Graeme A Wood
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 81136 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Graeme A Wood |
| PRENOMES | Graeme A |
| SOBRENOME | Wood |
| ASSINATURA | WOOD G A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | RMIT University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1465-3016 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 39 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 185 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Housing as Asset‐Based Welfare in Australia
Housing asset‐based welfare has long been a key component of Australia's social policy. This resonates with a parallel literature identifying a trade‐off between homeownership and the size of nations' welfare states, wherein owner‐occupiers in smaller welfare states tend to come to rely on housing wealth to meet many of their welfare needs, especially in old age. While still important, homeownership's role in old age is beginning to be challenged…
Reply to Comments on the Edges of Owner Occupation versus Rentier Capitalism
Geographic Reference Income and the Subjective Wellbeing of Australians
Residential mobility and mental health
We examine the extent to which residential relocation within and between tenure types is associated with changes in mental health. We focus on four types of housing transition - rent-to-own, own-to-rent, own-to-own, and rent-to-rent - using Australian and UK panel data sets from 2001 to 2017. In both countries, transitions into homeownership and moves away from the mortgaged edges toward the unburdened mainstream of outright ownership are positiv…
Housing wealth and aged care
The transition of the baby boomer bulge into old age and their increasing longevity will lift the numbers of elderly in residential aged care. Population ageing and associated fiscal pressures have motivated governments to shift responsibility for the financing of aged care to the individual. We consider policies that include owner-occupiers’ housing wealth and imputed rental incomes in means tests that determine co-contribution charges for resid…
Exploring the many housing elasticities of supply
Housing wealth, mortgages and Australians’ labour force participation in later life
In the life cycle model of consumption and saving, homeownership is an important vehicle for horizontal redistribution. Households accumulate wealth in owner-occupied housing during working lives before benefiting from imputed rent streams in retirement. But in some countries housing wealth’s welfare role has broadened as owners increasingly use flexible mortgages to smooth consumption during working lives. One consequence is higher outstanding m…
Housing and economic inequality in the long run
Finally, after a lengthy hiatus, the empirical facts of economic inequality need no introduction. In a blaze of publicity during a decade or more, the re-polarization of income and wealth across nearly half a century has been widely documented and is substantially uncontested. There is debate on whether incomes have peaked, no doubt that capital is back, and a great deal of speculation on what might happen next. What is surprising is the limited …
Tenure transitions at the edges of ownership
This paper provides an empirical overview of housing tenure transitions in Australia, the UK and the USA during a period of unprecedented economic instability in 2001-2017. Focusing on the neglected theme of episodic homeownership, we profile those who straddle the tenure divide by moving into and out of renting from time to time. Using panel data we model this 'churn' in three jurisdictions, showing that even the dislocation of a global financia…
Ageing and Declining Rates of Home Ownership
This paper combines forecasts of Australia’s population with microsimulation and tenure choice models to generate estimates of housing assistance demand from older Australians in 2031. Our projections suggest that singles retreat from home ownership, while rental tenures become increasingly feminised by 2031 as they turn into the tenures of (constrained) choice for a growing proportion of singles and sole parents. Even if home ownership declines …
Sitting in the waiting room
Homeless persons tend to have poorer health than the broader population, and thus have a greater need for health services. However, due to resource constraints impeding access to health care, and the chaotic nature of living as a homeless person, this most disadvantaged group may face greater difficulties accessing health services. We use an Australian panel survey, Journeys Home, to contrast health service use by people experiencing homelessness…
How do housing and labour markets affect individual homelessness
We examine the impact of housing and labour market conditions on individual risks of homelessness. Our innovation is a focus on homelessness entries, although findings from jointly estimated homelessness entry and exit probit equations are reported. Risky behaviours and life experiences such as regular use of drugs, the experience of violence and biographies of acute disadvantage lead to a higher risk of becoming homeless. Public housing is a str…
Long run urban analysis using property records
