo
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 80475 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Yohsuke Ohtsubo |
| PRENOMES | Yohsuke |
| SOBRENOME | Ohtsubo |
| ASSINATURA | OHTSUBO Y |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Kobe University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2074-0244 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 80 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 50 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1997 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
A qualitative approach to understanding grudge holding, hurt, and anger in cultural contexts.
Dishonesty of cheap reputation signaling in indirect reciprocity
In systems of indirect reciprocity, it is important to be seen as a good person. People tend to signal their cooperative intentions after having behaved in an ostensibly uncooperative manner—refusing to help a bad person (justified defection) or accidentally defecting when they intended to cooperate (implementation error). According to a model of reputation signaling in the context of indirect reciprocity, the honesty of reputation signals is not…
Do People Get the Friends They Want? A Cross‐Cultural Investigation
People desire friends who have qualities such as similarity, the ability to provide support, opportunities for socialisation, assistance in achieving self-serving goals and access to potential mates. In the current study, we aimed to examine the degree of overlap between the friends people consider ideal and those they actually have. Using a sample of 6224 participants from 12 countries, we found that, across five dimensions of friendship, ideal …
The effects of anonymity in volunteer's dilemmas
The International Work Addiction Scale (Iwas)
Preferences for Closeness and Endurance in Friendship
Friendships vary in closeness and endurance: Some friendships are closer while others are more casual; some are more enduring while others last only as long as they are convenient. The present study examined friendship preferences in these dimensions. Using data from a cross-cultural sample ( N = 6224) taken from 12 countries, we found that the vast majority of participants preferred a combination of close and casual friendships, with a preferenc…
Experimental evidence that people consider transgressors' exploitation risk when deciding to forgive
On an adaptationist view of forgiveness, people's decisions to forgive transgressors are coordinated by a psychological system that estimates (a) the likely benefits of a restored relationship with the transgressor (called relationship value) and (b) the risk that the transgressor will impose additional harm in the future (called exploitation risk). Correlational evidence supports these claims, but experimental evidence is limited. Here, we used …
Men's but not women's risk proneness in early adulthood is associated with lifetime reproductive success
Two studies were conducted in Japan (Study 1) and the US (Study 2) to test whether sexual selection acts on risk proneness in modern environments. Participants aged 45 to 55 years (total N = 2887) reported their risk proneness in early adulthood (20s to 30s) and the number of children they had. In both studies, the number of children was significantly correlated with risk proneness in early adulthood only among men. Although men's correlation was…
Strategies for becoming a more desirable mate
The current research aimed to study the strategies that people employ in order to become more desirable as mates in different cultural settings. More specifically, using a closed‐ended questionnaire on a sample of 7181 participants from 14 different countries, we identified 10 different strategies that people employ to become more appealing as mates. Participants indicated that they had more frequently used the “Enhance looks,” followed by the “S…
Do reconciliation events serve as a conciliatory signal
A set of four vignette studies (total N = 1600) examined whether voluntariness, novelty, vulnerability and irrevocability of reconciliation events serve as conciliatory signals that communicate serious intentions for improved relations. Studies 1 and 2 manipulated the presence of the four factors in the reconciliation event initiated by the political leader of a country in a relatively disadvantageous (Study 1) or advantageous (Study 2) position.…
Perceptions of relationship value and exploitation risk mediate the effects of transgressors' post-harm communications upon forgiveness
Principles of adaptive design suggest that the decision-making systems tasked with regulating a victim's behavior in the wake of interpersonal harm should modulate forgiveness based at least in part on perceptions of the transgressor's relationship value and exploitation risk. We extended this framework with three experiments that tested whether conciliatory and antagonistic gestures influence forgiveness by altering these perceptions. We used an…
Cultural Differences in the Perception of Daily Stress Between European Canadian and Japanese Undergraduate Students
The current research examines cross-cultural differences in people’s daily stress experiences and the role of social orientations in explaining their experiences. Using a situation sampling method, Study 1 collected European Canadian and Japanese undergraduates’ examples of stressful interpersonal and non-interpersonal situations they experienced, measuring participants’ perception of the intensity and frequency of each type of situation. Studies…
