Stephen J Read
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 81465 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Stephen J Read |
| PRENOMES | Stephen J |
| SOBRENOME | Read |
| ASSINATURA | READ S J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Southern California |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4562-7248 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 593 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1974 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Toward a General Framework of Biased Reasoning
A considerable amount of experimental research has been devoted to uncovering biased forms of reasoning. Notwithstanding the richness and overall empirical soundness of the bias research, the field can be described as disjointed, incomplete, and undertheorized. In this article, we seek to address this disconnect by offering “coherence-based reasoning” as a parsimonious theoretical framework that explains a sizable number of important deviations f…
Development of a multivariate prediction model for antidepressant resistant depression using reward-related predictors
Non-responders displayed 3 distinct symptom profiles along internalizing dimensions of anxiety, anhedonia, motivation, and cognitive function. Results should be replicated in a prospective cohort sample for predictive validity; however, this study demonstrates validity for using a limited anhedonia and internalizing self-report instrument for distinguishing between antidepressant resistant and responsive depression profiles
Behavioral regulation relies on interacting forces and predictive models
OBJECTIVE: We discuss how our recent neural network model of personality and motivation can explain many aspects of the regulation of behavior. METHOD: Contrary to approaches that focus on a goal-corrected, set-point, and discrepancy-reducing mechanism, we argue that many aspects of regulation can be understood in terms of two other mechanisms. First, many aspects of the stability and coherence of personality, as well as the dynamics of personali…
Prevention focus and conscientiousness drive accurate responding in stimulus detection
Accurate stimulus classification is an important component of decision-making. This study investigated the combined effect of the Five Factor Model with Regulatory Focus personality traits on signal detection in a go/no-go paradigm. Conscientiousness factor analyzed into 2 components: c-perseverance and c-organization. C-perseverance correlated with both prevention and promotion factors while c-organization only correlated with prevention. Preven…
Adolescent normative beliefs about aggression mediate the association between fathers’ psychological control in adolescence and physical aggression in emerging adulthood
We examined whether adolescent normative beliefs about aggression (NBA) functioned as a mechanism through which parental psychological control (PPC) predicted physical aggression in emerging adulthood via secondary data analyses with the Child Development Project (Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 1990) longitudinal data. Fathers' psychological control (fPC) that adolescents reported at age 13 predicted NBA at age 16, which then predicted their aggression …
Parental psychological control perceived in adolescence predicts jealousy toward romantic partners in emerging adulthood via insecure attachment
Parental psychological control (PPC)'s association with romantic relationships and the mechanisms through which PPC impairs relationship qualities remain crucial questions to understanding PPC. To this end, we examine if insecure attachment at age 18 mediated the association between PPC perceived at age 16 and jealousy at age 22. Our results showed that PPC perceived at age 16 predicted attachment anxiety at age 18, which then predicted jealousy …
The adversarial mindset
Many social outcomes are reached by means of competitions between opposing actors. While the positive effects of competition are beyond dispute, this paper contends that competitive situations also trigger a particular psychological mindset that can distort contestants’ judgment and lead to suboptimal courses of action. The paper presents a theoretical framework that consists of a myside bias, by which people adopt a self-serving view of the comp…
Self‐concept as a mechanism through which parental psychological control impairs empathy development from adolescence to emerging adulthood
We examined the relationship among perceived parental psychological control (PPC), self‐concept, and empathy, from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Child Development Project longitudinal data analyses indicate that, when adolescents notice PPC at age 13, they have poor self‐concept (less competence) at age 16, and they show less empathic concern (EC) toward others at age 24. The indirect effects of self‐concept at age 16 are significant for EC,…
Perceived parental psychological control has indirect effects on aggression via need satisfaction and motivation for revenge