This paper demonstrates the contribution that historical property records can make to our understanding of long run urban change. We use a case study of two streets from the suburb of Carlton in Melbourne, Australia between 1870 and 1970. The property records form a panel database that can be interrogated using standard modelling techniques. These data are used to analyse change in the built environment over time, and identify the factors that ma…
Wellbeing at the edges of ownership
The test of a well-functioning housing system is the wellbeing of its occupants. It may therefore seem encouraging that in jurisdictions dominated by mortgage-backed home ownership, owner-occupiers traditionally report better physical and mental health than renters. During the 2000s, however, in an era of financial crisis, wellbeing at the edges of ownership came under strain. Using data from two national panel surveys - the survey of Household, …
Housing Equity Withdrawal
Housing wealth dominates the asset portfolios of the older population in Australia and many other countries. Given the anticipated spike in fiscal costs associated with population ageing, there is growing policy interest in housing equity withdrawal (HEW) to finance living needs in retirement. This paper sheds light on homeowners' perceptions of the obstacles associated with two forms of HEW: mortgage equity withdrawal (where thein situhome owner…
Muharem H. Karamujic
Housing Equity Withdrawal in Australia
In an era of population ageing, the primary home is increasingly viewed as a personal resource that can perform a pension role in retirement. This article assesses the extent to which Australians aged 45 years and over withdraw housing equity through in situ mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW), downsizing and selling up. We find that the incidence of housing equity withdrawal has increased over the last decade despite a global financial crisis. MEW …
Housing older Australians
In Australia and other ‘homeownership societies’ it has been conventional to think of housing pathways in terms of a smooth linear progression, leading to outright ownership in middle age and a retirement buffered by low housing costs. This vision of the welfare role of homeownership is an important buttress of Australian retirement incomes policy. However, this vision has been challenged in recent years as growing numbers of older Australians lo…
Urban Growth Boundaries and their Impact on Land Prices
Undeveloped land transactions at the urban fringe of the Melbourne metropolitan area in Australia are recorded in a dataset that enables exploration of the impact of its urban growth boundary (UGB) on residential land prices. Estimation can take account of a wide range of factors, while controlling for policy anticipation effects and other potential influences on land prices. Modelling estimates indicate that land prices rose substantially inside…
Channels from Housing Wealth to Consumption
This paper uses micro-data from two national panel surveys to analyze the flow of wealth from residential property onto households' balance sheets, where it is available for discretionary spending. The examples are Australia and the UK—two of the world's most entrenched nations of owner occupation, both with relatively complete mortgage markets. We focus on the early 2000s, which set the scene for an unprecedented wave of housing equity withdrawa…
Motivations for Equity Borrowing
During the early 2000s, mortgage market innovation together with home price appreciation increased the scope for mortgage equity withdrawal. From a macroeconomic perspective, this proved to be an important transmission mechanism for the wealth (particularly collateral) effects of housing. Microeconomic accounts of equity borrowing are less well developed, since standard models of savings and consumption rarely take housing wealth into account. Th…
When and Why Do Landlords Retain Property Investments
This paper examines factors influencing Australian landlords’ decisions to retain their rental investments. A variety of statistical techniques are applied to uncover the factors precipitating the exit of landlords from rental housing markets. It is found that middle-aged investors are more attached to rental investments than younger investors. However, once retired, there is a sharp increase in the likelihood of exit from rental investments. The…
The Impact of Housing Assistance on the Employment Outcomes of Labour Market Programme Participants in Australia
This paper examines whether the employment outcomes of Australian labour market programme participants vary according to whether they receive housing assistance. This issue attracted attention when a series of US studies showed that clients of welfare-to-work programmes are more likely to achieve positive employment outcomes if housing assistance is also received. This paper tracks the employment outcomes of labour market programme participants u…
Housing Policy, Housing Assistance and the Wellbeing Dividend
This paper discusses the recent evolution, at a time of turmoil within global financial markets, of Australia's housing system and considers the effectiveness of housing assistance responses formulated to assist lo- income Australians. Following the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), housing was recast in the public and political consciousness and received substantial policy attention. In this era of rapidly declining housing affordability as well as…
Factors Shaping the Dynamics of Housing Affordability in Australia 2001–06
