Gal
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 8978 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Gal |
| SOBRENOME | Gal |
| ASSINATURA | GAL |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Chicago |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1160-6502 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 72 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1310 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 72 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 16 |
Sameness-in-Difference
Between Speech and Silence
Multilingualism and History
We often hear that our world 'is more multilingual than ever before', but is it true? This book shatters that cliché. It is the first volume to shine light on the millennia-long history of multilingualism as a social, institutional and demographic phenomenon. Its fifteen chapters, written in clear, accessible language by prominent historians, classicists, and sociolinguists, span the period from the third century BC to the present day, and range …
In Memoriam
Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society - Volume 30, Number 2, Summer 2023
Neoliberalizing diversity in liberal arts college life, BonnieUrciuoli, New York
Between speech and silence
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Commentary
Multiplicity and contention among ideologies
It is a pleasure and a challenge to comment on this fine set of papers because they bring together a great diversity of ethnographic materials and a range of approaches towards "linguistic ideology." They are all trying to define and use this conceptual category in new ways, while sensing its familiarity. Woolard urged uS, in her introduction, to start not with strict definition of terms but from the broad premise that "linguistic ideology is a m…
Michael Silverstein (1945-2020)
Gender and the discursive authority of far right politics
Nancy D. Munn
How culture and society are communicatively constituted
Susan Gal retrace son parcours de recherche, professeure à l'université de Chicago. Elle explique l'importance du tournant sémiotique au sein de l'anthropologie linguistique nord-américaine et la manière dont il a influencé ses propres travaux. Enfin, elle montre comment la lecture de Peirce a permis d'une part de revisiter l'approche corrélationniste de la variation langagière héritée de William Labov en envisageant cette dernière comme un proce…
Signs of Difference
How are peoples' ideas about languages, ways of speaking and expressive styles shaped by their social positions and values? How is difference, in language and in social life, made - and unmade? How and why are some differences persuasive as the basis for action, while other differences are ignored or erased? Written by two recognised authorities on language and culture, this book argues that ideological work of all kinds is fundamentally communic…
The Long-Term Impact of Political Activism on Mental Wellbeing in the Context of Adult Immigrants Who Experienced Childhood Political Trauma
Making registers in politics
This paper examines the role of register-making in constructing and evoking authority for political discourses. Three aspects of such enregisterment are defined and exemplified: clasping, relaying, and grafting. Though they occur together in any case of enregisterment, these processes are analytically separable. As registers circulate, they link arenas of social action, creating relations of authority between the social arena of those who constru…
Registers in Circulation
The major outlines of enregisterment as a metasemiotic process are well understood in linguistic anthropology, so we can turn to its further systematic implications. The article explores three “moments” in enregisterment, positing that practices and value projects create registers that act as clasps , relays , and graftings , each producing interdiscursivity and thus circulation. They connect arenas of social action in different ways. The connect…
Discursive struggles about migration
Qualia as Value and Knowledge
Porcelain is, today, a familiar material of dishes, figurines, vases, and tiles. As commodities, they are enregistered social indexicals, so that the aphorism fits: you are what you drink, eat, or in this case eat on—or know how to admire as collector or connoisseur. This does not yet tell us, however, what qualities are picked out as shared by object and user, on what axis of social distinction. I argue that this everyday material, exactly becau…
A Protest Letter in Support of the Central European University
Tamás Hofer (1929-2016)
Labov in anthropology
Early sociolinguistics was determinedly multidisciplinary and Labov's work was eagerly read by anthropologists. Nevertheless, the ethnographic and interpretivist commitments of anthropology contrasted with Labov's correlational method and positivist philosophical assumptions. This paper discusses three debates between those two broad methodological/philosophical traditions and traces their outcomes: on the nature of linguistic heterogeneity; the …
Language and political economy
This brief commentary sketches some of the historical context and motivations of the writings on language and political economy in the 1980s-90s, comparing and highlighting the distinctly different contributions of this special issue. Included are observations made at the roundtable discussion that closed the conference at which the papers in this special section were first presented
Rethinking Translation in Feminist NGOs
This article examines the modes of circulation of discourses and practices about women's rights and women's empowerment in transnational nongovernmental organizations. Using examples from Kampala, Uganda and Jaipur, India, the authors argue against the usual explanations of "translation" as a mere conduit by which global discourses of rights are vernacularized or localized, either without substantial change or with inaccurate, "traitorous" transl…
Politics of Translation
Current research finds the label "translation" an apt characterization of diverse communicative practices. This review argues that the term points to a whole family of semiotic processes. Writings on translation share a key insight: Different social worlds-including those of scholars-emerge through forms of communication in which practices, objects, genres, and texts are citable, recontextualizable. This generative process mediates among the doma…
Registers, schools and scales
For an outsider, I have for years followed the sociolinguistic situation of Catalonia rather closely. Oddly, this is because my own research is with Hungarian speakers. Due to the nineteenth centur
