Kira Sanbonmatsu
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 844710 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Kira Sanbonmatsu |
| PRENOMES | Kira |
| SOBRENOME | Sanbonmatsu |
| ASSINATURA | SANBONMATSU K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9794-9874 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1148 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2002 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Political Giving by Asian American Women and Latinas
Participation by Asian American women and Latinas as campaign contributors is usually lower than other groups, including Asian American men, Latino men, and white women – an inequality in political voice that may disproportionately affect the financial success of Asian American women and Latina candidates. I argue that financial resources – the prime suspect in most campaign contribution analyses – are limited in explaining which Asian American w…
Money and Pathways to Participation
Political participation research about race and immigration does not usually single out campaign contributions for analysis. Gender studies about money and politics are more common but usually focus on candidates with insufficient attention to the gender and racial identities of donors. This paper leverages newly available 2024 survey data from the Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS) to study gender, race/ethnicity, and immigrat…
Watching Women, Money, and Politics at the Center for American Women and Politics (Cawp)
The Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP) launched its Women, Money, & Politics Watch 2026 project in spring 2026, as an interactive resource for the public, candidates, officeholders, activists, and the media. 1 CAWP, founded in 1971 as a unit of the Eagleton Institute of Politics at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is nationally recognized as the leading source of scholarly research and current data about women’s political p…
The Boundaries of “Women of Color
Women candidates are increasingly referred to as "women of color." But who the public sees as women of color is unclear. We ask how non-Hispanic whites, who are still the largest voting group, perceive which racial/ethnic groups of women are included in the "women of color" group. We find heterogeneity in who white Americans believe are "women of color" – differences that are connected to political support for women of color candidates. We analyz…
Agents of Change? Women Candidates and Support for Campaign Finance Reform
Whither Politics & Gender Research? Reflections on US Election 2024
The 2024 elections made US history in numerous ways. Vice President Kamala Harris became the first Black and South Asian woman to be nominated by a major party for the presidency. Former president Donald Trump made history by becoming the oldest person and the first convicted felon to become president. 2024 marked the first presidential election following the historic Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision in 2022
The Political Implications of Identifying as a "Woman of Color" for Latina and Asian American Women
Latinas and Asian American women are often labeled "women of color" (WOC). But taking up the identity of WOC is a choice; not all Latinas and Asian American women self-identify as WOC. Building on intersectionality theory and recent work on "of color" identities, we propose that WOC identification has the potential to translate into broader political alliances with other marginalized groups. We evaluate this expectation with data from the 2020 Co…
Understanding Black Women’s and Latinas’ Perspectives about Political Giving
Giving money to candidates is an important but unequal form of political voice. Among those Americans worst represented as campaign contributors are Black women and Latinas. Although inequalities in income and wealth fuel inequalities in campaign contributions, resources are an incomplete explanation. This study investigates, for Black women and Latinas, whether their views on donations to candidates differ from their views on other forms of civi…
Men of Color, Linked Fate, and Support for Women of Color Candidates
Scholars are increasingly interested in "of color" identities. Yet, studies of "of color" identities have neglected attention to the gendered identities of men who could be categorized as "of color." Meanwhile, women of color are playing a growing role in US politics as candidates and elected officials but are underrepresented in comparison with their presence in the population. We investigate whether Black and Latino men express a "men of color"…
Studying Legislatures at the Intersection of Gender and Race
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Women Voters and the Utility of Campaigning as “Women of Color
Women candidates from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups must cast a wide net when attracting voter support to win elections. One aspect of their candidate profile is the ability to campaign explicitly as a "woman of color." Despite increased media usage of the term women of color, few academic studies focus on whether and how this term resonates with voters. We analyze original survey data collected in 2020 to probe voter reaction to the …
The politics of “women of color”
The political term “women of color” (WOC) emerged in the late 1970s in Black feminist organizing spaces as a rejection of a singular emphasis on a woman identity. At that time, a WOC identity signaled a political commitment to solidarity politics. Currently, the term “women of color” (WOC) is used by the media and among politicians but without much explicit discussion of its history. Given WOC’s continued presence in American politics, the questi…
Women and unequal voice in governors’ races
This research note investigates women’s political participation and political influence as donors for contests typically neglected by American politics researchers: gubernatorial elections. Our original study of individual contributions (2000–2018) finds that women are underrepresented as donors to gubernatorial elections with large differences across the two parties. Moreover, gendered patterns indicate that women – of both parties – tend to be …