This paper investigates factors shaping the dynamics of housing affordability in Australia over the period 2001–06. Panel model findings indicate that those with children and the unwaged are more prone to persistent housing affordability stress. However, residential moves during spells of housing affordability stress alleviate housing cost burdens. Survival in affordable housing has become progressively more difficult over the 2001–06 timeframe, …
Housing and economic inequality in the long run
Finally, after a lengthy hiatus, the empirical facts of economic inequality need no introduction. In a blaze of publicity during a decade or more, the re-polarization of income and wealth across nearly half a century has been widely documented and is substantially uncontested. There is debate on whether incomes have peaked, no doubt that capital is back, and a great deal of speculation on what might happen next. What is surprising is the limited …
Channels from Housing Wealth to Consumption
This paper uses micro-data from two national panel surveys to analyze the flow of wealth from residential property onto households' balance sheets, where it is available for discretionary spending. The examples are Australia and the UK—two of the world's most entrenched nations of owner occupation, both with relatively complete mortgage markets. We focus on the early 2000s, which set the scene for an unprecedented wave of housing equity withdrawa…
Motivations for Equity Borrowing
During the early 2000s, mortgage market innovation together with home price appreciation increased the scope for mortgage equity withdrawal. From a macroeconomic perspective, this proved to be an important transmission mechanism for the wealth (particularly collateral) effects of housing. Microeconomic accounts of equity borrowing are less well developed, since standard models of savings and consumption rarely take housing wealth into account. Th…
Leaving the parental home in Australia over the generations
How do housing and labour markets affect individual homelessness
We examine the impact of housing and labour market conditions on individual risks of homelessness. Our innovation is a focus on homelessness entries, although findings from jointly estimated homelessness entry and exit probit equations are reported. Risky behaviours and life experiences such as regular use of drugs, the experience of violence and biographies of acute disadvantage lead to a higher risk of becoming homeless. Public housing is a str…
Urban Growth Boundaries and their Impact on Land Prices
Undeveloped land transactions at the urban fringe of the Melbourne metropolitan area in Australia are recorded in a dataset that enables exploration of the impact of its urban growth boundary (UGB) on residential land prices. Estimation can take account of a wide range of factors, while controlling for policy anticipation effects and other potential influences on land prices. Modelling estimates indicate that land prices rose substantially inside…
Housing Policy, Housing Assistance and the Wellbeing Dividend
This paper discusses the recent evolution, at a time of turmoil within global financial markets, of Australia's housing system and considers the effectiveness of housing assistance responses formulated to assist lo- income Australians. Following the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), housing was recast in the public and political consciousness and received substantial policy attention. In this era of rapidly declining housing affordability as well as…
Factors Shaping the Dynamics of Housing Affordability in Australia 2001–06
This paper investigates factors shaping the dynamics of housing affordability in Australia over the period 2001–06. Panel model findings indicate that those with children and the unwaged are more prone to persistent housing affordability stress. However, residential moves during spells of housing affordability stress alleviate housing cost burdens. Survival in affordable housing has become progressively more difficult over the 2001–06 timeframe, …
Housing older Australians
In Australia and other ‘homeownership societies’ it has been conventional to think of housing pathways in terms of a smooth linear progression, leading to outright ownership in middle age and a retirement buffered by low housing costs. This vision of the welfare role of homeownership is an important buttress of Australian retirement incomes policy. However, this vision has been challenged in recent years as growing numbers of older Australians lo…
Housing Equity Withdrawal
Housing wealth dominates the asset portfolios of the older population in Australia and many other countries. Given the anticipated spike in fiscal costs associated with population ageing, there is growing policy interest in housing equity withdrawal (HEW) to finance living needs in retirement. This paper sheds light on homeowners' perceptions of the obstacles associated with two forms of HEW: mortgage equity withdrawal (where thein situhome owner…
When and Why Do Landlords Retain Property Investments
This paper examines factors influencing Australian landlords’ decisions to retain their rental investments. A variety of statistical techniques are applied to uncover the factors precipitating the exit of landlords from rental housing markets. It is found that middle-aged investors are more attached to rental investments than younger investors. However, once retired, there is a sharp increase in the likelihood of exit from rental investments. The…
