Hamish R Graham
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 9019546 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Hamish R Graham |
| PRENOMES | Hamish R |
| SOBRENOME | Graham |
| ASSINATURA | GRAHAM H R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Royal Children's Hospital |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2461-0463 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 26 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 0 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 5 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
Outcome and management of 2–59-month-old Nigerian children with chest indrawing pneumonia at primary-level healthcare facilities
Background: In 2012, World Health Organization (WHO) recommended outpatient oral amoxicillin for children aged 2-59 months with chest indrawing pneumonia without general danger signs, based on randomised trials. We assessed mortality and case management for such children routinely managed at primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study (September 2021-September 2023) was conducted in Ik…
Patient and caregiver perceptions of oxygen therapy in facility-based settings for acute hypoxemic conditions
Background: Access to oxygen therapy is essential for ensuring a functioning health care system. Despite its widespread application across multiple patient groups and all ages, there is a lack of understanding about community perceptions and experiences while receiving oxygen therapy for acute conditions. We aimed to understand patient and caregiver perceptions of oxygen therapy in facility-based settings for acute hypoxemic conditions. Methods: …
Supporting caregivers of children living with disability in a humanitarian context
Introduction To ensure that humanitarian action is disability-inclusive, evidence is needed to understand how different strategies to support children living with disabilities and their families can work in these settings. Evidence from other contexts suggests support groups can improve caregiver quality of life (QOL). This study reports an evaluation of the ‘ Mighty Children’ programme a participatory educational support group programme for care…
‘Let him die in peace’
INTRODUCTION: Efforts to improve oxygen access have focused mainly on the supply side, but it is important to understand demand barriers, such as oxygen refusal among caregivers. We therefore aimed to understand caregiver, community and healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives and experiences of medical oxygen treatments and how these shape oxygen acceptance among caregivers of sick children in Lagos and Jigawa states, which are two contrasting set…
Covid-19 knowledge and practices in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Population knowledge of COVID-19 and adherence to prevention measures may not be equitably distributed, limiting the success of public health measures. We aimed to understand whether COVID-19 knowledge differed by socio-economic status in a rural low-income setting of Jigawa State, Nigeria. We conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline cross-sectional survey of the INSPIRING cluster randomised controlled trial in Kiyawa Local Government Area,…
Group-based caregiver support interventions for children living with disabilities in low-and-middle-income countries
Disability describes the complex interplay between health conditions, personal circumstances, and the environment, which results in impairment in bodily structure and function, limitation in activity or restriction in social participation [1]. Experience with disability is individualised, as disability encompasses a wide variety of conditions and a spectrum of condition severities [1]. This is especially true [...]
Exploring the feeding practices of mothers of under-five children and how household members influence exclusive breastfeeding in Jigawa State, Nigeria – A qualitative study
Child nutrition interventions in low-income settings are variably effective as strategies often focus on primary caregivers, with less attention given to other household members. This study explored the influence of household members on exclusive breastfeeding and the feeding practices of mothers of under-five children in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria. As part of a cluster randomised controlled trial in Jigawa State, we conducted an ethnographic…
Pneumonia knowledge and care seeking behavior for children under-five years in Jigawa, Northwest Nigeria
Background: Between 2013 and 2022, Nigeria did not meet globally defined targets for pneumonia control, despite some scale-up of vaccinations, oxygen and antibiotics. A deliberate focus on community-based programs is needed to improve coverage of protective, preventive and treatment interventions. We therefore aimed to describe caregiver knowledge and care seeking behaviour for childhood pneumonia, in a high child mortality setting in Nigeria, to…
Maternal mental well-being and recent child illnesses–A cross-sectional survey analysis from Jigawa State, Nigeria
Child health indicators in Northern Nigeria remain low. The bidirectional association between child health and maternal well-being is also poorly understood. We aim to describe the association between recent child illness, socio-demographic factors and maternal mental well-being in Jigawa State, Nigeria. We analysed a cross-sectional household survey conducted in Kiyawa local government area, Jigawa State, from January 2020 to March 2020 amongst …
