Liza J Shapiro
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 83209 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Liza J Shapiro |
| PRENOMES | Liza J |
| SOBRENOME | Shapiro |
| ASSINATURA | SHAPIRO L J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Texas at Austin |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3830-7596 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 290 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1988 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Assessing the Determinants of Platyrrhine Quadrupedal Gait Kinematics in an Ecological and Phylogenetic Framework
Laboratory studies have broadened our understanding of primate arboreal locomotor biomechanics and adaptation but are necessarily limited in species availability and substrate complexity. In this field study, we filmed the locomotion of 11 species of platyrrhines (Ecuador and Costa Rica; n = 1234 strides) and remotely measured substrate diameter and orientation. We then explored ecological and phylogenetic influences on quadrupedal kinematics in …
In memoriam
The effects of natural substrate discontinuities on the quadrupedal gait kinematics of free‐ranging Saimiri sciureus
Wild primates encounter complex matrices of substrates that differ in size, orientation, height, and compliance, and often move on multiple, discontinuous substrates within a single bout of locomotion. Our current understanding of primate gait is limited by artificial laboratory settings in which primate quadrupedal gait has primarily been studied. This study analyzes wild Saimiri sciureus (common squirrel monkey) gait on discontinuous substrates…
Effects of substrate and phylogeny on quadrupedal gait in free‐ranging platyrrhines
OBJECTIVES: Primate diagonal sequence (DS) gaits are often argued to be an adaptation for moving and foraging in the fine-branch niche; however, existing data have come predominantly from laboratory studies that are limited in taxonomic breadth and fail to account for the structural and ecological variation of natural substrates. We test the extent to which substrate diameter and orientation influence gait sequence type and limb phase in free-ran…
Functional and developmental influences on intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebrae
OBJECTIVES: We tested whether patterns of intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebral shape are consistent with developmental or functional predictions. Intraspecific variation was compared across column regions, morphological features, and species. Transitional regions and later ossifying morphological features were predicted to exhibit increased variation. The lumbosacral region, biomechanically important morphological features, and species…
My branch is your branch
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free‐ranging primates
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high-speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Developments in development
The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor development has provided new insights toward our broader understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Here, we review the contributions of this body of work from three basic perspectives. First…
Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on effective limb length in baboons ( P apio cynocephalus )
OBJECTIVES: Digitigrade hand and foot postures and extended elbows and knees are considered adaptations to running in cursorial mammals because they increase effective limb lengths (ELLs). However, the relationship between digitigrady and ELL in primates is not well understood. We documented the ontogeny of limb postures in baboons to better understand the function of digitigrady during walking. We hypothesized that the hand and foot would become…
Body size and the small branch niche
Reevaluation of the lumbosacral region of Oreopithecus bambolii
Morphological correlates of tail length in the catarrhine sacrum
Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion
Most quadrupedal mammals support a larger amount of body weight on their forelimbs compared with their hind limbs during locomotion, whereas most primates support more of their body weight on their hind limbs. Increased hind limb weight support is generally interpreted as an adaptation that reduces stress on primates' highly mobile forelimb joints. Thus, increased hind limb weight support was likely vital for the evolution of primate arboreality.…
Morphological and functional differentiation in the lumbar spine of lorisids and galagids
The striking contrast in positional behavior exhibited by lorisids (slow quadrupedalism/suspension) and galagids (leaping/quadrupedalism) is well reflected in their postcranial morphology, particularly in the limbs. Although they exhibit very different spinal postures and movements, vertebral adaptations have been less well explored in these taxa. This study addressed morphological and functional differentiation in the lumbar vertebrae of four sp…
A response to Cartmill et al
Lateral sequence walking in infant Papio cynocephalus
One of the most distinctive aspects of primate quadrupedal walking is the use of diagonal sequence footfalls in combination with diagonal‐couplets interlimb timing. Numerous hypotheses have been offered to explain why primates might have evolved this type of gait, yet this important question remains unresolved. Because infant primates use a wider variety of quadrupedal gaits than do adults, they provide a natural experiment with which to test hyp…
Morphometric analysis of lumbar vertebrae in extinct Malagasy strepsirrhines
Previous research on subfossil lemurs has revealed much about the positional behavior of these extinct strepsirrhines, but a thorough quantitative analysis of their vertebral form and function has not been performed. In this study, 156 lumbar vertebrae of Pachylemur , Archaeolemur , Megaladapis , Mesopropithecus , Babakotia , and Palaeopropithecus (11 species in all) were compared to those of 26 species of extant strepsirrhines and haplorhines. L…
Functional aspects of strepsirrhine lumbar vertebral bodies and spinous processes
Lateral bending of the lumbar spine during quadrupedalism in strepsirhines
Primate locomotion
Edited by Elizabeth Strasser, John Fleagle, Alfred Rosenberger, and Henry McHenry. New York: Plenum Press. 1998. 482 pp. ISBN 0–306–46022-X. $110.00 (cloth).
