Justin Dixon
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 85082 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Justin Dixon |
| PRENOMES | Justin |
| SOBRENOME | Dixon |
| ASSINATURA | DIXON J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7706-7305 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 13 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2012 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life after tuberculosis treatment in Zimbabwe
Chronic conditions both drive development of and are consequences of tuberculosis (TB). While there is growing awareness of chronic lung disease, data on other health conditions post-TB are limited. In this cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe, we offered adults with pulmonary TB an integrated health check at or after treatment completion, assessing uptake and yield. Members of the same households were also offered the intervention. Selecting househ…
Tuberculosis Under Apartheid in Cape Town, South Africa, 1950–1989
This article explores the paradox that tuberculosis (TB) in the post-war period had become ‘a completely curable disease’ yet remained a leading cause of death amongst global majority populations. Cape Town, South Africa, in the apartheid era provides our case study of the structural violence that inhibited appropriate social and clinical interventions. We first review recent historical literature on TB in global health, then describe the develop…
Understanding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and its control measures on women and children
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed significant health policy challenges, particularly for low-income countries, where policymakers faced both direct threats from the virus and social and economic harm owing to lockdown measures. We present a holistic contextualized case study of the direct and indirect impacts on women and children, highlighting disparities across socioeconomic, age, and gender groups. We utilized multiple data sources…
Infectious diseases burden and antibiotic prescribing patterns among primary care patients in Harare, Zimbabwe – a cross-sectional analysis
Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) continue to experience a high burden of infectious diseases and disparities in access to and use of antimicrobials, yet data on antibiotic prescribing in outpatient settings, where the majority of global prescriptions occur, remain scarce. The objective of this study is to provide data on diagnoses and antibiotic prescriptions among primary care patients in Harare, Zimbabwe. We conducted a retrospective stu…
Ration or compassion? Stakeholder perspectives on the introduction of bedaquiline in South Africa
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency that poses a significant challenge to disease control efforts that rely on antibiotics. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major contributor to global AMR, but its management has historically often remained confined to TB-specific discussions. The emergence of bedaquiline (BDQ), the first novel TB drug in decades, is a moment of potential confluence between AMR and DR-TB. By examin…
Integrated health checks as a person-centred approach to systematic screening of household tuberculosis contacts
Globally, tuberculosis incidence and mortality is driven by syndemic interactions of tuberculosis with other chronic conditions including HIV, diabetes and undernutrition in a deleterious social and structural context, often characterised by poverty. Systematic screening for tuberculosis among household contacts is a core element of the WHO tuberculosis strategy but is hampered in high-tuberculosis incidence settings by health system constraints …
Multimorbidity and health system priorities in Zimbabwe
Multimorbidity, increasingly recognised as a global health challenge, has recently emerged on the health agendas of many countries experiencing rapid epidemiological change, including in Africa. Yet with its conceptual origins in the global North, its meaning and possible utility in African contexts remains abstract. This study drew together policymakers, public health practitioners, academics, health informaticians, health professionals, and peo…
Hospital referral patterns amongst older adults in Zimbabwe
Over the coming decades Africa is projected to undergo a significant demographic shift towards an older population. Healthcare provision for older adults is made more complex by age-related multimorbidity and frailty, which contribute to older adults more frequently requiring intensive, hospital-based treatment than those in younger age groups. We investigate age and sex-stratified, diagnosis-specific hospital referral patterns in Harare, Zimbabw…
Interdisciplinary perspectives on multimorbidity in Africa
Multimorbidity is an emerging challenge for health systems globally. It is commonly defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person, but its meaning remains a lively area of academic debate, and the utility of the concept beyond high-income settings is uncertain. This article presents the findings from an interdisciplinary research initiative that drew together 60 academic and applied partners working in 10 African co…
Household antibiotic use in Malawi
