George A Kaplan
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 86987 |
|---|---|
| NOME | George A Kaplan |
| PRENOMES | George A |
| SOBRENOME | Kaplan |
| ASSINATURA | KAPLAN G A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Michigan |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 54 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 315 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1983 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Trends and Variation in the Gap Between Current and Anticipated Life Satisfaction in the United States, 2008–2020
Objectives. To describe national- and county-level trends and variation in a novel measure of hope. Methods. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (n = 2 766 728), we summarized the difference between anticipated life satisfaction (ALS) and current life satisfaction (CLS), measured by the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, for each year from 2008 to 2020 and by county over two 5-year periods in the United States. Results. Acr…
Project Earthrise
The "Earthrise" photograph, taken on the 1968 Apollo 8 mission, became one of the most significant images of the 20th Century. It triggered a profound shift in environmental awareness and the potential for human unity-inspiring the first Earth Day in 1970. Taking inspiration from these events 50 years later, we initiated Project Earthrise at our 2020 annual conference of in VIVO Planetary Health. This builds on the emergent concept of planetary h…
Parental Alcohol Problems, Parental Divorce, and Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood
OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease and a serious global public health concern increasing both mortality and morbidity. Previous studies have found evidence for an association between early psychological stress and diabetes later in life. METHODS: This study examined the association between parental alcohol problems and parental divorce and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Finnish men aged 42 to 61 years (n = 754) in a prospective …
Socioeconomic position, John Henryism, and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men
Neighbourhood food, physical activity, and educational environments and black/white disparities in obesity
BACKGROUND: Multiple approaches that can contribute to reducing obesity have been proposed. These policies may share overlapping pathways, and may have unanticipated consequences, creating considerable complexity. Aiming to illuminate the use of agent-based models to explore the consequences of key policies, this paper simulates the effects of increasing neighbourhood availability of good food stores, physical activity infrastructure and higher s…
A Call for Global Discussion on Universal Coverage
Do depressive symptoms predict the incidence of myocardial infarction independent of hopelessness
Depression and hopelessness predict myocardial infarction, but it is unclear whether depression and hopelessness are independent predictors of myocardial infarction incidents. Hopelessness, depression, and myocardial infarction incidence rate 18 years later were measured in 2005 men. Cox regressions were conducted with hopelessness and depression serving as individual predictors of myocardial infarction. Another Cox model examined whether the two…
Are there hopeless neighborhoods? An exploration of environmental associations between individual-level feelings of hopelessness and neighborhood characteristics
Economic crises
Hopelessness, Depression, and Early Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in U.S. Adults
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the psychological traits of hopelessness and depressive symptoms are related to endothelial dysfunction. METHODS: Data are derived from a subsample of 434 respondents in the 2001 to 2003 Chicago Community Adult Health Study, a population-based survey designed to study the impact of psychological attributes, neighborhood environment, and socioeconomic circumstances on adults aged ≥18 years. Circulating biomarkers of e…
Coffee, tea and caffeine intake and the risk of severe depression in middle-aged Finnish men
Objective Only a few cross-sectional studies have assessed the association between coffee, tea and caffeine and the risk of depression. Our aim was to determine the association in a population-based cohort study. Design The population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study cohort was recruited between 1984 and 1989 and followed until the end of 2006. We investigated the association between the intake of coffee, tea and caffeine an…
Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Blacks and Whites
Objectives. We examined associations between several life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) measures (childhood SEP, education, income, occupation) and diabetes incidence from 1965 to 1999 in a sample of 5422 diabetes-free Black and White participants in the Alameda County Study. Methods. Race-specific Cox proportional hazard models estimated diabetes risk associated with each SEP measure. Demographic confounders (age, gender, marital status) a…
Social epidemiology and complex system dynamic modelling as applied to health behaviour and drug use research
Socioeconomic Position and Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease
Biomarkers are an important aspect of research linking psychosocial stress and health. This article aims to characterize the biological pathways that may mediate the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and address opportunities for further research within the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), with a focus on psychosocial stressors related to SEP. We review the literature on CVD biomarkers, inclu…
Childhood Socioeconomic Position, Gender, Adult Body Mass Index, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Over 34 Years in the Alameda County Study