We examined the relationship of perceived parental psychological control (PPC) to aggression and whether this relationship could be accounted for by indirect effects through need satisfaction and motivation for revenge. In our mediation models with need satisfaction, perceived PPC consistently shows indirect effects on aggression via the relatedness component of need satisfaction in all models, but not via the autonomy and competence components. …
Integrating Personality Structure, Personality Process, and Personality Development
In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, fo…
Virtual personalities
Computational Social Psychology
This chapter provides a broad and selective introduction to diverse literatures on computational approaches to cultural dynamics. It explains the social psychological models of cultural dynamics, and then move to two prominent approaches to cultural dynamics— Axelrod's model of cultural dissemination and evolutionary game theoretic approaches to evolution of cooperation. These approaches focus on complementary aspects of cultural dynamics, and th…
Identity Conflict and Sexual Risk for Black and Latino YMSM
The coherence effect
Previous research has shown that making complex judgments and decisions entails a mental reconstruction of the task in a way that increases the state of coherence between the emerging conclusion and its underlying attributes: The attributes that support the conclusion grow stronger, whereas the attributes that support the losing option weaken. This coherence effect is understood to occur bidirectionally, in that conclusions follow from the decisi…
Reading people’s minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making
How do people make inferences about other people's minds from their emotion displays? The ability to infer others' beliefs, desires, and intentions from their facial expressions should be especially important in interdependent decision making when people make decisions from beliefs about the others' intention to cooperate. Five experiments tested the general proposition that people follow principles of appraisal when making inferences from emotio…
A trans-paradigm theoretical synthesis of cognitive dissonance theory
In a trans-paradigm theoretical synthesis of cognitive dissonance research, we examined theoretical variables (e.g., choice, consequences, etc.) and their relationships with dissonance effect sizes. We used structural equation analyses, performed within and across five research paradigms (induced compliance, insufficient justification, disconfirmed expectancies, selective exposure, and free choice), and corresponding to major versions of cognitiv…
A taxonomy of situations from Chinese idioms
Socially Optimized Learning in a Virtual Environment
A socially optimized learning approach, which integrates diverse theoretical perspectives, places men who have sex with men (MSM) in an interactive virtual environment designed to simulate the emotional, interpersonal, and contextual narrative of an actual sexual encounter while challenging and changing MSM's more automatic patterns of risky responses. MSM assume a character's identity and are scaffolded in their decision-making and relearning pr…
Expert-Novice Differences in the Understanding and Explanation of Complex Political Conflicts
We compare the structure and content of political experts' knowledge with that of novices. We were particularly interested in whether experts would show more causal and historical reasoning in explaining political events, as well as whether their knowledge was structured in the form of a narrative. Eight relative political experts (advanced political science graduate students), 19 intermediate knowledge subjects (7 psychology graduate students an…
The Redux of Cognitive Consistency Theories
The authors suggest that decisions made from multiple pieces of evidence are performed hy mechanisms of parallel constraint satisfaction, which are related to cognitive consistency theories. Such reasoning processes are bidirectional--decisions follow from evidence, and evaluations of the evidence shift toward coherence with the emerging decision. Using a factually complex legal case, the authors observed patterns of coherence shifts that persist…
An autoassociative model of causal reasoning and causal learning
The authors respond to F. Van Overwalle's (1998) critique of the explanatory coherence (ECHO) model of causal reasoning (P. Thagard, 1992) and its application to social reasoning (S. J. Read & A. Marcus-Newhall, 1993). Contrary to Van Overwalle's doubts about its possibility, a feedback model similar to ECHO that learns covariation information appropriately is presented. This model simulates Read and Marcus-Newhall's results and can also simulate…
Explanatory coherence in social explanations
Explanatory coherence in social explanations
This article studies the impact of explanatory coherence on the evaluation of explanations. Tested were 4 principles of P. Thagard's (1989) model for evaluating the coherence of explanations. Study I showed that Ss preferred explanations that accounted for more data (breadth) and that were simpler (simplicity or parsimony). Study 2 demonstrated that Ss thought an explanation was stronger when it could, in turn, be explained. Study 3 showed that t…