Wellbeing at the edges of ownership
The test of a well-functioning housing system is the wellbeing of its occupants. It may therefore seem encouraging that in jurisdictions dominated by mortgage-backed home ownership, owner-occupiers traditionally report better physical and mental health than renters. During the 2000s, however, in an era of financial crisis, wellbeing at the edges of ownership came under strain. Using data from two national panel surveys - the survey of Household, …
Housing Equity Withdrawal in Australia
In an era of population ageing, the primary home is increasingly viewed as a personal resource that can perform a pension role in retirement. This article assesses the extent to which Australians aged 45 years and over withdraw housing equity through in situ mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW), downsizing and selling up. We find that the incidence of housing equity withdrawal has increased over the last decade despite a global financial crisis. MEW …
The Long-run Decline in Employment Participation for Australian Public Housing Tenants
In the 20 years from 1982 to 2002, the proportion of Australian public housing tenants in employment has fallen markedly relative to Australians living in other housing tenures. This paper explores the potential causes of this trend and their policy implications. For male public renters, the declining employment participation rate can be accounted for by closer targeting of public housing to the most disadvantaged in the labour market and blunter…
The application of biomechanical motion analysis to aspects of green monkey ( Cercopithecus a. sabaeus ) locomotion
A cinematographic method of biomechanical motion analysis is presented which permits the determination of body segment forces and joint moments of force, and thereby dominant muscle action. An analysis of the horizontal leap of Cercopithecus is used as an example of the utility of this approach in the area of functional morphology. Kinematic and kinetic data are presented and discussed in terms of the biomechanical requirements of this form of lo…
Housing wealth and aged care
The transition of the baby boomer bulge into old age and their increasing longevity will lift the numbers of elderly in residential aged care. Population ageing and associated fiscal pressures have motivated governments to shift responsibility for the financing of aged care to the individual. We consider policies that include owner-occupiers’ housing wealth and imputed rental incomes in means tests that determine co-contribution charges for resid…
Tenure transitions at the edges of ownership
This paper provides an empirical overview of housing tenure transitions in Australia, the UK and the USA during a period of unprecedented economic instability in 2001-2017. Focusing on the neglected theme of episodic homeownership, we profile those who straddle the tenure divide by moving into and out of renting from time to time. Using panel data we model this 'churn' in three jurisdictions, showing that even the dislocation of a global financia…
The Impact of Housing Assistance on the Employment Outcomes of Labour Market Programme Participants in Australia
This paper examines whether the employment outcomes of Australian labour market programme participants vary according to whether they receive housing assistance. This issue attracted attention when a series of US studies showed that clients of welfare-to-work programmes are more likely to achieve positive employment outcomes if housing assistance is also received. This paper tracks the employment outcomes of labour market programme participants u…
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Programme Impacts on Housing Affordability in Australia
Growing concern about a lack of rental housing affordable to low-income Australian households has prompted consideration of possible policy interventions. This paper estimates the potential housing market impacts of a tax credit targeted on rental housing affordable to low-income Australian households. The study finds that existing landlords in low-income rental housing benefit from a one-third or more reduction in their effective tax burdens. If…
The Taxation of Australian Landlords
The tax treatment of housing can have important implications for the relative attractiveness of investment in housing. The tax regime for private landlords in Britain appears to be less favourable than in many other advanced welfare states, including Australia, where negative gearing is commonly cited as a tax preference encouraging investment in rental housing. If private landlords in Britain are tax disadvantaged compared with their Australian …
Financial Deregulation and Access to Home Ownership in Australia
Since the deregulation of Australian Housing Finance interest rates in early 1986 the market has determined the rate prospective home buyers must meet for their loans. Deregulation has brought higher interest rates and considerable public discussion concerning the plight of home buyers and these interest rate rises. The paper analyses post-1985 interest rate, house price and incomes data from six capital cities, and computes movements in the depo…
Housing Finance and Subsidy Systems in Australia
Housing Tax Expenditures in OECD Countries