Objectives. We examined the association between childhood socioeconomic position and incidence of type 2 diabetes and the effects of gender and adult body mass index (BMI). Methods. We studied 5913 participants in the Alameda County Study from 1965 to 1999 who were diabetes free at baseline (1965). Cox proportional hazards models estimated diabetes risk associated with childhood socioeconomic position and combined childhood socioeconomic position…
Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and across the life course and all-cause mortality and physical function in adulthood
Objective: To measure the childhood and life course socioeconomic exposures of people born between 1871 and 1949, and then to estimate the probability of death between 1965 and 1994, the probability of functional limitation in 1994, and the combined probability of dying or experiencing functional limitation during this period. Setting, participants and design: Data were from the Alameda County Study (California) and pertained to people aged 17–94…
Understanding social disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control
Impact of economic crisis on cause-specific mortality in South Korea
BACKGROUND: Economic changes can be powerful determinants of health. In the late 1990s, South Korea experienced a steep economic decline. This study examines whether the massive economic changes affected trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in South Korea. METHOD: Mid-year population estimates of 5 year age groups (denominators) and death certificate data (numerators) from the National Statistical Office of Korea were used to compute …
Associations Between Income Inequality and Mortality Among US States
Objectives. We used census data to examine associations between income inequality and mortality among US states for each decade from 1949 to 1999 and tax return income data to estimate associations for 1989. Methods. Cross-sectional correlation analyses were used to assess income inequality–mortality relationships. Results. Census income analyses revealed little association between income inequality and mortality for 1949, 1959, or 1969. An assoc…
The Health of Poor Women Under Welfare Reform
Objectives. We compared the health of single mothers affected by welfare reform with the health of a nationally representative sample of women to document the prevalence of poor health as single mothers experience the effects of welfare reform. Methods. We compared risk factors and measures of health among women randomly sampled from the welfare rolls with similar data from a nationally representative sample of women. Results. Women in our welfar…
Race/Ethnicity, Life-Course Socioeconomic Position, and Body Weight Trajectories Over 34 years
Objectives. We investigated whether race differences in weight gain over 34 years were because of socioeconomic position (SEP) and psychosocial and behavioral factors (physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, depression, marital status, number of children). We used a life-course approach to SEP with 4 measures of SEP (childhood SEP, education, occupation, income) and a cumulative measure of SEP. Methods. We used mixed models and…
Is Income Inequality a Determinant of Population Health? Part 1. A Systematic Review
This article reviews 98 aggregate and multilevel studies examining the associations between income inequality and health. Overall, there seems to be little support for the idea that income inequality is a major, generalizable determinant of population health differences within or between rich countries. Income inequality may, however, directly influence some health outcomes, such as homicide in some contexts. The strongest evidence for direct hea…
Relative or Absolute Standards for Child Poverty
Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to compare the associations of state-referenced and federal poverty measures with states’ infant and child mortality rates. Methods. Compressed mortality and Current Population Survey data were used to examine relationships between mortality and (1) state-referenced poverty (percentage of children below half the state median income) and (2) percentage of children below the federal poverty line. Res…
Epidemiologic evidence for the relation between socioeconomic status and depression, obesity, and diabetes
Childhood socioeconomic position and cognitive function in adulthood
BACKGROUND: Risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease is higher among adults with limited education, and the less educated perform poorer on cognitive function tests. This study determines whether the socioeconomic environment experienced during childhood has an impact on cognitive functioning in middle age. METHODS: A population-based study of eastern Finnish men (n = 496) aged 58 and 64 for whom there were data on parent's socioeconomic position…
Understanding social disparities in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control
Understanding How Inequality in the Distribution of Income Affects Health
Research on the determinants of health has almost exclusively focused on the individual but it seems clear we cannot understand or improve patterns of population health without engaging structural determinants at the societal level. This article traces the development of research on income distribution and health to the most recent epidemiologic studies from the USA that show how income inequality is related to age- adjusted mortality within the …
Race/Ethnicity, Life-Course Socioeconomic Position, and Body Weight Trajectories Over 34 years
Objectives. We investigated whether race differences in weight gain over 34 years were because of socioeconomic position (SEP) and psychosocial and behavioral factors (physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, depression, marital status, number of children). We used a life-course approach to SEP with 4 measures of SEP (childhood SEP, education, occupation, income) and a cumulative measure of SEP. Methods. We used mixed models and…
Factors Associated with Change in Physical Functioning in the Elderly