Positional behavior and vertebral morphology in atelines and cebines
Atelines are of particular interest to primate evolutionary studies because they converge with hominoids in postcranial anatomy, including the vertebral column. Currently, our understanding of ateline vertebral morphology is limited to mainly qualitative descriptions and functional interpretations based on general categories of positional behavior. Even less is known about the vertebrae of other platyrrhines. This study more closely examines vert…
Interlimb coordination, gait, and neural control of quadrupedalism in chimpanzees
Interlimb coordination is directly relevant to the understanding of the neural control of locomotion, but few studies addressing this topic for nonhuman primates are available, and no data exist for any hominoid other than humans. As a follow-up to Jungers and Anapol's ([1985] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 67:89-97) analysis on a lemur and talapoin monkey, we describe here the patterns of interlimb coordination in two chimpanzees as revealed by electro…
Functional morphology of indrid lumbar vertebrae
Indrids are primarily vertical clingers and leapers but also engage to various extents in climbing, suspensory postures, bimanual movement, bipedal hopping, and quadrupedalism. It has been demonstrated that these behaviors are well reflected in the appendicular anatomy of these primates, while indrid vertebral anatomy has received relatively little attention. In this morphometric study, biomechanically relevant aspects of the lumbar vertebrae of …
Electromyography of back muscles during quadrupedal and bipedal walking in primates
Despite the extensive electromyographic research that has addressed limb muscle function during primate quadrupedalism, the role of the back muscles in this locomotor behavior has remained undocumented. We report here the results of an electromyographic (EMG) analysis of three intrinsic back muscles (multifidus, longissimus, and iliocostalis) in the baboon ( Papio anubis ), chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ), and orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) during q…
Metatarsophalangeal joint function and positional behavior in Australopithecus afarensis
Recent discussions of the pedal morphology of Australopithecus afarensis have led to conflicting interpretations of australopithecine locomotor behavior. We report the results of a study using computer aided design (CAD) software that provides a quantitative assessment of the functional morphology of australopithecine metatarsophalangeal joints. The sample includes A. afarensis , Homo sapiens , Pan troglodytes , Gorilla gorilla , and Pongo pygmae…
Evaluation of "unique" aspects of human vertebral bodies and pedicles with a consideration of Australopithecus africanus
Lateral sequence walking in infant Papio cynocephalus
One of the most distinctive aspects of primate quadrupedal walking is the use of diagonal sequence footfalls in combination with diagonal‐couplets interlimb timing. Numerous hypotheses have been offered to explain why primates might have evolved this type of gait, yet this important question remains unresolved. Because infant primates use a wider variety of quadrupedal gaits than do adults, they provide a natural experiment with which to test hyp…
Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion
Most quadrupedal mammals support a larger amount of body weight on their forelimbs compared with their hind limbs during locomotion, whereas most primates support more of their body weight on their hind limbs. Increased hind limb weight support is generally interpreted as an adaptation that reduces stress on primates' highly mobile forelimb joints. Thus, increased hind limb weight support was likely vital for the evolution of primate arboreality.…
Functional morphology of indrid lumbar vertebrae
Indrids are primarily vertical clingers and leapers but also engage to various extents in climbing, suspensory postures, bimanual movement, bipedal hopping, and quadrupedalism. It has been demonstrated that these behaviors are well reflected in the appendicular anatomy of these primates, while indrid vertebral anatomy has received relatively little attention. In this morphometric study, biomechanically relevant aspects of the lumbar vertebrae of …
Morphometric analysis of lumbar vertebrae in extinct Malagasy strepsirrhines
Previous research on subfossil lemurs has revealed much about the positional behavior of these extinct strepsirrhines, but a thorough quantitative analysis of their vertebral form and function has not been performed. In this study, 156 lumbar vertebrae of Pachylemur , Archaeolemur , Megaladapis , Mesopropithecus , Babakotia , and Palaeopropithecus (11 species in all) were compared to those of 26 species of extant strepsirrhines and haplorhines. L…
Functional aspects of strepsirrhine lumbar vertebral bodies and spinous processes
Reevaluation of the lumbosacral region of Oreopithecus bambolii
Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Developments in development
The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor development has provided new insights toward our broader understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Here, we review the contributions of this body of work from three basic perspectives. First…
Back muscle function during bipedal walking in chimpanzee and gibbon
The evolution of erect posture and locomotion continues to be a major focus of interest among paleoanthropologists and functional morphologists. To date, virtually all of our knowledge about the functional role of the back muscles in the evolution of bipedalism is based on human experimental data. In order to broaden our evolutionary perspective on the vertebral region, we have undertaken an electromyographic (EMG) analysis of three deep back mus…
A response to Cartmill et al
Body size and the small branch niche
Electromyography of back muscles during quadrupedal and bipedal walking in primates
