Steven J Schapiro
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 82434 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Steven J Schapiro |
| PRENOMES | Steven J |
| SOBRENOME | Schapiro |
| ASSINATURA | SCHAPIRO S J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5406-1739 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 63 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1982 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
No Response to Inconsistently Experienced Inequity in Four Primate Species
Understanding when and how nonhuman primates respond to inequity is essential for uncovering the evolutionary roots of human fairness. Previous studies have shown that some species will refuse to participate or refuse rewards in some contexts when outcomes are unequal, but in these studies, subjects experienced inequity on every trial. This is likely not a realistic reflection of daily life, and we do not know whether these responses persist when…
A Comparative Study of Aging and Cortical Folding in Chimpanzees and Olive Baboons
In light of the evidence that nonhuman primates naturally develop Alzheimer's disease neuropathologies, there is a renewed interest in research on the comparative biology of aging, including neurological changes across the age groups in species with diverse lifespans. In this paper, we examined age‐related differences in two measures of cortical folding, mean depth and fold opening, in a sample of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) and olive baboons…
Obituary
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in captive olive baboons ( Papio anubis )
In apes and humans, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a predictive indicator of a variety of clinical conditions, longevity, and physiological stress. In chimpanzees specifically, NLR systematically varies with age, rearing, sex, and premature death, indicating that NLR may be a useful diagnostic tool in assessing primate health. To date, just one very recent study has investigated NLR in old world monkeys and found lower NLR in…
Playbacks of food-associated calls attract chimpanzees towards known food patches in a captive setting
Why do chimpanzees have diverse behavioral repertoires yet lack more complex cultures? Invention and social information use in a cumulative task
Age‐ and cognition‐related differences in the gray matter volume of the chimpanzee brain ( Pan troglodytes )
Several primate species have been shown to exhibit age‐related changes in cognition, brain, and behavior. However, severe neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), were once thought to be uniquely human. Recently, some chimpanzees naturally were documented to develop both neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, the main characteristics of AD pathology. In addition, like humans and other primates, chimpanzees show similar…
Increased expression of GAPDH in cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneous cognitive decline and amyloidopathy reminiscent of an Alzheimer's‐type disease is reflected in the circulation
Previous studies of aging cynomolgus monkeys from our group identified spontaneous age‐associated cognitive declines associated with biomarkers and brain lesions reminiscent of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), in a proportion of aged monkeys. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the spontaneous amyloid disorders and cognitive declines observed in these affected monkeys have yet to be investigated in detail. Using reverse transcriptase quantit…
Age‐related changes in chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) cognition
Chimpanzees are the species most closely related to humans, yet age‐related changes in brain and cognition remain poorly understood. The lack of studies on age‐related changes in cognition in chimpanzees is particularly unfortunate in light of the recent evidence demonstrating that this species naturally develops Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Here, we tested 213 young, middle‐aged, and elderly captive chimpanzees on the primate cogniti…
Validation and utility of a body condition scoring system for chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
Obesity is a problem in captive chimpanzee colonies that can lead to increased risk for disease; therefore, implementation of effective weight management strategies is imperative. To properly implement a weight management program, captive managers should be able to noninvasively identify and assess overweight or obese individuals. Traditional means of categorizing obese individuals involve sedating the animals to obtain body weights or skin fold …
The implementation and initial evaluation of a physical therapy program for captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
Due to advances in captive nonhuman primate (NHP) medical care, the number of geriatric chimpanzees (≥35‐years old) is growing. With old age comes a variety of physical conditions, including arthritis, stroke, and mobility impairments. Programs aimed at enhancing the welfare of geriatric chimpanzees are now quite common, but there are few published empirical evaluations of the efficacy of such programs. The current study aimed to create, implemen…
Unpacking chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) patch use