This study analyzes risk factors associated with 6-year change in physical functioning for 356 members of the Alameda County Study aged 65 and over. Statistically significant associations were found for baseline age, family income, perceived health, number of chronic conditions, prevalent stroke, prevalent heart attack, exercise, going out, marital status, social networks, depression, and internal health locus of control. Relatively strong (but n…
Socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and across the life course and all-cause mortality and physical function in adulthood
Objective: To measure the childhood and life course socioeconomic exposures of people born between 1871 and 1949, and then to estimate the probability of death between 1965 and 1994, the probability of functional limitation in 1994, and the combined probability of dying or experiencing functional limitation during this period. Setting, participants and design: Data were from the Alameda County Study (California) and pertained to people aged 17–94…
Are there hopeless neighborhoods? An exploration of environmental associations between individual-level feelings of hopelessness and neighborhood characteristics
Associations Between Income Inequality and Mortality Among US States
Objectives. We used census data to examine associations between income inequality and mortality among US states for each decade from 1949 to 1999 and tax return income data to estimate associations for 1989. Methods. Cross-sectional correlation analyses were used to assess income inequality–mortality relationships. Results. Census income analyses revealed little association between income inequality and mortality for 1949, 1959, or 1969. An assoc…
Functional Ability in the Oldest Old
The authors studied the relationships between physical functioning and cumulative measures of behavioral and psychosocial risk factors collected over two decades for 91 persons 80 years old and older at follow-up. They found that consistency of physical activity and absence of depression were associated with better functioning as were race (non-Blacks), education, and marital status. A health practices index that combined consistency of moderate …
Psychological distress and mortality
Childhood Socioeconomic Position, Gender, Adult Body Mass Index, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Over 34 Years in the Alameda County Study
Objectives. We examined the association between childhood socioeconomic position and incidence of type 2 diabetes and the effects of gender and adult body mass index (BMI). Methods. We studied 5913 participants in the Alameda County Study from 1965 to 1999 who were diabetes free at baseline (1965). Cox proportional hazards models estimated diabetes risk associated with childhood socioeconomic position and combined childhood socioeconomic position…
The Health of Poor Women Under Welfare Reform
Objectives. We compared the health of single mothers affected by welfare reform with the health of a nationally representative sample of women to document the prevalence of poor health as single mothers experience the effects of welfare reform. Methods. We compared risk factors and measures of health among women randomly sampled from the welfare rolls with similar data from a nationally representative sample of women. Results. Women in our welfar…
Epidemiologic Observations on the Compression of Morbidity
Data on the health experience of two cohorts of Alameda County, California adults selected in 1965 and 1974 are used to examine evidence for a compression of morbidity. These data, based on two representative cohorts that have been prospectively followed, indicate major declines in age-specific mortality rates between the two cohorts. Accompanying these declines in risk of death is an increase in the age-specific prevalence of a number of chronic…
The Health Consequences of Multiple Morbidity in the Elderly
Longitudinal data from the Alameda County Study are used to examine three health consequences of multiple or co-morbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions and/or symptoms. Age-adjusted analyses of the consequences of baseline co-morbidity show significant associations in both age groups with 17-year mortality, and with the development of multiple new conditions and the occurrence of depression over a 9-year follow-up.…
Economic crises
Socioeconomic position, John Henryism, and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men
Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Blacks and Whites
Objectives. We examined associations between several life-course socioeconomic position (SEP) measures (childhood SEP, education, income, occupation) and diabetes incidence from 1965 to 1999 in a sample of 5422 diabetes-free Black and White participants in the Alameda County Study. Methods. Race-specific Cox proportional hazard models estimated diabetes risk associated with each SEP measure. Demographic confounders (age, gender, marital status) a…
Socioeconomic Position and Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease
Biomarkers are an important aspect of research linking psychosocial stress and health. This article aims to characterize the biological pathways that may mediate the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and address opportunities for further research within the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), with a focus on psychosocial stressors related to SEP. We review the literature on CVD biomarkers, inclu…
Relative or Absolute Standards for Child Poverty
Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to compare the associations of state-referenced and federal poverty measures with states’ infant and child mortality rates. Methods. Compressed mortality and Current Population Survey data were used to examine relationships between mortality and (1) state-referenced poverty (percentage of children below half the state median income) and (2) percentage of children below the federal poverty line. Res…
Trends and Variation in the Gap Between Current and Anticipated Life Satisfaction in the United States, 2008–2020