Despite the extensive electromyographic research that has addressed limb muscle function during primate quadrupedalism, the role of the back muscles in this locomotor behavior has remained undocumented. We report here the results of an electromyographic (EMG) analysis of three intrinsic back muscles (multifidus, longissimus, and iliocostalis) in the baboon ( Papio anubis ), chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ), and orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) during q…
Lateral bending of the lumbar spine during quadrupedalism in strepsirhines
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free‐ranging primates
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high-speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Morphological correlates of tail length in the catarrhine sacrum
Functional and developmental influences on intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebrae
OBJECTIVES: We tested whether patterns of intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebral shape are consistent with developmental or functional predictions. Intraspecific variation was compared across column regions, morphological features, and species. Transitional regions and later ossifying morphological features were predicted to exhibit increased variation. The lumbosacral region, biomechanically important morphological features, and species…
Effects of substrate and phylogeny on quadrupedal gait in free‐ranging platyrrhines
OBJECTIVES: Primate diagonal sequence (DS) gaits are often argued to be an adaptation for moving and foraging in the fine-branch niche; however, existing data have come predominantly from laboratory studies that are limited in taxonomic breadth and fail to account for the structural and ecological variation of natural substrates. We test the extent to which substrate diameter and orientation influence gait sequence type and limb phase in free-ran…
Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on effective limb length in baboons ( P apio cynocephalus )
OBJECTIVES: Digitigrade hand and foot postures and extended elbows and knees are considered adaptations to running in cursorial mammals because they increase effective limb lengths (ELLs). However, the relationship between digitigrady and ELL in primates is not well understood. We documented the ontogeny of limb postures in baboons to better understand the function of digitigrady during walking. We hypothesized that the hand and foot would become…
My branch is your branch
Back muscle function during bipedal walking in chimpanzee and gibbon
The evolution of erect posture and locomotion continues to be a major focus of interest among paleoanthropologists and functional morphologists. To date, virtually all of our knowledge about the functional role of the back muscles in the evolution of bipedalism is based on human experimental data. In order to broaden our evolutionary perspective on the vertebral region, we have undertaken an electromyographic (EMG) analysis of three deep back mus…
Evaluation of "unique" aspects of human vertebral bodies and pedicles with a consideration of Australopithecus africanus
Electromyography of back muscles during quadrupedal and bipedal walking in primates
Despite the extensive electromyographic research that has addressed limb muscle function during primate quadrupedalism, the role of the back muscles in this locomotor behavior has remained undocumented. We report here the results of an electromyographic (EMG) analysis of three intrinsic back muscles (multifidus, longissimus, and iliocostalis) in the baboon ( Papio anubis ), chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ), and orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) during q…
Metatarsophalangeal joint function and positional behavior in Australopithecus afarensis
Recent discussions of the pedal morphology of Australopithecus afarensis have led to conflicting interpretations of australopithecine locomotor behavior. We report the results of a study using computer aided design (CAD) software that provides a quantitative assessment of the functional morphology of australopithecine metatarsophalangeal joints. The sample includes A. afarensis , Homo sapiens , Pan troglodytes , Gorilla gorilla , and Pongo pygmae…
Functional morphology of indrid lumbar vertebrae
Indrids are primarily vertical clingers and leapers but also engage to various extents in climbing, suspensory postures, bimanual movement, bipedal hopping, and quadrupedalism. It has been demonstrated that these behaviors are well reflected in the appendicular anatomy of these primates, while indrid vertebral anatomy has received relatively little attention. In this morphometric study, biomechanically relevant aspects of the lumbar vertebrae of …
Interlimb coordination, gait, and neural control of quadrupedalism in chimpanzees
Interlimb coordination is directly relevant to the understanding of the neural control of locomotion, but few studies addressing this topic for nonhuman primates are available, and no data exist for any hominoid other than humans. As a follow-up to Jungers and Anapol's ([1985] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 67:89-97) analysis on a lemur and talapoin monkey, we describe here the patterns of interlimb coordination in two chimpanzees as revealed by electro…
Positional behavior and vertebral morphology in atelines and cebines
Atelines are of particular interest to primate evolutionary studies because they converge with hominoids in postcranial anatomy, including the vertebral column. Currently, our understanding of ateline vertebral morphology is limited to mainly qualitative descriptions and functional interpretations based on general categories of positional behavior. Even less is known about the vertebrae of other platyrrhines. This study more closely examines vert…
Primate locomotion
Edited by Elizabeth Strasser, John Fleagle, Alfred Rosenberger, and Henry McHenry. New York: Plenum Press. 1998. 482 pp. ISBN 0–306–46022-X. $110.00 (cloth).