Trends
Scholars frequently invoke the term “women of color” (WOC) in their research, and, increasingly, the media make reference to WOC in news stories. Despite this common usage, researchers have failed to investigate whether the phrase WOC is politically advantageous. That is, do all women, black, Latina, Asian, white, and mixed-race women, support WOC candidates? This omission is unfortunate considering the large body of literature about race and gen…
Public support for “more” women in Congress
Is political knowledge about the actual level of women's representation still related to support for women's descriptive representation? Using data from the 2018 CCES, I find that knowledge of the level of women's presence in Congress is related to support for women's representation. Consistent with findings from prior research, those who overestimate the percentage of women in Congress are less supportive of electing “more” women whereas those w…
Women's Underrepresentation in the U.S. Congress
Women's elective office-holding stands at an all-time high in the United States. Yet women are far from parity. This underrepresentation is surprising given that more women than men vote. Gender–as a feature of both society and politics–has always worked alongside race to determine which groups possess the formal and informal resources and opportunities critical for winning elective office. But how gender connects to office-holding is not fixed; …
Advancing Research on Gender and Gubernatorial Campaign Finance
This research note argues for scholarly attention to campaign finance in order to better understand why more women have not achieved gubernatorial office. We present an exploratory analysis of newly available data with a focus on 2010 to 2018 open-seat primaries. Our findings of gender differences in the structure of campaign receipts demonstrate the need for additional investigation of gubernatorial elections – elections that previous gender and…
Apsa Teaching and Learning Conference and Track Summaries
This year's program committee organized a dynamic program of sessions and workshops around the theme "The 21st Century Classroom: Creating an Engaging Environment for All Students," focusing on best practices and inventive methodologies for the political science classroom
Apsa Committees
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Electing Women of Color
The increasing racial diversity of women in the United States makes the underrepresentation of women of color in politics an important area for research. To better understand the reasons for the underrepresentation of women of color and how more women of color might be elected in the future, this article presents a case study of a unique campaign training program designed for women of color. The program is the Center for American Women and Politi…
More Women Can Run
The Motherless State
Do Gender Stereotypes Transcend Party
Voters hold stereotypes about candidate gender and candidate party. Yet little is known about the intersection of gender and party stereotypes. In this article, we investigate whether gender stereotypes transcend party. We consider whether gender stereotypes affect woman politicians differently by party and examine the effect of partisan identification on gender stereotypes. We find that the public perceives gender differences within both politic…
Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Gender Balance in Government
The desire to elect more women to public office is likely to affect a range of political behaviors and may explain the relatively low levels of women's descriptive representation overall. Yet, little is known about the public's view of the ideal gender composition of government. We find that the public expresses a preference for higher levels of women's representation than the country has experienced. Women are more likely than men to express a v…
Gender Backlash in American Politics
In this essay, I start to sketch a research agenda about an electoral backlash against women's descriptive representation. Few scholars have considered the possibility of such a backlash. By “backlash,” I mean resistance to attempts to change the status quo. As Jane Mansbridge and Shauna Shames argue in this issue, when actors disadvantaged by the status quo work to enact change, they may be met by a reaction by those seeking to maintain existing…
Gender Stereotypes and Vote Choice
second body of research argues that voters employ gender stereotypes when they evaluate candidates. These studies are usually based on experiments which manipulate candi? date gender. This study seeks to unite these literatures by incorporating gender stereotypes and hypothetical vote questions involving two candidates in one model. I argue that many voters have a baseline gender preference to vote for male over female candidates, or female over …
Do Gender Stereotypes Transcend Party
Voters hold stereotypes about candidate gender and candidate party. Yet little is known about the intersection of gender and party stereotypes. In this article, we investigate whether gender stereotypes transcend party. We consider whether gender stereotypes affect woman politicians differently by party and examine the effect of partisan identification on gender stereotypes. We find that the public perceives gender differences within both politic…
Political Parties and the Recruitment of Women to State Legislatures
This article analyzes the role of political parties in shaping women's representation across the U.S. states. Using data from 1971 to 1999, I analyze several hypotheses about how party affects women's recruitment to the lower houses of state legislatures. I argue that the incentive structure facing potential women candidates is somewhat different for Democratic and Republican women. The social eligibility pool, legislative professionalism, and pa…
Gender-Related Political Knowledge and the Descriptive Representation of Women
Do Parties Know That “Women Win”? Party Leader Beliefs about Women's Electoral Chances