Explaining One's Self to Others
Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar
Journal Article Book Notes Get access Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar. Edited By Stephen Read. (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993. Pp. xvii + 421. Price £ 112.00 h/b.) J.J. H J.J. H Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 43, Issue 173, October 1993, Pages 580–581, https://doi.org/10.2307/2220020 Published: 01 October 1993
Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples
Three studies were conducted to examine the correlates of adult attachment. In Study 1, an 18-item scale to measure adult attachment style dimensions was developed based on Kazan and Shaver's (1987) categorical measure. Factor analyses revealed three dimensions underlying this measure: the extent to which an individual is comfortable with closeness, feels he or she can depend on others, and is anxious or fearful about such things as being abandon…
Self-verification processes
Acquiring self-knowledge
This report is concerned with the influence of people's self-conceptions on the feedback they solicit during their social interactions. In the first of three empirical investigations, participants were given an opportunity to seek feedback from interaction partners that would either confirm or disconfirm their self-concep-tions. In this investigation, participants displayed a clear preference for feedback that would confirm their self-perceived e…
The Redux of Cognitive Consistency Theories
The authors suggest that decisions made from multiple pieces of evidence are performed hy mechanisms of parallel constraint satisfaction, which are related to cognitive consistency theories. Such reasoning processes are bidirectional--decisions follow from evidence, and evaluations of the evidence shift toward coherence with the emerging decision. Using a factually complex legal case, the authors observed patterns of coherence shifts that persist…
Constructing causal scenarios
A model of causal reasoning based on Schank and Abelson's (1977) analysis of knowledge structures is presented. The first part of this article outlines the necessary characteristics of such a model. It is argued that a central attributional problem is to explain extended sequences of behavior. To do this people must relate actions in a sequence to one another and construct a coherent scenario from them. Because the relation among actions is not g…
Traits as goal-based categories
It is argued that goals are central to the meaning and structure of many traits and help define the prototypicality structure of those traits. Partly on the basis of Barsalou s (1985) work on goal-derived categories, it was predicted that goals help define the judged prototypicality of many trait-related behaviors and the confidence with which people make trait inferences from those behaviors. Consistent with this hypothesis, ratings of the exten…
Similarity and causality in the use of social analogies
Perceived parental psychological control has indirect effects on aggression via need satisfaction and motivation for revenge
We examined the relationship of perceived parental psychological control (PPC) to aggression and whether this relationship could be accounted for by indirect effects through need satisfaction and motivation for revenge. In our mediation models with need satisfaction, perceived PPC consistently shows indirect effects on aggression via the relatedness component of need satisfaction in all models, but not via the autonomy and competence components. …
Computational Social Psychology
This chapter provides a broad and selective introduction to diverse literatures on computational approaches to cultural dynamics. It explains the social psychological models of cultural dynamics, and then move to two prominent approaches to cultural dynamics— Axelrod's model of cultural dissemination and evolutionary game theoretic approaches to evolution of cooperation. These approaches focus on complementary aspects of cultural dynamics, and th…
A taxonomy of situations from Chinese idioms
Socially Optimized Learning in a Virtual Environment
A socially optimized learning approach, which integrates diverse theoretical perspectives, places men who have sex with men (MSM) in an interactive virtual environment designed to simulate the emotional, interpersonal, and contextual narrative of an actual sexual encounter while challenging and changing MSM's more automatic patterns of risky responses. MSM assume a character's identity and are scaffolded in their decision-making and relearning pr…
Reading people’s minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making
How do people make inferences about other people's minds from their emotion displays? The ability to infer others' beliefs, desires, and intentions from their facial expressions should be especially important in interdependent decision making when people make decisions from beliefs about the others' intention to cooperate. Five experiments tested the general proposition that people follow principles of appraisal when making inferences from emotio…
An autoassociative model of causal reasoning and causal learning
