Roy J Shephard
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 88680 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Roy J Shephard |
| PRENOMES | Roy J |
| SOBRENOME | Shephard |
| ASSINATURA | SHEPHARD R J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8546-8179 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 27 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 6 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 27 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1980 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Anthropometric, Psychosocial, Physiological, and Postural Observances During Ramadan in Men With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
This study aimed to carry out a Ramadan observance (RO) on anthropometric, psychosocial, physiological, and postural characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty COPD patients were evaluated. Tests performed 1 week before Ramadan (C), and during the second (R-2) and the fourth weeks of Ramadan (R-4) included standard anthropometry, spirometry, a quality of life questionnaire (VQ11), a 6-minute walking test…
Effects of Unloaded vs. Ankle-Loaded Plyometric Training on the Physical Fitness of U-17 Male Soccer Players
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of two differing plyometric training programs (loaded plyometrics (with 2.5% of body mass placed above the ankle joint) vs. unloaded plyometrics), performed biweekly for 10 weeks, on the physical fitness of elite junior male soccer players. Participants aged 16.0 ± 0.5 years were randomly assigned between unloaded plyometrics (UP; n = 12), loaded plyometrics (LP; n = 14) and control (C; n = 12) grou…
Effects of 25-Min Nap Opportunity during Ramadan Observance on the 5-m Shuttle Run Performance and the Perception of Fatigue in Physically Active Men
We aimed to investigate the effects of a 25-min nap opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT), feelings (i.e., evaluated by the feeling scale), attention (i.e., evaluated by the digit cancellation test) and the perception of fatigue (i.e., recorded by the rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) during Ramadan observance. Twelve physically active men (age: 21.1 ± 3.2 yrs, height: 1.76 ± 0.05 m, body-mass: 71.2 ± 9.3 k…
In-Season Weightlifting Training Exercise in Healthy Male Handball Players
This study assessed the impact of 8 weeks biweekly in-season weightlifting training on the strength, throwing ability, and body composition of healthy male handball players. Twenty players (age: 21.2 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.83 ± 0.08 m, body mass: 83.3 ± 7.5 kg, body fat: 13.2 ± 1.4%, upper limb muscle volume: 3.16 ± 0.16 L) were randomly allocated between experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups. Measures of one-repetition maximal strength inclu…
Changes in social structure and behaviour
‘Modernization’ has brought a multitude of changes in social structures and behaviour patterns to the indigenous circumpolar populations – a process that some authors have termed ‘acculturation’ (Berry, 1976; Forsius, 1980; Sampath, 1976). This chapter looks at objective measures of acculturation and the resulting acculturative stress or alienation, examining the extent and the social effects of cultural change in groups that, until recently, hav…
Habitual physical activity and health-related quality of life in older adults
Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to review relationships of academic performance and some of its determinants to participation in school-based physical activities, including physical education (PE), free school physical activity (PA) and school sports. METHODS: Linkages between academic achievement and involvement in PE, school PA and sport programmes have been examined, based on a systematic review of currently available literature, incl…
Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires
Despite extensive use over 40 years, physical activity questionnaires still show limited reliability and validity. Measurements have value in indicating conditions where an increase in physical activity would be beneficial and in monitoring changes in population activity. However, attempts at detailed interpretation in terms of exercise dosage and the extent of resulting health benefits seem premature. Such usage may become possible through the d…
BMI in the Trois‐Rivières study
This study evaluated intraindividual child–adult and interindividual child–parent relationships of body mass index (BMI) using data from the Trois‐Rivières semilongitudinal study of growth and development. Intraindividual correlations between age 12 and 35 years were substantial (r 2 = 36% of variance in women, 30% of variance in men). Interindividual child–parent correlations for mothers and fathers age 36.6 ± 0.4 and 39.5 ± 0.4 years, respectiv…
Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois‐Rivières Study