The Association between ideology and resistance to governmental apology depends on political knowledge
This study examines the relationship between ideology and resistance to the government's apology to Asian victims of Japan's colonial rule policy, which varies according to political knowledge. Based on existing research, because only a limited percentage of voters consider politics to be ideology based, it is expected that the association between ideology and resistance to intergroup apologies by one's own government differs according to their l…
National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during …
Serotonin Receptor ( HTR2A ) Gene Polymorphism Modulates Social Sharing of Happiness in Both American and Japanese Adults
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor gene ( HTR2A rs6311 guanine [G] vs. adenine [A]) appears associated with positive emotional contagion (social sharing of happiness) in Japanese people. However, it remains unknown whether the HTR2A polymorphism also impacts the social sharing of happiness in Western cultures. The present study thus compared 207 Japanese university students and 200 American adults (including non‐student…
Test of the Serotonin Transporter Gene × Early Life Stress Interaction Effect on Subjective Well‐Being and Loneliness Among Japanese Young Adults
This study investigated whether aspects of early life environment (quality of parental relationship, frequency of parental violence including disciplinary violence, amount of parental attention, and family income during childhood) would affect one's subjective well‐being and loneliness later in life (i.e., during young adulthood). This study also investigated whether the negative influence of early life stress is greater among individuals with th…
Culture and Stress Coping
People's daily stress experiences differ across cultures. The current study examined how people cope with daily stress by applying primary and secondary control coping and how people change their strategies across situations (actual vs. ideal situations). European Canadians ( n = 100), East Asian Canadians ( n = 98), and the Japanese ( n = 103) read 40 stress scenarios and judged their endorsement of stress coping strategies based on their actual…
Crafting international apologies that work
Apologies by political leaders to the citizens of a victimized country have attracted attention in recent years as a means of improving relations between nations. Existing studies have identified several elements that make such an apology effective, but from the politician's point of view, it is difficult to issue a statement containing all these elements, and they must then be chosen while considering domestic backlash and relations with countri…
Can impulsivity evolve in response to childhood environmental harshness
Previous studies have suggested that human impulsivity is an adaptive response to childhood environmental harshness: individuals from families of low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to be more impulsive. However, no studies have tested the evolvability of this reaction norm. This study examined whether (a) impulsivity is associated with higher fitness among individuals from low SES families, while (b) it is associated with lower fitness among ind…
Effects of Cost and Benefit of Prosocial Behavior on Reputation
Prosocial behavior consists of a cost to the actor and a benefit of others. Previous studies have shown that prosocial actors generally receive positive social evaluations from observers. However, it is unknown how each component of prosocial behavior (i.e., cost and benefit) influences the two dimensions of person perception (i.e., warmth and competence). Thus, three studies investigated the independent effects of cost and benefit on the perceiv…
Group‐based shame, guilt, and regret across cultures
To date, there has been no systematic examination of cross‐cultural differences in group‐based shame, guilt, and regret following wrongdoing. Using a community sample ( N = 1358), we examined people's reported experiences of shame, guilt, and regret following transgressions by themselves and by different identity groups (i.e., family, community, country) in Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, the Netherlands, Poland, and the Unite…
Reasons of Singles for Being Single
The current research aimed to examine the reasons people are single, that is, not in an intimate relationship, across eight different countries—Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, India, Japan, and the UK. We asked a large cross-cultural sample of single participants ( N = 6,822) to rate 92 different possible reasons for being single. These reasons were classified into 12 factors, including one’s perceived inability to find the right …
Perceived goal instrumentality is associated with forgiveness
When and Why Do Third Parties Punish Outside of the Lab? A Cross-Cultural Recall Study
Punishment can reform uncooperative behavior and hence could have contributed to humans’ ability to live in large-scale societies. Punishment by unaffected third parties has received extensive scientific scrutiny because third parties punish transgressors in laboratory experiments on behalf of strangers that they will never interact with again. Often overlooked in this research are interactions involving people who are not strangers, which consti…