The marginal value theorem is an optimal foraging model that predicts how efficient foragers should respond to both their ecological and social environments when foraging in food patches, and it has strongly influenced hypotheses for primate behavior. Nevertheless, experimental tests of the marginal value theorem have been rare in primates and observational studies have provided conflicting support. As a step towards filling this gap, we test whe…
Sex differences in longitudinal personality stability in chimpanzees
Does group size matter? Captive chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) behavior as a function of group size and composition
The National Institutes of Health and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums recommend that captive chimpanzees be housed in multi-male, multi-female, age-diverse groups of no less than seven individuals. These recommendations are rooted in the idea that captive chimpanzee groups should be modeled after free-ranging, wild, fission-fusion chimpanzee societies. However, captive chimpanzees do not face the environmental pressures faced by wild chimpa…
Captive chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) behavior as a function of space per animal and enclosure type
animal. Several studies have investigated chimpanzee behavior in relation to space per animal, but only two studies have examined these variables while attempting to hold environmental complexity constant. Both have found few, if any, significant differences in behavior associated with increased space per animal. The NIH does not provide recommendations pertaining to enclosure type. Although PrimadomesTM and corrals are considered acceptable FACE…
Acquisition of a socially learned tool use sequence in chimpanzees
Socially transmitted diffusion of a novel behavior from subordinate chimpanzees
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) demonstrate much cultural diversity in the wild, yet a majority of novel behaviors do not become group-wide traditions. Since many such novel behaviors are introduced by low-ranking individuals, a bias toward copying dominant individuals ("rank-bias") has been proposed as an explanation for their limited diffusion. Previous experimental work showed that chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) preferentially copy dominant over …
Chimpanzees copy dominant and knowledgeable individuals
Program of the Thirty‐Eighth Meeting of The American Society of Primatologists
Multimodal communication in chimpanzees
A fundamental characteristic of human language is multimodality. In other words, humans use multiple signaling channels concurrently when communicating with one another. For example, people frequently produce manual gestures while speaking, and the words a person perceives are impacted by visual information. For this study, we hypothesized that similar to the way that humans regularly couple their spoken utterances with gestures and facial expres…
The contribution of genetics and early rearing experiences to hierarchical personality dimensions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
A reliable literature finds that traits are related to each other in an organized hierarchy encompassing various conceptualizations of personality (e.g., Big Three, five-factor model). Recent work suggests the potential of a similar organization among our closest nonhuman relative, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), with significant links to neurobiology suggesting an evolutionarily and neurobiologically based hierarchical structure of personality. T…
Delayed response task performance as a function of age in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
We compared delayed response task performance in young, middle-aged, and old cynomolgus monkeys using three memory tests that have been used with non-human primates. Eighteen cynomolgus monkeys--6 young (4-9 years), 6 middle-aged (10-19 years), and 6 old (above 20 years)--were tested. In general, the old monkeys scored significantly worse than did the animals in the two other age groups. Longer delays between stimulus presentation and response in…
Developing a comprehensive and comparative questionnaire for measuring personality in chimpanzees using a simultaneous top‐down/bottom‐up design
One effective method for measuring personality in primates is to use personality trait ratings to distill the experience of people familiar with the individual animals. Previous rating instruments were created using either top-down or bottom-up approaches. Top-down approaches, which essentially adapt instruments originally designed for use with another species, can unfortunately lead to the inclusion of traits irrelevant to chimpanzees or fail to…
Evolution and the expression of biases
Cognitive and behavioral biases, which are widespread among humans, have recently been demonstrated in other primates, suggesting a common origin. Here we examine whether the expression of one shared bias, the endowment effect, varies as a function of context. We tested whether objects lacking inherent value elicited a stronger endowment effect (or preference for keeping the object) in a context in which the objects had immediate instrumental val…
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Video Displays for Use With Chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes )
Video displays for behavioral research lend themselves particularly well to studies with chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes ), as their vision is comparable to humans’, yet there has been no formal test of the efficacy of video displays as a form of social information for chimpanzees. To address this, we compared the learning success of chimpanzees shown video footage of a conspecific compared to chimpanzees shown a live conspecific performing the sa…