Housing taxation expenditures are an important source of housing subsidies in most OECD countries. In this paper, we identify the impacts which housing taxation expenditures can have on macroeconomic performance, allocative efficiency and equity. There is considerable concern about the adverse nature of many of these impacts. In view of this concern tenure neutral reform proposals are subjected to critical scrutiny and the reform measures recentl…
Vacancy rates and low-rent housing
Long run urban analysis using property records
This paper demonstrates the contribution that historical property records can make to our understanding of long run urban change. We use a case study of two streets from the suburb of Carlton in Melbourne, Australia between 1870 and 1970. The property records form a panel database that can be interrogated using standard modelling techniques. These data are used to analyse change in the built environment over time, and identify the factors that ma…
The application of biomechanical motion analysis to aspects of green monkey ( Cercopithecus a. sabaeus ) locomotion
A cinematographic method of biomechanical motion analysis is presented which permits the determination of body segment forces and joint moments of force, and thereby dominant muscle action. An analysis of the horizontal leap of Cercopithecus is used as an example of the utility of this approach in the area of functional morphology. Kinematic and kinetic data are presented and discussed in terms of the biomechanical requirements of this form of lo…
The vertical leap ofCercopithecus aethiops sabaeus
Human kinesiology
This paper discusses kinesiological aspects of human locomotion in terms of the incomplete morphological adaptation of the body to current lifestyles. Modern instrumentation used for biomechanical analyses is outlined for the most part in the context of human running. Investigations of spatiotemporal and segmental measures by electronic walkways, photography, optoelectronics and angle-angle diagrams are referred to, as is electromyography and dir…
Housing Tax Expenditures in OECD Countries
Housing taxation expenditures are an important source of housing subsidies in most OECD countries. In this paper, we identify the impacts which housing taxation expenditures can have on macroeconomic performance, allocative efficiency and equity. There is considerable concern about the adverse nature of many of these impacts. In view of this concern tenure neutral reform proposals are subjected to critical scrutiny and the reform measures recentl…
Financial Deregulation and Access to Home Ownership in Australia
Since the deregulation of Australian Housing Finance interest rates in early 1986 the market has determined the rate prospective home buyers must meet for their loans. Deregulation has brought higher interest rates and considerable public discussion concerning the plight of home buyers and these interest rate rises. The paper analyses post-1985 interest rate, house price and incomes data from six capital cities, and computes movements in the depo…
The Tax Treatment of Housing
Housing Finance and Subsidy Systems in Australia
Financial Deregulation and Access to Home Ownership in Australia
Home-owner Residential Property Taxes and their Burden on Net Personal Wealth
Domestic residential property taxes can be viewed as a substitute for a tax on personal wealth. This paper measures the formal distributional characteristics of residential property taxes in Australia with respect to the net wealth of home-owners, and the net wealth of all households in the personal sector. Net wealth is estimated by a combination of investment income and survey methods. The study emphasises three major findings. First, on contro…
The Taxation of Australian Landlords
The tax treatment of housing can have important implications for the relative attractiveness of investment in housing. The tax regime for private landlords in Britain appears to be less favourable than in many other advanced welfare states, including Australia, where negative gearing is commonly cited as a tax preference encouraging investment in rental housing. If private landlords in Britain are tax disadvantaged compared with their Australian …
Vacancy rates and low-rent housing
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Programme Impacts on Housing Affordability in Australia
Growing concern about a lack of rental housing affordable to low-income Australian households has prompted consideration of possible policy interventions. This paper estimates the potential housing market impacts of a tax credit targeted on rental housing affordable to low-income Australian households. The study finds that existing landlords in low-income rental housing benefit from a one-third or more reduction in their effective tax burdens. If…
Leaving the parental home in Australia over the generations
The Long-run Decline in Employment Participation for Australian Public Housing Tenants
In the 20 years from 1982 to 2002, the proportion of Australian public housing tenants in employment has fallen markedly relative to Australians living in other housing tenures. This paper explores the potential causes of this trend and their policy implications. For male public renters, the declining employment participation rate can be accounted for by closer targeting of public housing to the most disadvantaged in the labour market and blunter…
Housing Policy, Housing Assistance and the Wellbeing Dividend