Resistance to the six elements of political apologies
Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence
Social influence in consensus formation was examined using a notion of sociocognitive network. Given the robustness of shared information in determining group decisions, the authors propose the concept of a sociocognitive network that captures the degree of members' knowledge-sharing prior to group interaction. A link connecting a given pair of members represents the amount of information that the pair shares before interaction. As in a regular s…
Are costly apologies universally perceived as being sincere
After inadvertently committing an interpersonal transgression, an offender might make an effortful apology (e.g. cancelling an important meeting to make an apology as soon as possible). Such costly apologies signal the apologiser's sincere intention to restore the endangered relationship. The present study investigated this costly signalling model of apology across seven countries (Chile, China, Indonesia, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea and …
Costly apology and self-punishment after an unintentional transgression
Making a costly apology or inflicting self-punishment after an unintentional transgression can serve as a costly signal of the transgressor's benign intention. In the present research, after an unintentional transgression (i.e., unequal resource allocation between themselves and a partner), participants were provided with an opportunity to send an apology message to their partner (in Experiments 1 and 2) or to privately deduct some amount from th…
Majority Influence Process in Group Judgment
The purpose of this study is to test Davis’s (1996) Social Judgment Scheme (SJS) model, which was proposed as a predictive model of group decision making with continuous alternatives. The SJS model assumes that individual group members’ influence on the group decision exponentially declines with the distance from other members’ judgments (i.e. majority influence process). Fifty-five 3-person groups engaged in eight group polarization tasks. First…
Forgiveness takes place on an attitudinal continuum from hostility to friendliness
Researchers commonly conceptualize forgiveness as a rich complex of psychological changes involving attitudes, emotions, and behaviors. Psychometric work with the measures developed to capture this conceptual richness, however, often points to a simpler picture of the psychological dimensions in which forgiveness takes place. In an effort to better unite forgiveness theory and measurement, we evaluate several psychometric models for common measur…
The Function of Equality Heuristic in Distributive Bargaining
Crafting international apologies that work
Apologies by political leaders to the citizens of a victimized country have attracted attention in recent years as a means of improving relations between nations. Existing studies have identified several elements that make such an apology effective, but from the politician's point of view, it is difficult to issue a statement containing all these elements, and they must then be chosen while considering domestic backlash and relations with countri…
Effects of group decision rules on decisions involving continuous alternatives
Contrast Effects and Approval Voting
In approval voting, voters indicate all alternatives acceptable to them, instead of indicating their most preferred alternative. This study sought to examine the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, approval voting systematically violates a rationality condition of social choice: the independence of irrelevant alternatives condition. Given a well‐known psychological phenomenon, the contrast effect, it was hypothesized that sets of acceptabl…
Men's but not women's risk proneness in early adulthood is associated with lifetime reproductive success
Two studies were conducted in Japan (Study 1) and the US (Study 2) to test whether sexual selection acts on risk proneness in modern environments. Participants aged 45 to 55 years (total N = 2887) reported their risk proneness in early adulthood (20s to 30s) and the number of children they had. In both studies, the number of children was significantly correlated with risk proneness in early adulthood only among men. Although men's correlation was…
Do reconciliation events serve as a conciliatory signal
A set of four vignette studies (total N = 1600) examined whether voluntariness, novelty, vulnerability and irrevocability of reconciliation events serve as conciliatory signals that communicate serious intentions for improved relations. Studies 1 and 2 manipulated the presence of the four factors in the reconciliation event initiated by the political leader of a country in a relatively disadvantageous (Study 1) or advantageous (Study 2) position.…
The Association between ideology and resistance to governmental apology depends on political knowledge
This study examines the relationship between ideology and resistance to the government's apology to Asian victims of Japan's colonial rule policy, which varies according to political knowledge. Based on existing research, because only a limited percentage of voters consider politics to be ideology based, it is expected that the association between ideology and resistance to intergroup apologies by one's own government differs according to their l…