The authors respond to F. Van Overwalle's (1998) critique of the explanatory coherence (ECHO) model of causal reasoning (P. Thagard, 1992) and its application to social reasoning (S. J. Read & A. Marcus-Newhall, 1993). Contrary to Van Overwalle's doubts about its possibility, a feedback model similar to ECHO that learns covariation information appropriately is presented. This model simulates Read and Marcus-Newhall's results and can also simulate…
Conjunctive explanations
Once is enough
Parental psychological control perceived in adolescence predicts jealousy toward romantic partners in emerging adulthood via insecure attachment
Parental psychological control (PPC)'s association with romantic relationships and the mechanisms through which PPC impairs relationship qualities remain crucial questions to understanding PPC. To this end, we examine if insecure attachment at age 18 mediated the association between PPC perceived at age 16 and jealousy at age 22. Our results showed that PPC perceived at age 16 predicted attachment anxiety at age 18, which then predicted jealousy …
Self‐concept as a mechanism through which parental psychological control impairs empathy development from adolescence to emerging adulthood
We examined the relationship among perceived parental psychological control (PPC), self‐concept, and empathy, from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Child Development Project longitudinal data analyses indicate that, when adolescents notice PPC at age 13, they have poor self‐concept (less competence) at age 16, and they show less empathic concern (EC) toward others at age 24. The indirect effects of self‐concept at age 16 are significant for EC,…
Virtual personalities
Analogical reasoning in social judgment
Adolescent normative beliefs about aggression mediate the association between fathers’ psychological control in adolescence and physical aggression in emerging adulthood
We examined whether adolescent normative beliefs about aggression (NBA) functioned as a mechanism through which parental psychological control (PPC) predicted physical aggression in emerging adulthood via secondary data analyses with the Child Development Project (Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 1990) longitudinal data. Fathers' psychological control (fPC) that adolescents reported at age 13 predicted NBA at age 16, which then predicted their aggression …
This reminds me of the time when
Processing inconsistent social information
The coherence effect
Previous research has shown that making complex judgments and decisions entails a mental reconstruction of the task in a way that increases the state of coherence between the emerging conclusion and its underlying attributes: The attributes that support the conclusion grow stronger, whereas the attributes that support the losing option weaken. This coherence effect is understood to occur bidirectionally, in that conclusions follow from the decisi…
Essays in Analysis
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Essays in Analysis. By Bertrand Russell. Edited by Douglas Lackey. (London : Allen & Unwin. 1973. Pp. 346. Price £5.50) Stephen Read Stephen Read Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 24, Issue 95, April 1974, Pages 181–184, https://doi.org/10.2307/2217727 Published: 01 April 1974
Commentary on De Grammatico
Formal Philosophy
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers. By Richard Montague. Edited with an introduction by Richmond Thomason. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1974. Pp. 370. Price £6.25.) Stephen Read Stephen Read Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 26, Issue 103, April 1976, Pages 182–185, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219146 Published: 01 April…
Self-verification processes
Acquiring self-knowledge
This report is concerned with the influence of people's self-conceptions on the feedback they solicit during their social interactions. In the first of three empirical investigations, participants were given an opportunity to seek feedback from interaction partners that would either confirm or disconfirm their self-concep-tions. In this investigation, participants displayed a clear preference for feedback that would confirm their self-perceived e…
Once is enough
Processing inconsistent social information
Analogical reasoning in social judgment
Similarity and causality in the use of social analogies
Constructing causal scenarios
A model of causal reasoning based on Schank and Abelson's (1977) analysis of knowledge structures is presented. The first part of this article outlines the necessary characteristics of such a model. It is argued that a central attributional problem is to explain extended sequences of behavior. To do this people must relate actions in a sequence to one another and construct a coherent scenario from them. Because the relation among actions is not g…
Conjunctive explanations
When Is the Federal Budget Like a Baby? Metaphor in Political Rhetoric