Feasibility and usability of a very low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure device including oxygen blenders in a Ugandan level two newborn unit
Background Preterm birth and resulting respiratory failure is a leading cause of newborn death- the majority of which occur in resource-constrained settings and could be prevented with bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP). Commercialized devices are expensive, however, and sites commonly use improvised devices utilizing 100% oxygen which can cause blindness. To address this, PATH and a multidisciplinary team developed a very low-cos…
What are the risk factors for death among children with pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review
Cost-effectiveness and sustainability of improved hospital oxygen systems in Nigeria
INTRODUCTION: Improving hospital oxygen systems can improve quality of care and reduce mortality for children, but we lack data on cost-effectiveness or sustainability. This study evaluated medium-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the Nigeria Oxygen Implementation programme. METHODS: Prospective follow-up of a stepped-wedge trial involving 12 secondary-level hospitals. Cross-sectional facility assessment, clinical audit (January-March…
Improving access to health services through health reform in Lesotho
In 2014 the Kingdom of Lesotho, in conjunction with Partners In Health, launched a National Health Reform with three components: 1) improved supply-side inputs based on disease burden in the catchment area of each of 70 public primary care clinics, 2) decentralization of health managerial capacity to the district level, and 3) demand-side interventions including paid village health workers. We assessed changes in the quarterly average of quality …
Barriers to providing healthcare to children living with cerebral palsy in Ghana
Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience profound health and social inequities. While challenges faced by children living with disabilities and their caregivers have been widely documented, little is known about barriers faced by healthcare providers (HCPs) who serve these children. This study seeks to understand the barriers to testing, diagnosing, referral, and treatment of children li…
Hypoxaemia prevalence and management among children and adults presenting to primary care facilities in Uganda
Hypoxaemia (low blood oxygen) is common among hospitalised patients, increasing the odds of death five-fold and requiring prompt detection and treatment. However, we know little about hypoxaemia prevalence in primary care and the role for pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy. This study assessed the prevalence and management of hypoxaemia at primary care facilities in Uganda. We conducted a cross sectional prevalence study and prospective cohort stu…
Factors associated with poor adherence to intrapartum fetal heart monitoring in relationship to intrapartum related death
Background Poor quality of intrapartum care remains a global health challenge for reducing stillbirth and early neonatal mortality. Despite fetal heart rate monitoring (FHRM) being key to identify fetus at risk during labor, sub-optimal care prevails in low-income settings. The study aims to assess the predictors of suboptimal fetal heart rate monitoring and assess the association of sub-optimal FHRM and intrapartum related deaths. Method A prosp…
Health seeking behaviors and childcare patterns in an informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya
Children in urban informal settlements experience high risks for poor health and development. Understanding health seeking behaviors and childcare patterns of caregivers in urban informal settlements is important for devising effective interventions. This study describes household characteristics and aspects of nurturing care among caregivers of children aged 0–2 years in Dagoretti informal settlement, Nairobi-Kenya. In this cross sectional study…
Can child pneumonia in low-resource settings be treated without antibiotics? A systematic review & meta-analysis
Childhood pneumonia in humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries
Background: Humanitarian emergencies increase many risk factors for pneumonia, including disruption to food, water and sanitation, and basic health services. This review describes pneumonia morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents affected by humanitarian emergencies. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases for publications reporting pneumonia morbidity or mortality among children aged 1 month to 17 years in human…
Quality of care for children with acute respiratory infections in health facilities
Background: Severe childhood pneumonia requires treatment in hospital by trained health care workers. It is therefore important to determine if health facilities provide quality health services for children with acute respiratory infections (ARI), including pneumonia. Using established indicators from WHO to measure quality of care (QoC) as a reference standard, this review aims to evaluate how well existing tools assess QoC for children presenti…
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries
The utility of chest x-ray and lung ultrasound in the management of infants and children presenting with severe pneumonia in low-and middle-income countries