This paper discusses the recent evolution, at a time of turmoil within global financial markets, of Australia's housing system and considers the effectiveness of housing assistance responses formulated to assist lo- income Australians. Following the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), housing was recast in the public and political consciousness and received substantial policy attention. In this era of rapidly declining housing affordability as well as…
Factors Shaping the Dynamics of Housing Affordability in Australia 2001–06
This paper investigates factors shaping the dynamics of housing affordability in Australia over the period 2001–06. Panel model findings indicate that those with children and the unwaged are more prone to persistent housing affordability stress. However, residential moves during spells of housing affordability stress alleviate housing cost burdens. Survival in affordable housing has become progressively more difficult over the 2001–06 timeframe, …
The Impact of Housing Assistance on the Employment Outcomes of Labour Market Programme Participants in Australia
This paper examines whether the employment outcomes of Australian labour market programme participants vary according to whether they receive housing assistance. This issue attracted attention when a series of US studies showed that clients of welfare-to-work programmes are more likely to achieve positive employment outcomes if housing assistance is also received. This paper tracks the employment outcomes of labour market programme participants u…
Channels from Housing Wealth to Consumption
This paper uses micro-data from two national panel surveys to analyze the flow of wealth from residential property onto households' balance sheets, where it is available for discretionary spending. The examples are Australia and the UK—two of the world's most entrenched nations of owner occupation, both with relatively complete mortgage markets. We focus on the early 2000s, which set the scene for an unprecedented wave of housing equity withdrawa…
Motivations for Equity Borrowing
During the early 2000s, mortgage market innovation together with home price appreciation increased the scope for mortgage equity withdrawal. From a macroeconomic perspective, this proved to be an important transmission mechanism for the wealth (particularly collateral) effects of housing. Microeconomic accounts of equity borrowing are less well developed, since standard models of savings and consumption rarely take housing wealth into account. Th…
When and Why Do Landlords Retain Property Investments
This paper examines factors influencing Australian landlords’ decisions to retain their rental investments. A variety of statistical techniques are applied to uncover the factors precipitating the exit of landlords from rental housing markets. It is found that middle-aged investors are more attached to rental investments than younger investors. However, once retired, there is a sharp increase in the likelihood of exit from rental investments. The…
Urban Growth Boundaries and their Impact on Land Prices
Undeveloped land transactions at the urban fringe of the Melbourne metropolitan area in Australia are recorded in a dataset that enables exploration of the impact of its urban growth boundary (UGB) on residential land prices. Estimation can take account of a wide range of factors, while controlling for policy anticipation effects and other potential influences on land prices. Modelling estimates indicate that land prices rose substantially inside…
Housing Equity Withdrawal in Australia
In an era of population ageing, the primary home is increasingly viewed as a personal resource that can perform a pension role in retirement. This article assesses the extent to which Australians aged 45 years and over withdraw housing equity through in situ mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW), downsizing and selling up. We find that the incidence of housing equity withdrawal has increased over the last decade despite a global financial crisis. MEW …
Housing older Australians
In Australia and other ‘homeownership societies’ it has been conventional to think of housing pathways in terms of a smooth linear progression, leading to outright ownership in middle age and a retirement buffered by low housing costs. This vision of the welfare role of homeownership is an important buttress of Australian retirement incomes policy. However, this vision has been challenged in recent years as growing numbers of older Australians lo…
Muharem H. Karamujic
Wellbeing at the edges of ownership
The test of a well-functioning housing system is the wellbeing of its occupants. It may therefore seem encouraging that in jurisdictions dominated by mortgage-backed home ownership, owner-occupiers traditionally report better physical and mental health than renters. During the 2000s, however, in an era of financial crisis, wellbeing at the edges of ownership came under strain. Using data from two national panel surveys - the survey of Household, …
Economics (31 obras) · Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism (27 obras) · Housing Market and Economics (25 obras) · Business (22 obras) · Labour economics (18 obras) · Demographic economics (15 obras) · Finance (14 obras) · Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis (12 obras) · Market economy (12 obras) · Political science (11 obras)