Language And Political Economy
This brief commentary sketches some of the historical context and motivations of the writings on language and political economy in the 1980s–90s, comparing and highlighting the distinctly different
A Semiotics of the Public/Private Distinction
susan gal is Professor of Anthropology and Linguistics at the University of Chicago. She is presently doing research on the political economy of language, including linguistic nationalism, and especially the rhetorical and symbolic aspects of political transformation in contemporary Eastern Europe. In studying postcommunist societies, her work focuses as well on the construction of gender and discourses of reproduction. Her recent publications in…
Language Ideologies Compared
Tastes of Talk
This essay explores the semiotic processes by which speakers attribute sensuous qualities - e.g. lightness, dryness, straightness and others - to speech registers. Language ideologies create indexical relations linking linguistic forms to typical personae, activities and values in social life; they also construct other semiotic relations that enable speakers to attribute taste, texture, smell, sound, or shape to speech. Such extended, cross-modal…
Politics of Translation
Current research finds the label "translation" an apt characterization of diverse communicative practices. This review argues that the term points to a whole family of semiotic processes. Writings on translation share a key insight: Different social worlds-including those of scholars-emerge through forms of communication in which practices, objects, genres, and texts are citable, recontextualizable. This generative process mediates among the doma…
Contradictions of standard language in Europe
The dominant language ideology of contemporary Europe assumes standardized languages. In the political economic context of accelerated global migration and increased European unity, this ideology creates contradictions for speakers. The paper describes six types of contradiction that arise for non-elite speakers whose practices diverge from the ideals of standardization but who nevertheless find themselves judged by those ideals. Other contradict…
"Language and the "Arts of Resistance
Bartók's funeral
This article analyzes the rhetorical structure of a single set of events—the reburial of Béla Bartók's body in Budapest—and shows how these events were a constitutive part of political processes in Hungarian state socialism during the 1980s. Arguing for a processual approach to the relationship between discursive structure and event, the analysis shows that the funeral was a response to political opposition, a response made by intellectuals speak…
Peasant men can't get wives
Language shift from German-Hungarian bilingualism to the exclusive use of German is occurring in the community discussed. Young women are further along in the direction of this change than older people and young men. The linguistic contrast between German and Hungarian is shown to represent the social dichotomy between a newly available worker status and traditional peasant status; thus the choice of language in interaction is part of a speaker's…
Codeswitching and consciousness in the European periphery
This paper argues that the linguistic practices of bilingual ethnic groups reveal diverse forms of consciousness: they are symbolic responses to the ways in which the ethnic communities are differentially situated within regions of the world capitalist system. The analysis of codeswitching patterns in three European minorities (Italians in West Germany, Hungarians in Austria, and Germans in Romania) builds on current models of universals in langu…
Registers in Circulation
The major outlines of enregisterment as a metasemiotic process are well understood in linguistic anthropology, so we can turn to its further systematic implications. The article explores three “moments” in enregisterment, positing that practices and value projects create registers that act as clasps , relays , and graftings , each producing interdiscursivity and thus circulation. They connect arenas of social action in different ways. The connect…
Making registers in politics
This paper examines the role of register-making in constructing and evoking authority for political discourses. Three aspects of such enregisterment are defined and exemplified: clasping, relaying, and grafting. Though they occur together in any case of enregisterment, these processes are analytically separable. As registers circulate, they link arenas of social action, creating relations of authority between the social arena of those who constru…
Diversity and contestation in linguistic ideologies
The classic sociolinguistic opposition between status and solidarity as organizing principles of linguistic variation is currently being integrated with broader social theories of symbolic domination and resistance. However, not enough attention has yet been paid to the multiplicity and fluidity of both dominant and oppositional linguistic ideologies within a single social order. Changing elite conceptions about the links between language and soc…
Gender in the Post-socialist Transition
The construction of Hungary's abortion debate provides a case study of a struggle for control of the principles of political rule in post-socialist Eastern Europe. In the mid-1980s, a campaign to force women to leave the labor force to end overemployment was implemented by means of a media effort to blame working women for the problems of children and social measures such as subsidies for women who remained home to care for children and the aged.…
Qualia as Value and Knowledge
Porcelain is, today, a familiar material of dishes, figurines, vases, and tiles. As commodities, they are enregistered social indexicals, so that the aphorism fits: you are what you drink, eat, or in this case eat on—or know how to admire as collector or connoisseur. This does not yet tell us, however, what qualities are picked out as shared by object and user, on what axis of social distinction. I argue that this everyday material, exactly becau…
Rethinking Translation in Feminist NGOs
This article examines the modes of circulation of discourses and practices about women's rights and women's empowerment in transnational nongovernmental organizations. Using examples from Kampala, Uganda and Jaipur, India, the authors argue against the usual explanations of "translation" as a mere conduit by which global discourses of rights are vernacularized or localized, either without substantial change or with inaccurate, "traitorous" transl…
Language and political economy