This study explored tracking of the body mass index (BMI) in a representative subgroup of subjects (95 women and 96 men) who were involved in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study by testing autocorrelations between data for 10, 11, and 12 years and corresponding values at 34 years of age. Tracking of skinfold measurements (subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal, and their sum) over the same intervals (60 women and 52 men) was …
Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois‐Rivières Study
This study explored tracking of the body mass index (BMI) in a representative subgroup of subjects (95 women and 96 men) who were involved in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study by testing autocorrelations between data for 10, 11, and 12 years and corresponding values at 34 years of age. Tracking of skinfold measurements (subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal, and their sum) over the same intervals (60 women and 52 men) was …
Follow-up of participants in the Trois-Rivi res Growth and Development Study
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of daily physical education in primary school on some indices of fitness (PWC170/kg, handgrip strength, sit and reach flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance, and balance), cardiovascular health (lipid profile, waist-to-hip ratio), and anthropometry in the adult years. Four subsamples of participants in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study were examined: experimental men (n = 32), expe…
Perceptions and patterns of physical activity
This study examined the relationships between habitual physical activity and self-referent thought among Native and non-Native grade 9 students in Southern Ontario. The Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES) and the Children's Self-perception of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) scale were administered to 74% of eligible native students (13M, 13F) and 87% of eligible non-Native students (65M, 65F). All were attending …
Perceptions and patterns of physical activity
This study examined the relationships between habitual physical activity and self-referent thought among Native and non-Native grade 9 students in Southern Ontario. The Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES) and the Children's Self-perception of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) scale were administered to 74% of eligible native students (13M, 13F) and 87% of eligible non-Native students (65M, 65F). All were attending …
The Health Consequences of 'Modernization
The health consequences of ‘modernization’
What are the health consequences of a transition from an active 'hunter-gatherer' lifestyle to that of sedentary modern living? In this book, the impact of 'modernization' is assessed in various populations in the circumpolar regions. The hazards of living in polar regions, and the adaptations shown culturally, behaviourally and physically by the indigenous peoples are examined and the effect of changes in habitual activity, diet, and general lif…
A comparison of physical fitness between Igloolik inuit and Volochanka nGanasan
Physical characteristics, muscle strength, and predicted aerobic power were compared in two circumpolar populations aged 20–49 years at different stages in acculturation to a “modern” sedentary life‐style: the Inuit of Igloolik (110 males, 80 females tested in 1989–90) and the nGanasan of Volochanka (29 males, 25 females tested in 1992–3). Both populations show short stature but normal body mass. Skinfold thicknesses (average of triceps, subscapu…
Basal metabolic rate of inuit
Basal metabolic rates (BMR) at the end of the winter of 1981–1982 were determined in both Inuit and subjects of European ancestry resident in Igloolik, N.W.T. (69°40'N, 81°W). Values for the Inuit sample (22 females, 14–53 years, and 30 males, 14–70 years) exceeded published body surface area norms by some 16–18%; they also exceeded the body mass norms of Schofield (1985) by 9–10%. In contrast, readings on the six subjects of European ancestry, o…
Prediction of body fat content in an inuit community
The age‐ and sex‐specific generic predictions of body density, and thus body fat content, as obtained by the skinfold equations of Durnin and Womersley (1974, Br J Nutr 32:77–97) have been compared with direct hydrostatic estimates of body density in a sample of 51 moderately acculturated Canadian Inuit men, ages 18–36 years. In general, the Durnin and Womersley equations indicate somewhat too high a body density and thus too low a percentage of …
Growth and fitness of Canadian inuit
The growth and development of Inuit children and adolescents living in the high arctic (Igloolik, NWT, 69°40′ N, 81°W) has been surveyed crosssectionally and semilongitudinally on three occasions during a period of rapid acculturation: 1969–1970, 1979–1980, 1989–1990. Recruitment declined from 85% (1969–1970) to 63% (1989–1990) of eligible subjects, in the most recent survey a total of 91 males and 65 females. Secular trends in the community have…
Cohort effects
The possible limitation that cohort effects could impose upon the interpretation of longitudinal research has been examined, taking data on the standing height and the maximal oxygen intake of 546 primary school students participating in the Trois Rivières mixed‐longitudinal study of enhanced physical education programs (295 experimental and 251 control subjects of both sexes). Over the short period of the study (maximum intercohort time span of …