Background: Chest x-ray (CXR) is commonly used (when available) to support clinical management decisions for child pneumonia and provide a reference standard for diagnosis in research studies. However, its diagnostic and technical limitations for both purposes are well recognised. Recent evidence suggests that lung ultrasound (LUS) may have diagnostic utility in pneumonia. This systematic scoping review of research on the utility of CXR and LUS i…
Oxygen systems strengthening as an intervention to prevent childhood deaths due to pneumonia in low-resource settings
Measuring oxygen access
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global oxygen system deficiencies and revealed gaps in how we understand and measure ‘oxygen access’. We present a case study on oxygen access from 58 health facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria. We found large differences in oxygen access between facilities (primary vs secondary, government vs private) and describe three key domains to consider when measuring oxygen access: availability, cost, use. Of 58 facil…
Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from Covid-19
A saving grace of the COVID-19 pandemic in high-income and upper middle-income countries has been the relative sparing of children. As the disease spreads across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), long-standing system vulnerabilities may tragically manifest, and we worry that children will be increasingly impacted, both directly and indirectly. Drawing on our shared child pneumonia experience globally, we highlight these potential im…
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Solar powered oxygen systems in remote health centers in Papua New Guinea
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the largest cause of child deaths in Papua New Guinea (PNG), and hypoxaemia is the major complication causing death in childhood pneumonia, and hypoxaemia is a major factor in deaths from many other common conditions, including bronchiolitis, asthma, sepsis, malaria, trauma, perinatal problems, and obstetric emergencies. A reliable source of oxygen therapy can reduce mortality from pneumonia by up to 35%. However, in low …
Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from Covid-19
A saving grace of the COVID-19 pandemic in high-income and upper middle-income countries has been the relative sparing of children. As the disease spreads across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), long-standing system vulnerabilities may tragically manifest, and we worry that children will be increasingly impacted, both directly and indirectly. Drawing on our shared child pneumonia experience globally, we highlight these potential im…
Oxygen systems strengthening as an intervention to prevent childhood deaths due to pneumonia in low-resource settings
Measuring oxygen access
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted global oxygen system deficiencies and revealed gaps in how we understand and measure ‘oxygen access’. We present a case study on oxygen access from 58 health facilities in Lagos state, Nigeria. We found large differences in oxygen access between facilities (primary vs secondary, government vs private) and describe three key domains to consider when measuring oxygen access: availability, cost, use. Of 58 facil…
Cost-effectiveness and sustainability of improved hospital oxygen systems in Nigeria
INTRODUCTION: Improving hospital oxygen systems can improve quality of care and reduce mortality for children, but we lack data on cost-effectiveness or sustainability. This study evaluated medium-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the Nigeria Oxygen Implementation programme. METHODS: Prospective follow-up of a stepped-wedge trial involving 12 secondary-level hospitals. Cross-sectional facility assessment, clinical audit (January-March…
Improving access to health services through health reform in Lesotho
In 2014 the Kingdom of Lesotho, in conjunction with Partners In Health, launched a National Health Reform with three components: 1) improved supply-side inputs based on disease burden in the catchment area of each of 70 public primary care clinics, 2) decentralization of health managerial capacity to the district level, and 3) demand-side interventions including paid village health workers. We assessed changes in the quarterly average of quality …
Barriers to providing healthcare to children living with cerebral palsy in Ghana
Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience profound health and social inequities. While challenges faced by children living with disabilities and their caregivers have been widely documented, little is known about barriers faced by healthcare providers (HCPs) who serve these children. This study seeks to understand the barriers to testing, diagnosing, referral, and treatment of children li…
Hypoxaemia prevalence and management among children and adults presenting to primary care facilities in Uganda
Hypoxaemia (low blood oxygen) is common among hospitalised patients, increasing the odds of death five-fold and requiring prompt detection and treatment. However, we know little about hypoxaemia prevalence in primary care and the role for pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy. This study assessed the prevalence and management of hypoxaemia at primary care facilities in Uganda. We conducted a cross sectional prevalence study and prospective cohort stu…
Factors associated with poor adherence to intrapartum fetal heart monitoring in relationship to intrapartum related death