This brief commentary sketches some of the historical context and motivations of the writings on language and political economy in the 1980s-90s, comparing and highlighting the distinctly different contributions of this special issue. Included are observations made at the roundtable discussion that closed the conference at which the papers in this special section were first presented
Gender and the discursive authority of far right politics
Discursive struggles about migration
John J. Gumperz's Discourse Strategies
John J. Gumperz was a founding figure of sociolinguistics and an important contributor to the development of linguistic anthropology in the 20th century. This article traces not his past but his present and future, exploring four themes that he inaugurated and that have had a shaping influence on the dual fields in which he was active. The themes are: approaches to ethnographic evidence; social and linguistic differentiation; speech practices in …
Women's Lives under Socialism
Anna Hilly ar and Jane McDermid, Revolutionary Women in Russia, 1870-1917: A Study in Collective Biography (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2000). Sheila Fitzpatrick and Yuri Slezkine, eds., In the Shadow of the Revolution: Life Stories of Russian Women from 1917 to the Second World War (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2000). Susan Gal and Gail Kligman, The Politics of Gender after Socialism: A Compara tiv…
How culture and society are communicatively constituted
Susan Gal retrace son parcours de recherche, professeure à l'université de Chicago. Elle explique l'importance du tournant sémiotique au sein de l'anthropologie linguistique nord-américaine et la manière dont il a influencé ses propres travaux. Enfin, elle montre comment la lecture de Peirce a permis d'une part de revisiter l'approche corrélationniste de la variation langagière héritée de William Labov en envisageant cette dernière comme un proce…
Labov in anthropology
Early sociolinguistics was determinedly multidisciplinary and Labov's work was eagerly read by anthropologists. Nevertheless, the ethnographic and interpretivist commitments of anthropology contrasted with Labov's correlational method and positivist philosophical assumptions. This paper discusses three debates between those two broad methodological/philosophical traditions and traces their outcomes: on the nature of linguistic heterogeneity; the …
Michael Silverstein (1945-2020)
Tamás Hofer (1929-2016)
Peasant men can't get wives
Language shift from German-Hungarian bilingualism to the exclusive use of German is occurring in the community discussed. Young women are further along in the direction of this change than older people and young men. The linguistic contrast between German and Hungarian is shown to represent the social dichotomy between a newly available worker status and traditional peasant status; thus the choice of language in interaction is part of a speaker's…
Anthropology in Trouble at Nimh
Linguistics
Language Shift
Linguistic Variation in Time, Space, and Society
Linguistics
Attitudes towards Language Variation
The Sun is Feminine
Linguistic Anthropology
Applied Anthropology
Codeswitching and consciousness in the European periphery
This paper argues that the linguistic practices of bilingual ethnic groups reveal diverse forms of consciousness: they are symbolic responses to the ways in which the ethnic communities are differentially situated within regions of the world capitalist system. The analysis of codeswitching patterns in three European minorities (Italians in West Germany, Hungarians in Austria, and Germans in Romania) builds on current models of universals in langu…
Transylvanian Villagers
Linguistic Anthropology
Candidates for Executive Committee Member-at-large
Language And Political Economy
This brief commentary sketches some of the historical context and motivations of the writings on language and political economy in the 1980s–90s, comparing and highlighting the distinctly different
Four. Between Speech and Silence
A differenciálódás folyamata a politika lokális színterein
be, hanem a brokratikus szocializmus erjedsnek hosszas folyamata utn, amellyel prhuzamosan nvekedtek az j politikai rendszer csri a gazdasgban, az orszgos s helyi politikban, az egyes emberek hatalomhoz val viszonyban. Az albbiakban a nyilvnos alternatv politizls kialakulsnak egyik esett mutatom be a Baranya megyei Bly pldjn abban a meggy zdsben, hogy a politikai differencilds nagyon hasonl trtnetek sort produklta orszgszerte
Bartók's funeral
This article analyzes the rhetorical structure of a single set of events—the reburial of Béla Bartók's body in Budapest—and shows how these events were a constitutive part of political processes in Hungarian state socialism during the 1980s. Arguing for a processual approach to the relationship between discursive structure and event, the analysis shows that the funeral was a response to political opposition, a response made by intellectuals speak…
Comments on Lipski's Review of Double Talk
Linguistic Consequences of Language Contact and Restriction
Introduction Socio-historical background French-language spread Methodology Simplification Children and linguistic change Sociolectal reduction Aborted sociolectal reduction Covert interference Overt interference Core lexical borrowing Conclusion References Index
Variation in German
Variation in German:. Critical Approach to German Sociolinguistics. Stephen Barbour and Patrick Stevenson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 308 pp. $17.95 (cloth
Diversity and contestation in linguistic ideologies
The classic sociolinguistic opposition between status and solidarity as organizing principles of linguistic variation is currently being integrated with broader social theories of symbolic domination and resistance. However, not enough attention has yet been paid to the multiplicity and fluidity of both dominant and oppositional linguistic ideologies within a single social order. Changing elite conceptions about the links between language and soc…
Gender in the Post-socialist Transition
The construction of Hungary's abortion debate provides a case study of a struggle for control of the principles of political rule in post-socialist Eastern Europe. In the mid-1980s, a campaign to force women to leave the labor force to end overemployment was implemented by means of a media effort to blame working women for the problems of children and social measures such as subsidies for women who remained home to care for children and the aged.…
Linguistic theories and national images in 19th century Hungary
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Constructing languages and publics
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