Objectives. To describe national- and county-level trends and variation in a novel measure of hope. Methods. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (n = 2 766 728), we summarized the difference between anticipated life satisfaction (ALS) and current life satisfaction (CLS), measured by the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, for each year from 2008 to 2020 and by county over two 5-year periods in the United States. Results. Acr…
Neighbourhood food, physical activity, and educational environments and black/white disparities in obesity
BACKGROUND: Multiple approaches that can contribute to reducing obesity have been proposed. These policies may share overlapping pathways, and may have unanticipated consequences, creating considerable complexity. Aiming to illuminate the use of agent-based models to explore the consequences of key policies, this paper simulates the effects of increasing neighbourhood availability of good food stores, physical activity infrastructure and higher s…
A Call for Global Discussion on Universal Coverage
Socioeconomic considerations in the health of urban areas
Perceived Health and Mortality
Kaplan, G. A. (Human Population Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94704) and T. Camacho. Perceived health and mortality: a nine-year follow-up of the Human Population Laboratory cohort. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 117: 292–304. The association between perceived health ratings (“excellent, ” “good, ” “fair,” and “poor”) and mortality was assessed using the 1965 Human Population Laboratory survey of a random sample of 6928 adults in Alameda County, California, and…
Psychosocial Predictors of Depression
The association between status attributes, personal resources, life stress, physical health, and occurrence of depressive symptoms nine years later was assessed by the 1965 Human Population Laboratory survey of a random sample of 6,928 adults in Alameda County, California, and by a subsequent follow-up survey in 1974. In multiple logistic analyses, depressive symptoms at baseline, low education, physical disability or presence of chronic conditio…
Poverty and Health Prospective Evidence From the Alameda County Study
To examine the reasons for the association between socioeconomic status and poor health, the authors examined the nine-year mortality experience of a random sample of residents aged 35 and over in Oakland, California. Residents of a federally designated poverty area experienced higher age-, race-, and sex-adjusted mortality over the follow-up period compared with residents of nonpoverty areas (relative risk = 1.71, 95 per cent confidence interval…
Social Network Ties and Mortality Among Tile Elderly in the Alameda County Study
Seventeen-year mortality data from the Alameda County Study are used to examine the relative importance of social ties as predictors of survival at different ages, ranging from 38-94 years at baseline. Previous analyses of Alameda County data by Berkman and Syme (Am J Epidemiol 1979;109:186-204) have shown that such ties are significant predictors of lower nine-year mortality risk for persons aged less than 70 years at baseline. Proportional haza…
The Health Consequences of Multiple Morbidity in the Elderly
Longitudinal data from the Alameda County Study are used to examine three health consequences of multiple or co-morbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions and/or symptoms. Age-adjusted analyses of the consequences of baseline co-morbidity show significant associations in both age groups with 17-year mortality, and with the development of multiple new conditions and the occurrence of depression over a 9-year follow-up.…
Social Connections and Risk for Cancer
The association between social connections and cancer incidence, mortality, and prognosis during 17 years of follow-up was examined in a population-based sample of 6,848 adults who lived in Alameda County, California, in 1965. Estimates of relative hazards were derived from Cox regression modeling, adjusting for age, smoking, physical health at baseline, alcohol consumption, and adjusted household income. Women who were socially isolated were at …
Psychological distress and mortality
Epidemiologic Observations on the Compression of Morbidity
Data on the health experience of two cohorts of Alameda County, California adults selected in 1965 and 1974 are used to examine evidence for a compression of morbidity. These data, based on two representative cohorts that have been prospectively followed, indicate major declines in age-specific mortality rates between the two cohorts. Accompanying these declines in risk of death is an increase in the age-specific prevalence of a number of chronic…
Factors Associated with Change in Physical Functioning in the Elderly
This study analyzes risk factors associated with 6-year change in physical functioning for 356 members of the Alameda County Study aged 65 and over. Statistically significant associations were found for baseline age, family income, perceived health, number of chronic conditions, prevalent stroke, prevalent heart attack, exercise, going out, marital status, social networks, depression, and internal health locus of control. Relatively strong (but n…
Functional Ability in the Oldest Old
The authors studied the relationships between physical functioning and cumulative measures of behavioral and psychosocial risk factors collected over two decades for 91 persons 80 years old and older at follow-up. They found that consistency of physical activity and absence of depression were associated with better functioning as were race (non-Blacks), education, and marital status. A health practices index that combined consistency of moderate …
Where Do Shared Pathways Lead? Some Reflections on a Research Agenda