Enhanced physical education and body fat in the primary school child
The influence of 1 hr/day of required physical education upon body skinfold readings was examined in 546 children recruited from an urban and a rural primary school in Québec. Two chorts of experimental students began the enhanced program in grade 1, with immediately preceding and succeeding clases serving as controls. The same observer took nine skinfold readings each year, within 2 weeks of each child's birthday. The data showed a significicant…
Importance of Type of Attitude to the Study of Exercise-Behavior
The association between intentions to exercise, reported exercise-behavior and two measures of attitudes toward exercise were compared in a sample of 90 subjects, stratified by age (45–54, 55–64, and 65–74 yr.) and sex. The first type of attitude (Aact) corresponds to Fishbein and Ajzen theory of reasoned action, being defined in terms of action, target, context and time elements. The second type, Kenyon's inventory, is more general and evaluates…
Factors associated with population variation in physiological working capacity
Determinants of working capacity vary with the task to be performed, cultural differences in the distinction between work and leisure, and secular trends to a sedentary society. However, tolerance of physical effort is still necessary in many developing countries. Determinations of working capacity should examine at least aerobic power, body composition, physical performance, and muscular endurance. Often, compromises will be necessary when testi…
The “unisex phantom,” sexual dimorphism, and proportional growth assessment
The “unisex phantom” tactic of Ross and associates attempts to examine proportional growth, expressing body measurements relative to a phantom created from arbitrary mean dimensions and the observed coefficients of variation for an arbitrary sample of adult men and women. Fundamental assumptions of the model are (1) that data treated in unisex fashion have the normal distribution required of Z‐type statistics throughout the period of growth, and …
Factors associated with population variation in physiological working capacity
Determinants of working capacity vary with the task to be performed, cultural differences in the distinction between work and leisure, and secular trends to a sedentary society. However, tolerance of physical effort is still necessary in many developing countries. Determinations of working capacity should examine at least aerobic power, body composition, physical performance, and muscular endurance. Often, compromises will be necessary when testi…
The “unisex phantom,” sexual dimorphism, and proportional growth assessment
The “unisex phantom” tactic of Ross and associates attempts to examine proportional growth, expressing body measurements relative to a phantom created from arbitrary mean dimensions and the observed coefficients of variation for an arbitrary sample of adult men and women. Fundamental assumptions of the model are (1) that data treated in unisex fashion have the normal distribution required of Z‐type statistics throughout the period of growth, and …
Population aspects of human working capacity
Population measurements of human physical working capacity are reviewed. Problems of technique include an appropriate sample size, allowance of sampling bias, selection of an appropriate criterion of working capacity, and standardization of test methodology. The impact of constitution has been studied in terms of overall variance of data, frequencies of genetic markers, and twin sibling studies. Environmental experiments have compared similar rac…
Sports Science
As many sports are falling increasingly under the control of the technical scientist and medical practitioner, staggering improvements in athletic performance have been obtained at recent Olympic Games. These can be criticized as an elimination of chance, as the exploitation of the child and as the loss of fair competition through the use of drugs hypnosis and other ruses such a doping with the athlete's own blood. It is not possible to halt the …
Factors associated with population variation in physiological working capacity
Determinants of working capacity vary with the task to be performed, cultural differences in the distinction between work and leisure, and secular trends to a sedentary society. However, tolerance of physical effort is still necessary in many developing countries. Determinations of working capacity should examine at least aerobic power, body composition, physical performance, and muscular endurance. Often, compromises will be necessary when testi…
The “unisex phantom,” sexual dimorphism, and proportional growth assessment
The “unisex phantom” tactic of Ross and associates attempts to examine proportional growth, expressing body measurements relative to a phantom created from arbitrary mean dimensions and the observed coefficients of variation for an arbitrary sample of adult men and women. Fundamental assumptions of the model are (1) that data treated in unisex fashion have the normal distribution required of Z‐type statistics throughout the period of growth, and …