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to public health. Use of antibiotics, particularly in contexts where weaker regulatory frameworks make informal access easier, has been identified as an important driver of AMR. However, knowledge is limited about the ways antibiotics are used in communities in Malawi and sub-Saharan Africa. Between April and July 2021, we undertook a cross-sectional survey of community antibiotic use practic…
Exploring Covid-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers in Zimbabwe
With COVID-19 no longer categorized as a public health emergency of international concern, vaccination strategies and priority groups for vaccination have evolved. Africa Centres for Diseases Prevention and Control proposed the ‘100-100-70%’ strategy which aims to vaccinate all healthcare workers, all vulnerable groups, and 70% of the general population. Understanding whether healthcare workers were reached during previous vaccination campaigns a…
Understanding antimicrobial use in subsistence farmers in Chikwawa District Malawi, implications for public awareness campaigns
Drug resistant infections are increasing across the world and urgent action is required to preserve current classes of antibiotics. Antibiotic use practices in low-and-middle-income countries have gained international attention, especially as antibiotics are often accessed beyond the formal health system. Public awareness campaigns have gained popularity, often conceptualising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a problem of excess, precipitated by…
Antibiotics and the Biopolitics of Sex Work in Zimbabwe
The advent of antibiotics transformed the global public health landscape, dramatically improving health outcomes. Drawing on historical and ethnographic research on sex work in Zimbabwe, we examine the role of antibiotics in the management of sexually transmitted infections among sex workers, from punitive colonial approaches to "empowerment"-based discourses. We illustrate how programs for sex workers, while valued by these women, are narrow, ex…
Antibiotic Arrivals in Africa
The mass production of antibiotics in the 1940s enabled their travel beyond Europe and America, but to date the significance of the ways in which these medicines co-constituted colonial regimes at the time has not been systematically described. Through a case study of yaws and syphilis, this research article traces arrivals of antibiotics in three countries of Eastern Africa-Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Uganda. We draw attention to the emergent roles of…
Antibiotic stories
BACKGROUND: As concerns about the prevalence of infections that are resistant to available antibiotics increase, attention has turned toward the use of these medicines both within and outside of formal healthcare settings. Much of what is known about use beyond formal settings is informed by survey-based research. Few studies to date have used comparative, mixed-methods approaches to render visible patterns of use within and between settings as w…
Understanding antimicrobial resistance through the lens of antibiotic vulnerabilities in primary health care in rural Malawi
The diminishing effectiveness of antimicrobials raises serious concerns for human health. While policy makers grapple to reduce the overuse of antimicrobial medicines to stem the rise of antimicrobial resistance, insufficient attention has been paid to how this applies to low-resource contexts. We provide an in-depth portrayal of antimicrobial prescribing at primary health care level in rural Chikwawa District, Malawi. Ethnographic fieldwork took…
Antibiotics, rational drug use and the architecture of global health in Zimbabwe
Rising concerns around antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have led to a renewed push to rationalise antibiotic prescribing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is increasing unease in conceptualising antibiotic use as individuals behaving '(ir)rationally' and recognition that rising use is emergent of and contributing to wider economic and political challenges. But in between these individual and societal 'drivers' of antibiotic use is …
The ‘Drug Bag’ method
Understanding the prevalence and types of antibiotics used in a given human and/or animal population is important for informing stewardship strategies. Methods used to capture such data often rely on verbal elicitation of reported use that tend to assume shared medical terminology. Studies have shown the category 'antibiotic' does not translate well linguistically or conceptually, which limits the accuracy of these reports. This article presents …
Opening up 'fever', closing down medicines
Rising concerns about antimicrobial resistance have sparked a renewed push to rationalise and ration the use of medicines. This article explores the case of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guideline, a periodically updated 'global' algorithm that shapes and normalises the centrality of medicines to care in low- and middle-income countries and, increasingly, the imperative to ration them. Using 'classification work' as analyt…
Globalised tuberculosis control in local worlds