Hand preferences for coordinated bimanual actions in 777 great apes
Bipedal tool use strengthens chimpanzee hand preferences
Population-Level Right Handedness for a Coordinated Bimanual Task in Chimpanzees
Handedness and Grooming in Pan troglodytes
Simple Reaching Is Not So Simple
Transfer and Acclimatization Effects on the Behavior of Two Species of African Great Ape (Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Moved to a Novel and Naturalistic Zoo Environment
Sex differences in longitudinal personality stability in chimpanzees
The contribution of genetics and early rearing experiences to hierarchical personality dimensions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
A reliable literature finds that traits are related to each other in an organized hierarchy encompassing various conceptualizations of personality (e.g., Big Three, five-factor model). Recent work suggests the potential of a similar organization among our closest nonhuman relative, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), with significant links to neurobiology suggesting an evolutionarily and neurobiologically based hierarchical structure of personality. T…
Patterns of sexual behavior in male macaques
One large social group of each of three species of macaques ( Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. radiata ), housed in half‐acre field cages at the California Primate Research Center, were observed for a total of 150 h. Data on sexual behavior and dominance interactions were recorded by pairs of experienced observers using a focal animal technique. Single or multiple mount‐to‐ejaculation sequences, number of thrusts per mount, number of mounts pe…
Behavioral effects of enrichment on pair‐housed juvenile rhesus monkeys
Among captive primates, inanimate environmental enrichment can lead to measurable changes in behavior indicative of an improvement in psychological well‐being. Although this has been demonstrated repeatedly for singly caged primates, the relationship is not as well studied for pairhoused animals. Study of the pair‐housed setting has become increasingly relevant because of the social housing mandate of the Animal Welfare Act regulations. We theref…
Behavioral effects of enrichment on singly‐housed, yearling rhesus monkeys
Three cohorts of yearling rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) were maintained in single cages for one year as part of a derivation program to produce a breeding colony of specific pathogen‐free (SPF) monkeys. During this year of social restriction, subjects were provided with three different types of environmental enrichment (physical, feeding, and sensory) to counteract the known effects of social restriction and to quantify the effects of these d…
Effects of social and inanimate enrichment on the behavior of yearling rhesus monkeys
Certain types of inanimate environmental enrichment have been shown to positively affect the behavior of laboratory primates, as has housing them in appropriate social conditions. While social housing is generally advocated as an important environmental enhancement, few studies have attempted to measure the influence of social conditions on the effects of inanimate enrichment or to compare the relative merits of social and inanimate enhancements.…
Effects of social and inanimate enrichment on the behavior of yearling rhesus monkeys
Forthcoming inAmerican Journal of Primatology
Manipulating the affiliative interactions of group‐housed rhesus macaques using positive reinforcement training techniques
Social housing, whether continuous, intermittent, or partial contact, typically provides many captive primates with opportunities to express affiliative behaviors, important components of the species‐typical behavioral repertoire. Positive reinforcement training techniques have been successfully employed to shape many behaviors important for achieving primate husbandry goals. The present study was conducted to determine whether positive reinforce…
Membership characteristics of the American society of primatologists through 2002
Approximately once a decade, the Treasurer of the American Society of Primatologists (ASP) publishes a report on the current membership characteristics of the society. Each year, when members join the ASP they answer a series of questions designed to evaluate the composition of the society and the interests of its members. In 2002 the society had 691 members (443 full members, 222 student members, and 26 retired members). This represents only a 3…
Guide for optimizing the care of captive chimpanzees
Population-Level Right Handedness for a Coordinated Bimanual Task in Chimpanzees
Use of primates in research
We assessed the use of nonhuman primates and nonhuman primate biological material in research by reviewing studies published in 2001 in peer‐reviewed journals. The number and species of primates used, the origin of the animals, the type of study, the area of research of the investigation, and the location at which the research was performed were tabulated. Additionally, factors related to the animals that may have affected the outcome of the expe…
Maternal age, parity, and reproductive outcome in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