The effect of metaphor on responses to political communications was examined. In Study 1, we investigated whether a metaphor could increase memory for a passage and whether the effect might be greater when the passage was heard rather than read. Also examined were the relative effects of having the metaphor present at encoding, at recall, both, or neither. Participants either read or listened to four short passages. For half of the subjects, each…
Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples
Three studies were conducted to examine the correlates of adult attachment. In Study 1, an 18-item scale to measure adult attachment style dimensions was developed based on Kazan and Shaver's (1987) categorical measure. Factor analyses revealed three dimensions underlying this measure: the extent to which an individual is comfortable with closeness, feels he or she can depend on others, and is anxious or fearful about such things as being abandon…
Traits as goal-based categories
It is argued that goals are central to the meaning and structure of many traits and help define the prototypicality structure of those traits. Partly on the basis of Barsalou s (1985) work on goal-derived categories, it was predicted that goals help define the judged prototypicality of many trait-related behaviors and the confidence with which people make trait inferences from those behaviors. Consistent with this hypothesis, ratings of the exten…
This reminds me of the time when
Explanatory coherence in social explanations
Explanatory coherence in social explanations
This article studies the impact of explanatory coherence on the evaluation of explanations. Tested were 4 principles of P. Thagard's (1989) model for evaluating the coherence of explanations. Study I showed that Ss preferred explanations that accounted for more data (breadth) and that were simpler (simplicity or parsimony). Study 2 demonstrated that Ss thought an explanation was stronger when it could, in turn, be explained. Study 3 showed that t…
Explaining One's Self to Others
Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar
Journal Article Book Notes Get access Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar. Edited By Stephen Read. (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993. Pp. xvii + 421. Price £ 112.00 h/b.) J.J. H J.J. H Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 43, Issue 173, October 1993, Pages 580–581, https://doi.org/10.2307/2220020 Published: 01 October 1993
An autoassociative model of causal reasoning and causal learning
The authors respond to F. Van Overwalle's (1998) critique of the explanatory coherence (ECHO) model of causal reasoning (P. Thagard, 1992) and its application to social reasoning (S. J. Read & A. Marcus-Newhall, 1993). Contrary to Van Overwalle's doubts about its possibility, a feedback model similar to ECHO that learns covariation information appropriately is presented. This model simulates Read and Marcus-Newhall's results and can also simulate…
The Redux of Cognitive Consistency Theories
The authors suggest that decisions made from multiple pieces of evidence are performed hy mechanisms of parallel constraint satisfaction, which are related to cognitive consistency theories. Such reasoning processes are bidirectional--decisions follow from evidence, and evaluations of the evidence shift toward coherence with the emerging decision. Using a factually complex legal case, the authors observed patterns of coherence shifts that persist…
Expert-Novice Differences in the Understanding and Explanation of Complex Political Conflicts
We compare the structure and content of political experts' knowledge with that of novices. We were particularly interested in whether experts would show more causal and historical reasoning in explaining political events, as well as whether their knowledge was structured in the form of a narrative. Eight relative political experts (advanced political science graduate students), 19 intermediate knowledge subjects (7 psychology graduate students an…
A taxonomy of situations from Chinese idioms
Socially Optimized Learning in a Virtual Environment
A socially optimized learning approach, which integrates diverse theoretical perspectives, places men who have sex with men (MSM) in an interactive virtual environment designed to simulate the emotional, interpersonal, and contextual narrative of an actual sexual encounter while challenging and changing MSM's more automatic patterns of risky responses. MSM assume a character's identity and are scaffolded in their decision-making and relearning pr…
A trans-paradigm theoretical synthesis of cognitive dissonance theory
In a trans-paradigm theoretical synthesis of cognitive dissonance research, we examined theoretical variables (e.g., choice, consequences, etc.) and their relationships with dissonance effect sizes. We used structural equation analyses, performed within and across five research paradigms (induced compliance, insufficient justification, disconfirmed expectancies, selective exposure, and free choice), and corresponding to major versions of cognitiv…
Psychology (35 obras) · Social Psychology (31 obras) · Cognitive psychology (22 obras) · Social Psychology (20 obras) · Cognition (11 obras) · Computer Science (11 obras) · Developmental psychology (9 obras) · Epistemology (8 obras) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (7 obras) · Causal reasoning (6 obras)