Despite a steady global decline in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), progress towards health targets has been slow and a crisis of drug-resistant strains of TB continues unabated. The United Nations high-level meeting on TB in September 2018 resulted in a renewed push to invest in drugs, diagnostics and vaccines to “reach” those most vulnerable to the disease. Yet, an overriding focus on biomedical technologies to manage TB at the expense of me…
A disease beyond reach
Although access to healthcare has improved since South Africa’s democratic transition, neoliberal reforms have had detrimental effects on clinic-community and nurse-patient relationships, undermining efforts to control tuberculosis (TB). This article focuses upon the work of nurses in three public health clinics in the Western Cape, South Africa. We explore how they experienced, made sense of and grappled with the challenges of TB control, especi…
Clean Blood, Religion, and Moral Triage in Tuberculosis Vaccine Trials
During ethnographic research at a tuberculosis vaccine trial site in South Africa, trial participants often evoked the idiom of "clean blood." In this article, we illustrate how the trials enacted a form of moral triage in which "objective" bioscientific knowledge and moral subjectivity were coproduced. Participation created possibilities to demonstrate healthiness, respectability, and godliness in a context where positive self-imaginings were ha…
Aids, intimacy and care in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Protocol and beyond
Much of the current social science literature on the clinical trials industry focuses on the profit-seeking practices adopted by pharmaceutical companies and the contract research organisations they employ to enable the mass production and distribution of their products. However, what the current literature demands is further ethnographic engagement with the particularities of the diseases being investigated, the local contexts and histories in w…
Antibiotics, rational drug use and the architecture of global health in Zimbabwe
Rising concerns around antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have led to a renewed push to rationalise antibiotic prescribing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is increasing unease in conceptualising antibiotic use as individuals behaving '(ir)rationally' and recognition that rising use is emergent of and contributing to wider economic and political challenges. But in between these individual and societal 'drivers' of antibiotic use is …
Clean Blood, Religion, and Moral Triage in Tuberculosis Vaccine Trials
During ethnographic research at a tuberculosis vaccine trial site in South Africa, trial participants often evoked the idiom of "clean blood." In this article, we illustrate how the trials enacted a form of moral triage in which "objective" bioscientific knowledge and moral subjectivity were coproduced. Participation created possibilities to demonstrate healthiness, respectability, and godliness in a context where positive self-imaginings were ha…
Globalised tuberculosis control in local worlds
Despite a steady global decline in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), progress towards health targets has been slow and a crisis of drug-resistant strains of TB continues unabated. The United Nations high-level meeting on TB in September 2018 resulted in a renewed push to invest in drugs, diagnostics and vaccines to “reach” those most vulnerable to the disease. Yet, an overriding focus on biomedical technologies to manage TB at the expense of me…
Protocol and beyond
Much of the current social science literature on the clinical trials industry focuses on the profit-seeking practices adopted by pharmaceutical companies and the contract research organisations they employ to enable the mass production and distribution of their products. However, what the current literature demands is further ethnographic engagement with the particularities of the diseases being investigated, the local contexts and histories in w…
Aids, intimacy and care in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Globalised tuberculosis control in local worlds
Despite a steady global decline in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), progress towards health targets has been slow and a crisis of drug-resistant strains of TB continues unabated. The United Nations high-level meeting on TB in September 2018 resulted in a renewed push to invest in drugs, diagnostics and vaccines to “reach” those most vulnerable to the disease. Yet, an overriding focus on biomedical technologies to manage TB at the expense of me…
A disease beyond reach
Although access to healthcare has improved since South Africa’s democratic transition, neoliberal reforms have had detrimental effects on clinic-community and nurse-patient relationships, undermining efforts to control tuberculosis (TB). This article focuses upon the work of nurses in three public health clinics in the Western Cape, South Africa. We explore how they experienced, made sense of and grappled with the challenges of TB control, especi…
Clean Blood, Religion, and Moral Triage in Tuberculosis Vaccine Trials