Lateral bending of the lumbar spine during quadrupedalism in strepsirhines
Functional aspects of strepsirrhine lumbar vertebral bodies and spinous processes
Lateral sequence walking in infant Papio cynocephalus
One of the most distinctive aspects of primate quadrupedal walking is the use of diagonal sequence footfalls in combination with diagonal‐couplets interlimb timing. Numerous hypotheses have been offered to explain why primates might have evolved this type of gait, yet this important question remains unresolved. Because infant primates use a wider variety of quadrupedal gaits than do adults, they provide a natural experiment with which to test hyp…
Morphometric analysis of lumbar vertebrae in extinct Malagasy strepsirrhines
Previous research on subfossil lemurs has revealed much about the positional behavior of these extinct strepsirrhines, but a thorough quantitative analysis of their vertebral form and function has not been performed. In this study, 156 lumbar vertebrae of Pachylemur , Archaeolemur , Megaladapis , Mesopropithecus , Babakotia , and Palaeopropithecus (11 species in all) were compared to those of 26 species of extant strepsirrhines and haplorhines. L…
Morphological and functional differentiation in the lumbar spine of lorisids and galagids
The striking contrast in positional behavior exhibited by lorisids (slow quadrupedalism/suspension) and galagids (leaping/quadrupedalism) is well reflected in their postcranial morphology, particularly in the limbs. Although they exhibit very different spinal postures and movements, vertebral adaptations have been less well explored in these taxa. This study addressed morphological and functional differentiation in the lumbar vertebrae of four sp…
A response to Cartmill et al
Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion
Most quadrupedal mammals support a larger amount of body weight on their forelimbs compared with their hind limbs during locomotion, whereas most primates support more of their body weight on their hind limbs. Increased hind limb weight support is generally interpreted as an adaptation that reduces stress on primates' highly mobile forelimb joints. Thus, increased hind limb weight support was likely vital for the evolution of primate arboreality.…
Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Morphological correlates of tail length in the catarrhine sacrum
Reevaluation of the lumbosacral region of Oreopithecus bambolii
Body size and the small branch niche
Ontogenetic changes in limb postures and their impact on effective limb length in baboons ( P apio cynocephalus )
OBJECTIVES: Digitigrade hand and foot postures and extended elbows and knees are considered adaptations to running in cursorial mammals because they increase effective limb lengths (ELLs). However, the relationship between digitigrady and ELL in primates is not well understood. We documented the ontogeny of limb postures in baboons to better understand the function of digitigrady during walking. We hypothesized that the hand and foot would become…
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free‐ranging primates
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high-speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Developments in development
The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor development has provided new insights toward our broader understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Here, we review the contributions of this body of work from three basic perspectives. First…
The effects of natural substrate discontinuities on the quadrupedal gait kinematics of free‐ranging Saimiri sciureus
Wild primates encounter complex matrices of substrates that differ in size, orientation, height, and compliance, and often move on multiple, discontinuous substrates within a single bout of locomotion. Our current understanding of primate gait is limited by artificial laboratory settings in which primate quadrupedal gait has primarily been studied. This study analyzes wild Saimiri sciureus (common squirrel monkey) gait on discontinuous substrates…
Effects of substrate and phylogeny on quadrupedal gait in free‐ranging platyrrhines
OBJECTIVES: Primate diagonal sequence (DS) gaits are often argued to be an adaptation for moving and foraging in the fine-branch niche; however, existing data have come predominantly from laboratory studies that are limited in taxonomic breadth and fail to account for the structural and ecological variation of natural substrates. We test the extent to which substrate diameter and orientation influence gait sequence type and limb phase in free-ran…
Functional and developmental influences on intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebrae
OBJECTIVES: We tested whether patterns of intraspecific variation in catarrhine vertebral shape are consistent with developmental or functional predictions. Intraspecific variation was compared across column regions, morphological features, and species. Transitional regions and later ossifying morphological features were predicted to exhibit increased variation. The lumbosacral region, biomechanically important morphological features, and species…
Primate Behavior and Ecology (25 obras) · Biology (24 obras) · Anatomy (21 obras) · Anatomy (20 obras) · Amphibian and Reptile Biology (14 obras) · Quadrupedalism (14 obras) · Primate (13 obras) · Evolutionary biology (11 obras) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (10 obras) · Ecology (9 obras)