Women's groups emphasize the view that women are viable candidates in American politics with the popular slogan "when women run, women win." What do party leaders believe about women's electoral chances? Do parties know that "women win"? In an analysis of state legislative election results, I find few gender differences in candidates' vote share and success rates—two widely used measures of the status of women candidates. Yet I find that many par…
Electing Women of Color
The increasing racial diversity of women in the United States makes the underrepresentation of women of color in politics an important area for research. To better understand the reasons for the underrepresentation of women of color and how more women of color might be elected in the future, this article presents a case study of a unique campaign training program designed for women of color. The program is the Center for American Women and Politi…
Gender Backlash in American Politics
In this essay, I start to sketch a research agenda about an electoral backlash against women's descriptive representation. Few scholars have considered the possibility of such a backlash. By “backlash,” I mean resistance to attempts to change the status quo. As Jane Mansbridge and Shauna Shames argue in this issue, when actors disadvantaged by the status quo work to enact change, they may be met by a reaction by those seeking to maintain existing…
Playing a Different Race Card
There is much debate about the reach and seriousness of racial prejudice today. We ask: How do ordinary people come to view events as racist? Using an experiment, we investigate the effects of elite charges of racism on public perceptions of police conduct. We test several hypotheses, including discounting, expertise, and ingroup bias, pertaining to how public stereotypes moderate elite influence. We find that stereotypes matter, and that Democra…
Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Gender Balance in Government
The desire to elect more women to public office is likely to affect a range of political behaviors and may explain the relatively low levels of women's descriptive representation overall. Yet, little is known about the public's view of the ideal gender composition of government. We find that the public expresses a preference for higher levels of women's representation than the country has experienced. Women are more likely than men to express a v…
Political Knowledge and Gender Stereotypes
This study uses original data to investigate the individual-level determinants of voters' political gender stereotypes. I find that beliefs about men's emotional suitability for politics predict voter stereotypes about the ability of politicians to handle issues, whereas political knowledge predicts voter stereotypes about politicians' issue positions. Therefore, whereas some political gender stereotypes can primarily be explained by beliefs abou…
Trends
Scholars frequently invoke the term “women of color” (WOC) in their research, and, increasingly, the media make reference to WOC in news stories. Despite this common usage, researchers have failed to investigate whether the phrase WOC is politically advantageous. That is, do all women, black, Latina, Asian, white, and mixed-race women, support WOC candidates? This omission is unfortunate considering the large body of literature about race and gen…
The Legislative Party and Candidate Recruitment in the American States
Parties in the legislature have become central to the recruitment of candidates, overshadowing the role traditionally played by the local and state parties. In this article, I analyze original data from a recent national mail survey of state legislative leaders in order to understand why some legislative parties are more involved in recruitment than others, testing several competing theories of party activities. I find that legislative leaders ar…
The politics of “women of color”
The political term “women of color” (WOC) emerged in the late 1970s in Black feminist organizing spaces as a rejection of a singular emphasis on a woman identity. At that time, a WOC identity signaled a political commitment to solidarity politics. Currently, the term “women of color” (WOC) is used by the media and among politicians but without much explicit discussion of its history. Given WOC’s continued presence in American politics, the questi…
Women's Underrepresentation in the U.S. Congress
Women's elective office-holding stands at an all-time high in the United States. Yet women are far from parity. This underrepresentation is surprising given that more women than men vote. Gender–as a feature of both society and politics–has always worked alongside race to determine which groups possess the formal and informal resources and opportunities critical for winning elective office. But how gender connects to office-holding is not fixed; …
Advancing Research on Gender and Gubernatorial Campaign Finance
This research note argues for scholarly attention to campaign finance in order to better understand why more women have not achieved gubernatorial office. We present an exploratory analysis of newly available data with a focus on 2010 to 2018 open-seat primaries. Our findings of gender differences in the structure of campaign receipts demonstrate the need for additional investigation of gubernatorial elections – elections that previous gender and…
Women Voters and the Utility of Campaigning as “Women of Color
Women candidates from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups must cast a wide net when attracting voter support to win elections. One aspect of their candidate profile is the ability to campaign explicitly as a "woman of color." Despite increased media usage of the term women of color, few academic studies focus on whether and how this term resonates with voters. We analyze original survey data collected in 2020 to probe voter reaction to the …
Men of Color, Linked Fate, and Support for Women of Color Candidates
Scholars are increasingly interested in "of color" identities. Yet, studies of "of color" identities have neglected attention to the gendered identities of men who could be categorized as "of color." Meanwhile, women of color are playing a growing role in US politics as candidates and elected officials but are underrepresented in comparison with their presence in the population. We investigate whether Black and Latino men express a "men of color"…