During ethnographic research at a tuberculosis vaccine trial site in South Africa, trial participants often evoked the idiom of "clean blood." In this article, we illustrate how the trials enacted a form of moral triage in which "objective" bioscientific knowledge and moral subjectivity were coproduced. Participation created possibilities to demonstrate healthiness, respectability, and godliness in a context where positive self-imaginings were ha…
The ‘Drug Bag’ method
Understanding the prevalence and types of antibiotics used in a given human and/or animal population is important for informing stewardship strategies. Methods used to capture such data often rely on verbal elicitation of reported use that tend to assume shared medical terminology. Studies have shown the category 'antibiotic' does not translate well linguistically or conceptually, which limits the accuracy of these reports. This article presents …
Opening up 'fever', closing down medicines
Rising concerns about antimicrobial resistance have sparked a renewed push to rationalise and ration the use of medicines. This article explores the case of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guideline, a periodically updated 'global' algorithm that shapes and normalises the centrality of medicines to care in low- and middle-income countries and, increasingly, the imperative to ration them. Using 'classification work' as analyt…
Antibiotic stories
BACKGROUND: As concerns about the prevalence of infections that are resistant to available antibiotics increase, attention has turned toward the use of these medicines both within and outside of formal healthcare settings. Much of what is known about use beyond formal settings is informed by survey-based research. Few studies to date have used comparative, mixed-methods approaches to render visible patterns of use within and between settings as w…
Understanding antimicrobial resistance through the lens of antibiotic vulnerabilities in primary health care in rural Malawi
The diminishing effectiveness of antimicrobials raises serious concerns for human health. While policy makers grapple to reduce the overuse of antimicrobial medicines to stem the rise of antimicrobial resistance, insufficient attention has been paid to how this applies to low-resource contexts. We provide an in-depth portrayal of antimicrobial prescribing at primary health care level in rural Chikwawa District, Malawi. Ethnographic fieldwork took…
Antibiotics, rational drug use and the architecture of global health in Zimbabwe
Rising concerns around antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have led to a renewed push to rationalise antibiotic prescribing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is increasing unease in conceptualising antibiotic use as individuals behaving '(ir)rationally' and recognition that rising use is emergent of and contributing to wider economic and political challenges. But in between these individual and societal 'drivers' of antibiotic use is …
Understanding antimicrobial use in subsistence farmers in Chikwawa District Malawi, implications for public awareness campaigns
Drug resistant infections are increasing across the world and urgent action is required to preserve current classes of antibiotics. Antibiotic use practices in low-and-middle-income countries have gained international attention, especially as antibiotics are often accessed beyond the formal health system. Public awareness campaigns have gained popularity, often conceptualising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a problem of excess, precipitated by…
Antibiotics and the Biopolitics of Sex Work in Zimbabwe
The advent of antibiotics transformed the global public health landscape, dramatically improving health outcomes. Drawing on historical and ethnographic research on sex work in Zimbabwe, we examine the role of antibiotics in the management of sexually transmitted infections among sex workers, from punitive colonial approaches to "empowerment"-based discourses. We illustrate how programs for sex workers, while valued by these women, are narrow, ex…
Antibiotic Arrivals in Africa
The mass production of antibiotics in the 1940s enabled their travel beyond Europe and America, but to date the significance of the ways in which these medicines co-constituted colonial regimes at the time has not been systematically described. Through a case study of yaws and syphilis, this research article traces arrivals of antibiotics in three countries of Eastern Africa-Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Uganda. We draw attention to the emergent roles of…
Household antibiotic use in Malawi
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to public health. Use of antibiotics, particularly in contexts where weaker regulatory frameworks make informal access easier, has been identified as an important driver of AMR. However, knowledge is limited about the ways antibiotics are used in communities in Malawi and sub-Saharan Africa. Between April and July 2021, we undertook a cross-sectional survey of community antibiotic use practic…
Exploring Covid-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers in Zimbabwe
With COVID-19 no longer categorized as a public health emergency of international concern, vaccination strategies and priority groups for vaccination have evolved. Africa Centres for Diseases Prevention and Control proposed the ‘100-100-70%’ strategy which aims to vaccinate all healthcare workers, all vulnerable groups, and 70% of the general population. Understanding whether healthcare workers were reached during previous vaccination campaigns a…