Group‐based shame, guilt, and regret across cultures
To date, there has been no systematic examination of cross‐cultural differences in group‐based shame, guilt, and regret following wrongdoing. Using a community sample ( N = 1358), we examined people's reported experiences of shame, guilt, and regret following transgressions by themselves and by different identity groups (i.e., family, community, country) in Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, the Netherlands, Poland, and the Unite…
Reasons of Singles for Being Single
The current research aimed to examine the reasons people are single, that is, not in an intimate relationship, across eight different countries—Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, India, Japan, and the UK. We asked a large cross-cultural sample of single participants ( N = 6,822) to rate 92 different possible reasons for being single. These reasons were classified into 12 factors, including one’s perceived inability to find the right …
Resistance to the six elements of political apologies
Does financial compensation need to be accompanied by verbal apologies
In intergroup conflicts, offers of financial compensation may be perceived as insulting by recipient groups and could exacerbate the conflicts. However, some scholars consider that it rather enhances the positive effects of political apologies. To test the effects of offers of apology, compensation, and apology + compensation, this study investigated how Japanese people would react to hypothetical peace deals concerning a real territorial dispute…
Relationship value fosters conciliatory attitudes in international conflicts
Relationship value promotes conciliatory behaviors in interpersonal relationships. This study examined whether the effect of relationship value extends to international conflicts. After experimentally manipulating the relationship value of South Korea, 524 Japanese citizens were asked their attitudes about issues involving South Korea. In the first part of the study, participants were exposed to a list of Japan's top 3 trading partners for 6 diff…
Mutual liking and meta‐perception accuracy
The present study investigated the underlying mechanism yielding a positive correlation between dyad members' mutual liking and meta‐accuracy (i.e., dyad members who like each other tend to be accurate in judging how their partner sees them). Two pilot studies were first conducted to confirm the presence of the positive correlation. The main study was conducted to test several possible explanations for the observed positive correlation. In the ma…
Effects of Status Difference and Group Size in Group Decision Making
The purpose of this study was to empirically test the finding of Ohtsubo, Fujita, and Kameda’s (in press) thought experiment regarding the relation between the high status member’s influence and the number of low status members in the decision-making groups. Against intuition, the thought experiment showed that increasing low status memberswould not necessarily undermine the high status member’s influence. This study had three-,four-, and five-pe…
Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence
Social influence in consensus formation was examined using a notion of sociocognitive network. Given the robustness of shared information in determining group decisions, the authors propose the concept of a sociocognitive network that captures the degree of members' knowledge-sharing prior to group interaction. A link connecting a given pair of members represents the amount of information that the pair shares before interaction. As in a regular s…
The Function of Equality Heuristic in Distributive Bargaining
Majority Influence Process in Group Judgment
The purpose of this study is to test Davis’s (1996) Social Judgment Scheme (SJS) model, which was proposed as a predictive model of group decision making with continuous alternatives. The SJS model assumes that individual group members’ influence on the group decision exponentially declines with the distance from other members’ judgments (i.e. majority influence process). Fifty-five 3-person groups engaged in eight group polarization tasks. First…
Effects of group decision rules on decisions involving continuous alternatives
Contrast Effects and Approval Voting
In approval voting, voters indicate all alternatives acceptable to them, instead of indicating their most preferred alternative. This study sought to examine the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, approval voting systematically violates a rationality condition of social choice: the independence of irrelevant alternatives condition. Given a well‐known psychological phenomenon, the contrast effect, it was hypothesized that sets of acceptabl…
Effects of Status Difference and Group Size in Group Decision Making
The purpose of this study was to empirically test the finding of Ohtsubo, Fujita, and Kameda’s (in press) thought experiment regarding the relation between the high status member’s influence and the number of low status members in the decision-making groups. Against intuition, the thought experiment showed that increasing low status memberswould not necessarily undermine the high status member’s influence. This study had three-,four-, and five-pe…