Importance of Type of Attitude to the Study of Exercise-Behavior
The association between intentions to exercise, reported exercise-behavior and two measures of attitudes toward exercise were compared in a sample of 90 subjects, stratified by age (45–54, 55–64, and 65–74 yr.) and sex. The first type of attitude (Aact) corresponds to Fishbein and Ajzen theory of reasoned action, being defined in terms of action, target, context and time elements. The second type, Kenyon's inventory, is more general and evaluates…
Cohort effects
The possible limitation that cohort effects could impose upon the interpretation of longitudinal research has been examined, taking data on the standing height and the maximal oxygen intake of 546 primary school students participating in the Trois Rivières mixed‐longitudinal study of enhanced physical education programs (295 experimental and 251 control subjects of both sexes). Over the short period of the study (maximum intercohort time span of …
Enhanced physical education and body fat in the primary school child
The influence of 1 hr/day of required physical education upon body skinfold readings was examined in 546 children recruited from an urban and a rural primary school in Québec. Two chorts of experimental students began the enhanced program in grade 1, with immediately preceding and succeeding clases serving as controls. The same observer took nine skinfold readings each year, within 2 weeks of each child's birthday. The data showed a significicant…
Prediction of body fat content in an inuit community
The age‐ and sex‐specific generic predictions of body density, and thus body fat content, as obtained by the skinfold equations of Durnin and Womersley (1974, Br J Nutr 32:77–97) have been compared with direct hydrostatic estimates of body density in a sample of 51 moderately acculturated Canadian Inuit men, ages 18–36 years. In general, the Durnin and Womersley equations indicate somewhat too high a body density and thus too low a percentage of …
Growth and fitness of Canadian inuit
The growth and development of Inuit children and adolescents living in the high arctic (Igloolik, NWT, 69°40′ N, 81°W) has been surveyed crosssectionally and semilongitudinally on three occasions during a period of rapid acculturation: 1969–1970, 1979–1980, 1989–1990. Recruitment declined from 85% (1969–1970) to 63% (1989–1990) of eligible subjects, in the most recent survey a total of 91 males and 65 females. Secular trends in the community have…
A comparison of physical fitness between Igloolik inuit and Volochanka nGanasan
Physical characteristics, muscle strength, and predicted aerobic power were compared in two circumpolar populations aged 20–49 years at different stages in acculturation to a “modern” sedentary life‐style: the Inuit of Igloolik (110 males, 80 females tested in 1989–90) and the nGanasan of Volochanka (29 males, 25 females tested in 1992–3). Both populations show short stature but normal body mass. Skinfold thicknesses (average of triceps, subscapu…
Basal metabolic rate of inuit
Basal metabolic rates (BMR) at the end of the winter of 1981–1982 were determined in both Inuit and subjects of European ancestry resident in Igloolik, N.W.T. (69°40'N, 81°W). Values for the Inuit sample (22 females, 14–53 years, and 30 males, 14–70 years) exceeded published body surface area norms by some 16–18%; they also exceeded the body mass norms of Schofield (1985) by 9–10%. In contrast, readings on the six subjects of European ancestry, o…
The health consequences of ‘modernization’
What are the health consequences of a transition from an active 'hunter-gatherer' lifestyle to that of sedentary modern living? In this book, the impact of 'modernization' is assessed in various populations in the circumpolar regions. The hazards of living in polar regions, and the adaptations shown culturally, behaviourally and physically by the indigenous peoples are examined and the effect of changes in habitual activity, diet, and general lif…
The Health Consequences of 'Modernization
Perceptions and patterns of physical activity
This study examined the relationships between habitual physical activity and self-referent thought among Native and non-Native grade 9 students in Southern Ontario. The Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES) and the Children's Self-perception of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) scale were administered to 74% of eligible native students (13M, 13F) and 87% of eligible non-Native students (65M, 65F). All were attending …
Perceptions and patterns of physical activity
This study examined the relationships between habitual physical activity and self-referent thought among Native and non-Native grade 9 students in Southern Ontario. The Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES) and the Children's Self-perception of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) scale were administered to 74% of eligible native students (13M, 13F) and 87% of eligible non-Native students (65M, 65F). All were attending …