A substantial body of research relates socioeconomic, behavioral, social, and psychological factors to the development and progression of a wide variety of diseases. The search for shared pathways that link these factors leads to the investigation of upstream determinants, as opposed to biologic pathways, but these have been little studied by biobehavioral researchers. Available data suggest that socioeconomic factors structure the development an…
Perceived Health Status and Morbidity and Mortality
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported an increased risk of death in those who report their health is poor, however, the role of underlying and subclinical disease in this association has not been carefully studied. METHODS: The associations between perceived health status and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease, incidence of myocardial infarction, carotid atherosclerosis, forced expiratory volume, and maximal exercise capaci…
Inequality in income and mortality in the United States
Objective : To examine the relation between health outcomes and the equality with which income is distributed in the United States. Design : The degree of income inequality, defined as the percentage of total household income received by the less well off 50% of households, and changes in income inequality were calculated for the 50 states in 1980 and 1990. These measures were then examined in relation to all cause mortality adjusted for age for …
People and Places
While a substantial body of evidence demonstrates a strong association between socioeconomic variables and health outcomes, most analyses conceptualize socioeconomic status as an individual characteristic. This article argues for an expanded view that focuses on the relationship between social class and characteristics of the neighborhood and communities in which people live, and illustrates how these characteristics can provide some new directio…
Hopelessness and Risk of Mortality and Incidence of Myocardial Infarction and Cancer
We examined the relationship among low, moderate, and high levels of hopelessness, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and cancer in a population-based sample of middle-aged men. Participants were 2428 men, ages 42 to 60, from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease study, an ongoing longitudinal study of unestablished psychosocial risk factors for ischemic heart disease and other outcomes. In 6 years of …
Mortality Effects of Community Socioeconomic Status
We linked data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study to census tract information on 239,187 persons to assess 11-year mortality risk among black and white women and women associated with median census tract income, adjusted for individual family income from the Current Population Survey. We stratified Cox proportional hazards models by ages 25-64 years and 65 years and older. We used a robust covariance matrix to obtain standard errors f…
Cumulative Impact of Sustained Economic Hardship on Physical, Cognitive, Psychological, and Social Functioning
BACKGROUND: Although the relation between low income and poor health is well established, most previous research has measured income at only one time. METHODS: We used income information collected in 1965, 1974, and 1983 from a representative sample of adults in Alameda County, California, to examine the cumulative effect of economic hardship (defined as a total household income of less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level) on participan…
Psychosomatic Research at the Margins of Morality-War as a Stressor
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 S. Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2029
Understanding How Inequality in the Distribution of Income Affects Health
Research on the determinants of health has almost exclusively focused on the individual but it seems clear we cannot understand or improve patterns of population health without engaging structural determinants at the societal level. This article traces the development of research on income distribution and health to the most recent epidemiologic studies from the USA that show how income inequality is related to age- adjusted mortality within the …
Macro‐to‐Micro Links in the Relation between Income Inequality and Mortality
A growing literature points to links between income inequality and mortality. Any examination of the link should distinguish, both theoretically and empirically, between shifts in inequality that result from changes in the bottom and top of the income distribution. When state‐level data from the U.S. censuses of 1980 and 1990 were used to measure differences in mortality, the results indicated that inequality measures reflecting depth of poverty …
Exaggerated Cardiovascular Reactivity Is Associated With Increased Left Ventricular Mass
Kamarck, Thomas W.; Jennings, J. Richard; Manuck, Stephen B.; Everson, Susan; Kaplan, George A.; Eranen, Jaakko; Salonen, Jukka T. Author Information
Socioeconomic considerations in the health of urban areas
Prospective Data on Sleep Complaints and Associated Risk Factors in an Older Cohort
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to provide data on the prevalence of insomnia and hypersomnia among older persons, the stability of these sleep complaints over time, and factors associated with disturbed sleep, in particular age. METHOD: Data on symptoms of insomnia and hypersomnia were examined for the 1994 to 1995 cohort of the Alameda County Study. In addition to age, the effects of gender, education, marital status, chronic medical co…
Location, Location, Location
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51477/1/Kaplan GA, Location, Location, Location, 1999.pdf
Lynch et al. Respond
Lynch et al. Respond John Lynch, Susan Everson, and George Kaplan D Carroll, and G D SmithCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.3.416 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Medicine (47 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (38 obras) · Environmental health (31 obras) · Population (28 obras) · Demography (27 obras) · Psychology (22 obras) · Gerontology (18 obras) · Gerontology (17 obras) · Psychiatry (17 obras) · Socioeconomic status (15 obras)