Interdisciplinary perspectives on multimorbidity in Africa
Multimorbidity is an emerging challenge for health systems globally. It is commonly defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in one person, but its meaning remains a lively area of academic debate, and the utility of the concept beyond high-income settings is uncertain. This article presents the findings from an interdisciplinary research initiative that drew together 60 academic and applied partners working in 10 African co…
Understanding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and its control measures on women and children
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed significant health policy challenges, particularly for low-income countries, where policymakers faced both direct threats from the virus and social and economic harm owing to lockdown measures. We present a holistic contextualized case study of the direct and indirect impacts on women and children, highlighting disparities across socioeconomic, age, and gender groups. We utilized multiple data sources…
Infectious diseases burden and antibiotic prescribing patterns among primary care patients in Harare, Zimbabwe – a cross-sectional analysis
Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) continue to experience a high burden of infectious diseases and disparities in access to and use of antimicrobials, yet data on antibiotic prescribing in outpatient settings, where the majority of global prescriptions occur, remain scarce. The objective of this study is to provide data on diagnoses and antibiotic prescriptions among primary care patients in Harare, Zimbabwe. We conducted a retrospective stu…
Ration or compassion? Stakeholder perspectives on the introduction of bedaquiline in South Africa
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency that poses a significant challenge to disease control efforts that rely on antibiotics. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major contributor to global AMR, but its management has historically often remained confined to TB-specific discussions. The emergence of bedaquiline (BDQ), the first novel TB drug in decades, is a moment of potential confluence between AMR and DR-TB. By examin…
Integrated health checks as a person-centred approach to systematic screening of household tuberculosis contacts
Globally, tuberculosis incidence and mortality is driven by syndemic interactions of tuberculosis with other chronic conditions including HIV, diabetes and undernutrition in a deleterious social and structural context, often characterised by poverty. Systematic screening for tuberculosis among household contacts is a core element of the WHO tuberculosis strategy but is hampered in high-tuberculosis incidence settings by health system constraints …
Multimorbidity and health system priorities in Zimbabwe
Multimorbidity, increasingly recognised as a global health challenge, has recently emerged on the health agendas of many countries experiencing rapid epidemiological change, including in Africa. Yet with its conceptual origins in the global North, its meaning and possible utility in African contexts remains abstract. This study drew together policymakers, public health practitioners, academics, health informaticians, health professionals, and peo…
Hospital referral patterns amongst older adults in Zimbabwe
Over the coming decades Africa is projected to undergo a significant demographic shift towards an older population. Healthcare provision for older adults is made more complex by age-related multimorbidity and frailty, which contribute to older adults more frequently requiring intensive, hospital-based treatment than those in younger age groups. We investigate age and sex-stratified, diagnosis-specific hospital referral patterns in Harare, Zimbabw…
Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life after tuberculosis treatment in Zimbabwe
Chronic conditions both drive development of and are consequences of tuberculosis (TB). While there is growing awareness of chronic lung disease, data on other health conditions post-TB are limited. In this cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe, we offered adults with pulmonary TB an integrated health check at or after treatment completion, assessing uptake and yield. Members of the same households were also offered the intervention. Selecting househ…
Tuberculosis Under Apartheid in Cape Town, South Africa, 1950–1989
This article explores the paradox that tuberculosis (TB) in the post-war period had become ‘a completely curable disease’ yet remained a leading cause of death amongst global majority populations. Cape Town, South Africa, in the apartheid era provides our case study of the structural violence that inhibited appropriate social and clinical interventions. We first review recent historical literature on TB in global health, then describe the develop…
Medicine (18 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Sociology (10 obras) · Geography (9 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (9 obras) · Health care (8 obras) · Economic growth (7 obras) · Environmental health (7 obras) · Antibiotic Use and Resistance (6 obras) · Antibiotics (6 obras)