Follow-up of participants in the Trois-Rivi res Growth and Development Study
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of daily physical education in primary school on some indices of fitness (PWC170/kg, handgrip strength, sit and reach flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance, and balance), cardiovascular health (lipid profile, waist-to-hip ratio), and anthropometry in the adult years. Four subsamples of participants in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study were examined: experimental men (n = 32), expe…
Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois‐Rivières Study
This study explored tracking of the body mass index (BMI) in a representative subgroup of subjects (95 women and 96 men) who were involved in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study by testing autocorrelations between data for 10, 11, and 12 years and corresponding values at 34 years of age. Tracking of skinfold measurements (subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal, and their sum) over the same intervals (60 women and 52 men) was …
Changes in adiposity and body mass index from late childhood to adult life in the Trois‐Rivières Study
This study explored tracking of the body mass index (BMI) in a representative subgroup of subjects (95 women and 96 men) who were involved in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study by testing autocorrelations between data for 10, 11, and 12 years and corresponding values at 34 years of age. Tracking of skinfold measurements (subscapular, triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal, and their sum) over the same intervals (60 women and 52 men) was …
Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires
Despite extensive use over 40 years, physical activity questionnaires still show limited reliability and validity. Measurements have value in indicating conditions where an increase in physical activity would be beneficial and in monitoring changes in population activity. However, attempts at detailed interpretation in terms of exercise dosage and the extent of resulting health benefits seem premature. Such usage may become possible through the d…
BMI in the Trois‐Rivières study
This study evaluated intraindividual child–adult and interindividual child–parent relationships of body mass index (BMI) using data from the Trois‐Rivières semilongitudinal study of growth and development. Intraindividual correlations between age 12 and 35 years were substantial (r 2 = 36% of variance in women, 30% of variance in men). Interindividual child–parent correlations for mothers and fathers age 36.6 ± 0.4 and 39.5 ± 0.4 years, respectiv…
Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to review relationships of academic performance and some of its determinants to participation in school-based physical activities, including physical education (PE), free school physical activity (PA) and school sports. METHODS: Linkages between academic achievement and involvement in PE, school PA and sport programmes have been examined, based on a systematic review of currently available literature, incl…
Habitual physical activity and health-related quality of life in older adults
Changes in social structure and behaviour
‘Modernization’ has brought a multitude of changes in social structures and behaviour patterns to the indigenous circumpolar populations – a process that some authors have termed ‘acculturation’ (Berry, 1976; Forsius, 1980; Sampath, 1976). This chapter looks at objective measures of acculturation and the resulting acculturative stress or alienation, examining the extent and the social effects of cultural change in groups that, until recently, hav…
In-Season Weightlifting Training Exercise in Healthy Male Handball Players
This study assessed the impact of 8 weeks biweekly in-season weightlifting training on the strength, throwing ability, and body composition of healthy male handball players. Twenty players (age: 21.2 ± 0.7 years, height: 1.83 ± 0.08 m, body mass: 83.3 ± 7.5 kg, body fat: 13.2 ± 1.4%, upper limb muscle volume: 3.16 ± 0.16 L) were randomly allocated between experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups. Measures of one-repetition maximal strength inclu…
Effects of Unloaded vs. Ankle-Loaded Plyometric Training on the Physical Fitness of U-17 Male Soccer Players
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of two differing plyometric training programs (loaded plyometrics (with 2.5% of body mass placed above the ankle joint) vs. unloaded plyometrics), performed biweekly for 10 weeks, on the physical fitness of elite junior male soccer players. Participants aged 16.0 ± 0.5 years were randomly assigned between unloaded plyometrics (UP; n = 12), loaded plyometrics (LP; n = 14) and control (C; n = 12) grou…
Medicine (21 obras) · Physical therapy (15 obras) · Psychology (12 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (10 obras) · Geography (8 obras) · Gerontology (8 obras) · Body Composition Measurement Techniques (7 obras) · Internal Medicine (7 obras) · Physical activity (7 obras)