Women and unequal voice in governors’ races
This research note investigates women’s political participation and political influence as donors for contests typically neglected by American politics researchers: gubernatorial elections. Our original study of individual contributions (2000–2018) finds that women are underrepresented as donors to gubernatorial elections with large differences across the two parties. Moreover, gendered patterns indicate that women – of both parties – tend to be …
Public support for “more” women in Congress
Is political knowledge about the actual level of women's representation still related to support for women's descriptive representation? Using data from the 2018 CCES, I find that knowledge of the level of women's presence in Congress is related to support for women's representation. Consistent with findings from prior research, those who overestimate the percentage of women in Congress are less supportive of electing “more” women whereas those w…
The Boundaries of “Women of Color
Women candidates are increasingly referred to as "women of color." But who the public sees as women of color is unclear. We ask how non-Hispanic whites, who are still the largest voting group, perceive which racial/ethnic groups of women are included in the "women of color" group. We find heterogeneity in who white Americans believe are "women of color" – differences that are connected to political support for women of color candidates. We analyz…
Gender Pools and Puzzles
The “social eligibility pool” stands as one of the most common, and most powerful, explanations for women's underrepresentation in elective office. By this view, women are underrepresented in elite politics because sex discrimination and socialization have produced a gender imbalance in the occupations that typically precede a political career (Darcy, Welch, and Clark 1994). The scarcity of women in law and business has implications for politics:…
The Political Implications of Identifying as a "Woman of Color" for Latina and Asian American Women
Latinas and Asian American women are often labeled "women of color" (WOC). But taking up the identity of WOC is a choice; not all Latinas and Asian American women self-identify as WOC. Building on intersectionality theory and recent work on "of color" identities, we propose that WOC identification has the potential to translate into broader political alliances with other marginalized groups. We evaluate this expectation with data from the 2020 Co…
Democrats, Republicans, and the Politics of Women's Place
Political Parties and the Recruitment of Women to State Legislatures
This article analyzes the role of political parties in shaping women's representation across the U.S. states. Using data from 1971 to 1999, I analyze several hypotheses about how party affects women's recruitment to the lower houses of state legislatures. I argue that the incentive structure facing potential women candidates is somewhat different for Democratic and Republican women. The social eligibility pool, legislative professionalism, and pa…
Gender Stereotypes and Vote Choice
second body of research argues that voters employ gender stereotypes when they evaluate candidates. These studies are usually based on experiments which manipulate candi? date gender. This study seeks to unite these literatures by incorporating gender stereotypes and hypothetical vote questions involving two candidates in one model. I argue that many voters have a baseline gender preference to vote for male over female candidates, or female over …
Political Knowledge and Gender Stereotypes
This study uses original data to investigate the individual-level determinants of voters' political gender stereotypes. I find that beliefs about men's emotional suitability for politics predict voter stereotypes about the ability of politicians to handle issues, whereas political knowledge predicts voter stereotypes about politicians' issue positions. Therefore, whereas some political gender stereotypes can primarily be explained by beliefs abou…
Gender-Related Political Knowledge and the Descriptive Representation of Women
Where Women Run
Why don't more women run for office? Why are certain states more likely to have female candidates and representatives? Would strengthening political parties narrow the national gender gap? Where Women Run addresses these important questions through a rare and incisive look at how candidates are recruited. Drawing on surveys and case studies of party leaders and legislators in six states, political scientist Kira Sanbonmatsu analyzes the links bet…
Do Parties Know That “Women Win”? Party Leader Beliefs about Women's Electoral Chances
Women's groups emphasize the view that women are viable candidates in American politics with the popular slogan "when women run, women win." What do party leaders believe about women's electoral chances? Do parties know that "women win"? In an analysis of state legislative election results, I find few gender differences in candidates' vote share and success rates—two widely used measures of the status of women candidates. Yet I find that many par…
Gender Pools and Puzzles
The “social eligibility pool” stands as one of the most common, and most powerful, explanations for women's underrepresentation in elective office. By this view, women are underrepresented in elite politics because sex discrimination and socialization have produced a gender imbalance in the occupations that typically precede a political career (Darcy, Welch, and Clark 1994). The scarcity of women in law and business has implications for politics:…
The Legislative Party and Candidate Recruitment in the American States
Parties in the legislature have become central to the recruitment of candidates, overshadowing the role traditionally played by the local and state parties. In this article, I analyze original data from a recent national mail survey of state legislative leaders in order to understand why some legislative parties are more involved in recruitment than others, testing several competing theories of party activities. I find that legislative leaders ar…
Playing a Different Race Card