As early as the 1970s, it was suggested that nonhuman primates may serve as models of human reproductive senescence. In the present study, the reproductive outcomes of 1,255 pregnancies in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were examined in relation to parity and its covariate, maternal age. The results show that the percentage of positive pregnancy outcomes was negatively correlated with increasing parity. In addition, spontaneous abortions, …
Simple Reaching Is Not So Simple
Positive reinforcement training affects hematologic and serum chemistry values in captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes )
Positive reinforcement training (PRT) techniques have received considerable attention for their stress reduction potential in the behavioral management of captive nonhuman primates. However, few published empirical studies have provided physiological data to support this position. To address this issue, PRT techniques were used to train chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) to voluntarily present a leg for an intramuscular (IM) injection of anesthetic.…
Handedness and Grooming in Pan troglodytes
Ape behavior in two alternating environments
In many facilities, primates are voluntarily transferred between different enclosures on a daily basis to facilitate animal husbandry and exhibit maintenance. This procedure is particularly relevant in the management of great apes living in zoos, where the requirements of functional management must be balanced with the desire to maintain enriching and naturalistic exhibit enclosures that benefit ape residents and attract the visiting public. In t…
Bipedal tool use strengthens chimpanzee hand preferences
Male chimpanzees' grooming rates vary by female age, parity, and fertility status
Copulation preferences in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, suggest that males prefer older females who have had previous offspring. However, this finding is counter to some behavioral models, which predict that chimpanzee males, as promiscuous breeders with minimal costs to mating, should show little or no preference when choosing mating partners (e.g. should mate indiscriminately). To determine if the preferences indicated by copulat…
Space use selectivity by chimpanzees and gorillas in an indoor–outdoor enclosure
Understanding the relationship between physical environments and nonhuman primate behavior is a key element for effective care and management in a range of settings. The physical features of the captive environment, including not only gross useable space but also environmental complexity, can have a significant influence on primate behavior and ultimately, animal welfare. But despite this connection, there remains relatively little conclusive dat…
Transfer and Acclimatization Effects on the Behavior of Two Species of African Great Ape (Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla gorilla) Moved to a Novel and Naturalistic Zoo Environment
Hand preferences for coordinated bimanual actions in 777 great apes
Evolution and the expression of biases
Cognitive and behavioral biases, which are widespread among humans, have recently been demonstrated in other primates, suggesting a common origin. Here we examine whether the expression of one shared bias, the endowment effect, varies as a function of context. We tested whether objects lacking inherent value elicited a stronger endowment effect (or preference for keeping the object) in a context in which the objects had immediate instrumental val…
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Video Displays for Use With Chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes )
Video displays for behavioral research lend themselves particularly well to studies with chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes ), as their vision is comparable to humans’, yet there has been no formal test of the efficacy of video displays as a form of social information for chimpanzees. To address this, we compared the learning success of chimpanzees shown video footage of a conspecific compared to chimpanzees shown a live conspecific performing the sa…
Socialization strategies and disease transmission in captive colonies of nonhuman primates
In captive research environments for nonhuman primates (NHP), social housing strategies are often in conflict with protocols designed to minimize disease transmission. This is particularly true in breeding colonies, and is especially relevant when attempting to eliminate specific pathogens from a population of primates. Numerous strategies have been used to establish such specific pathogen free (SPF) breeding colonies (primarily of macaques), ran…
Developing a comprehensive and comparative questionnaire for measuring personality in chimpanzees using a simultaneous top‐down/bottom‐up design
One effective method for measuring personality in primates is to use personality trait ratings to distill the experience of people familiar with the individual animals. Previous rating instruments were created using either top-down or bottom-up approaches. Top-down approaches, which essentially adapt instruments originally designed for use with another species, can unfortunately lead to the inclusion of traits irrelevant to chimpanzees or fail to…
Primate Behavior and Ecology (40 obras) · Biology (34 obras) · Psychology (34 obras) · Zoology (23 obras) · Ecology (18 obras) · Developmental psychology (15 obras) · Troglodytes (15 obras) · Primate (14 obras) · Social Psychology (12 obras) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction (11 obras)