Perceived intentionality intensifies blameworthiness of negative behaviors
The intensification effect in moral judgment refers to the fact that a behavior elicits more extreme blame or praise when it is intentionally (rather than unintentionally) performed. Two vignette experiments tested the hypothesis that intensification is stronger for blameworthy behaviors than for praiseworthy behaviors. In Study 1 , 40 Japanese participants read 10 brief descriptions of negative or positive behaviors. Participants who attributed …
Japanese Children's Development of False Belief Understanding
Two studies were conducted to examine the Japanese children's false belief understanding. Study 1, a small-scale meta-analysis that included 21 Japanese false belief studies yielding 60 data points, revealed that the Japanese children's false belief understanding develops with age (effect size = 2.48 in odds ratio for 1 year), the Japanese children's performance exceeds the chance level at the age of 64 months, and question type (think vs look-fo…
Test of a Level of Aspiration model of group decision making
Do sincere apologies need to be costly? Test of a costly signaling model of apology
Believability of secondhand social versus ecological information in the presence of contradictory firsthand experience
Believability of\tsecondhand\tsocial\tversus ecological information\tin\tthe\tpresence\tof contradictory firsthand\texperience
Mutual liking and meta‐perception accuracy
The present study investigated the underlying mechanism yielding a positive correlation between dyad members' mutual liking and meta‐accuracy (i.e., dyad members who like each other tend to be accurate in judging how their partner sees them). Two pilot studies were first conducted to confirm the presence of the positive correlation. The main study was conducted to test several possible explanations for the observed positive correlation. In the ma…
Dishonesty invites costly third-party punishment
Praise Is Reciprocated With Tangible Benefits
A recent study in the field of neuroscience showed that a class of symbolic resources (praise) activated the brain’s reward circuitry, which was similarly activated by monetary resources. This result implies that the two distinct classes of resources are mutually exchangeable. The present experiment addressed this possibility by comparing four conditions. Participants in the praise condition received a positive evaluation and decided how much mon…
Costly apology and self-punishment after an unintentional transgression
Making a costly apology or inflicting self-punishment after an unintentional transgression can serve as a costly signal of the transgressor's benign intention. In the present research, after an unintentional transgression (i.e., unequal resource allocation between themselves and a partner), participants were provided with an opportunity to send an apology message to their partner (in Experiments 1 and 2) or to privately deduct some amount from th…
Are costly apologies universally perceived as being sincere
After inadvertently committing an interpersonal transgression, an offender might make an effortful apology (e.g. cancelling an important meeting to make an apology as soon as possible). Such costly apologies signal the apologiser's sincere intention to restore the endangered relationship. The present study investigated this costly signalling model of apology across seven countries (Chile, China, Indonesia, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea and …
It's the attention that counts
Relationship value promotes costly apology-making
Commitment signals in friendship and romantic relationships
Fair-Weather Friends Versus True Friends
Costly apologies communicate conciliatory intention
Relationship value fosters conciliatory attitudes in international conflicts
Relationship value promotes conciliatory behaviors in interpersonal relationships. This study examined whether the effect of relationship value extends to international conflicts. After experimentally manipulating the relationship value of South Korea, 524 Japanese citizens were asked their attitudes about issues involving South Korea. In the first part of the study, participants were exposed to a list of Japan's top 3 trading partners for 6 diff…
Gift-giving in romantic couples serves as a commitment signal
Does financial compensation need to be accompanied by verbal apologies
In intergroup conflicts, offers of financial compensation may be perceived as insulting by recipient groups and could exacerbate the conflicts. However, some scholars consider that it rather enhances the positive effects of political apologies. To test the effects of offers of apology, compensation, and apology + compensation, this study investigated how Japanese people would react to hypothetical peace deals concerning a real territorial dispute…
Perceived goal instrumentality is associated with forgiveness
Psychology (45 obras) · Social Psychology (40 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Developmental psychology (14 obras) · Forgiveness and Related Behaviors (13 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (11 obras) · Law (10 obras) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (9 obras) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (9 obras)