There is much debate about the reach and seriousness of racial prejudice today. We ask: How do ordinary people come to view events as racist? Using an experiment, we investigate the effects of elite charges of racism on public perceptions of police conduct. We test several hypotheses, including discounting, expertise, and ingroup bias, pertaining to how public stereotypes moderate elite influence. We find that stereotypes matter, and that Democra…
Gender Backlash in American Politics
In this essay, I start to sketch a research agenda about an electoral backlash against women's descriptive representation. Few scholars have considered the possibility of such a backlash. By “backlash,” I mean resistance to attempts to change the status quo. As Jane Mansbridge and Shauna Shames argue in this issue, when actors disadvantaged by the status quo work to enact change, they may be met by a reaction by those seeking to maintain existing…
Do Gender Stereotypes Transcend Party
Voters hold stereotypes about candidate gender and candidate party. Yet little is known about the intersection of gender and party stereotypes. In this article, we investigate whether gender stereotypes transcend party. We consider whether gender stereotypes affect woman politicians differently by party and examine the effect of partisan identification on gender stereotypes. We find that the public perceives gender differences within both politic…
Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Gender Balance in Government
The desire to elect more women to public office is likely to affect a range of political behaviors and may explain the relatively low levels of women's descriptive representation overall. Yet, little is known about the public's view of the ideal gender composition of government. We find that the public expresses a preference for higher levels of women's representation than the country has experienced. Women are more likely than men to express a v…
The Motherless State
More Women Can Run
Apsa Committees
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button
Electing Women of Color
The increasing racial diversity of women in the United States makes the underrepresentation of women of color in politics an important area for research. To better understand the reasons for the underrepresentation of women of color and how more women of color might be elected in the future, this article presents a case study of a unique campaign training program designed for women of color. The program is the Center for American Women and Politi…
Apsa Teaching and Learning Conference and Track Summaries
This year's program committee organized a dynamic program of sessions and workshops around the theme "The 21st Century Classroom: Creating an Engaging Environment for All Students," focusing on best practices and inventive methodologies for the political science classroom
Public support for “more” women in Congress
Is political knowledge about the actual level of women's representation still related to support for women's descriptive representation? Using data from the 2018 CCES, I find that knowledge of the level of women's presence in Congress is related to support for women's representation. Consistent with findings from prior research, those who overestimate the percentage of women in Congress are less supportive of electing “more” women whereas those w…
Women's Underrepresentation in the U.S. Congress
Women's elective office-holding stands at an all-time high in the United States. Yet women are far from parity. This underrepresentation is surprising given that more women than men vote. Gender–as a feature of both society and politics–has always worked alongside race to determine which groups possess the formal and informal resources and opportunities critical for winning elective office. But how gender connects to office-holding is not fixed; …
Advancing Research on Gender and Gubernatorial Campaign Finance
This research note argues for scholarly attention to campaign finance in order to better understand why more women have not achieved gubernatorial office. We present an exploratory analysis of newly available data with a focus on 2010 to 2018 open-seat primaries. Our findings of gender differences in the structure of campaign receipts demonstrate the need for additional investigation of gubernatorial elections – elections that previous gender and…
The politics of “women of color”
The political term “women of color” (WOC) emerged in the late 1970s in Black feminist organizing spaces as a rejection of a singular emphasis on a woman identity. At that time, a WOC identity signaled a political commitment to solidarity politics. Currently, the term “women of color” (WOC) is used by the media and among politicians but without much explicit discussion of its history. Given WOC’s continued presence in American politics, the questi…
Women and unequal voice in governors’ races
This research note investigates women’s political participation and political influence as donors for contests typically neglected by American politics researchers: gubernatorial elections. Our original study of individual contributions (2000–2018) finds that women are underrepresented as donors to gubernatorial elections with large differences across the two parties. Moreover, gendered patterns indicate that women – of both parties – tend to be …
Trends
Scholars frequently invoke the term “women of color” (WOC) in their research, and, increasingly, the media make reference to WOC in news stories. Despite this common usage, researchers have failed to investigate whether the phrase WOC is politically advantageous. That is, do all women, black, Latina, Asian, white, and mixed-race women, support WOC candidates? This omission is unfortunate considering the large body of literature about race and gen…
Studying Legislatures at the Intersection of Gender and Race
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Gender Politics and Representation (27 obras) · Political science (27 obras) · Politics (27 obras) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (24 obras) · Law (23 obras) · Law (21 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Gender Studies (17 obras) · Gender Studies (16 obras) · Psychology (16 obras)