Background Poor quality of intrapartum care remains a global health challenge for reducing stillbirth and early neonatal mortality. Despite fetal heart rate monitoring (FHRM) being key to identify fetus at risk during labor, sub-optimal care prevails in low-income settings. The study aims to assess the predictors of suboptimal fetal heart rate monitoring and assess the association of sub-optimal FHRM and intrapartum related deaths. Method A prosp…
Health seeking behaviors and childcare patterns in an informal settlement of Nairobi, Kenya
Children in urban informal settlements experience high risks for poor health and development. Understanding health seeking behaviors and childcare patterns of caregivers in urban informal settlements is important for devising effective interventions. This study describes household characteristics and aspects of nurturing care among caregivers of children aged 0–2 years in Dagoretti informal settlement, Nairobi-Kenya. In this cross sectional study…
Can child pneumonia in low-resource settings be treated without antibiotics? A systematic review & meta-analysis
Childhood pneumonia in humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries
Background: Humanitarian emergencies increase many risk factors for pneumonia, including disruption to food, water and sanitation, and basic health services. This review describes pneumonia morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents affected by humanitarian emergencies. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases for publications reporting pneumonia morbidity or mortality among children aged 1 month to 17 years in human…
Quality of care for children with acute respiratory infections in health facilities
Background: Severe childhood pneumonia requires treatment in hospital by trained health care workers. It is therefore important to determine if health facilities provide quality health services for children with acute respiratory infections (ARI), including pneumonia. Using established indicators from WHO to measure quality of care (QoC) as a reference standard, this review aims to evaluate how well existing tools assess QoC for children presenti…
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries
The utility of chest x-ray and lung ultrasound in the management of infants and children presenting with severe pneumonia in low-and middle-income countries
Background: Chest x-ray (CXR) is commonly used (when available) to support clinical management decisions for child pneumonia and provide a reference standard for diagnosis in research studies. However, its diagnostic and technical limitations for both purposes are well recognised. Recent evidence suggests that lung ultrasound (LUS) may have diagnostic utility in pneumonia. This systematic scoping review of research on the utility of CXR and LUS i…
Pneumonia knowledge and care seeking behavior for children under-five years in Jigawa, Northwest Nigeria
Background: Between 2013 and 2022, Nigeria did not meet globally defined targets for pneumonia control, despite some scale-up of vaccinations, oxygen and antibiotics. A deliberate focus on community-based programs is needed to improve coverage of protective, preventive and treatment interventions. We therefore aimed to describe caregiver knowledge and care seeking behaviour for childhood pneumonia, in a high child mortality setting in Nigeria, to…
Maternal mental well-being and recent child illnesses–A cross-sectional survey analysis from Jigawa State, Nigeria
Child health indicators in Northern Nigeria remain low. The bidirectional association between child health and maternal well-being is also poorly understood. We aim to describe the association between recent child illness, socio-demographic factors and maternal mental well-being in Jigawa State, Nigeria. We analysed a cross-sectional household survey conducted in Kiyawa local government area, Jigawa State, from January 2020 to March 2020 amongst …
Feasibility and usability of a very low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure device including oxygen blenders in a Ugandan level two newborn unit
Background Preterm birth and resulting respiratory failure is a leading cause of newborn death- the majority of which occur in resource-constrained settings and could be prevented with bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP). Commercialized devices are expensive, however, and sites commonly use improvised devices utilizing 100% oxygen which can cause blindness. To address this, PATH and a multidisciplinary team developed a very low-cos…
What are the risk factors for death among children with pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review
Supporting caregivers of children living with disability in a humanitarian context
Introduction To ensure that humanitarian action is disability-inclusive, evidence is needed to understand how different strategies to support children living with disabilities and their families can work in these settings. Evidence from other contexts suggests support groups can improve caregiver quality of life (QOL). This study reports an evaluation of the ‘ Mighty Children’ programme a participatory educational support group programme for care…
‘Let him die in peace’
INTRODUCTION: Efforts to improve oxygen access have focused mainly on the supply side, but it is important to understand demand barriers, such as oxygen refusal among caregivers. We therefore aimed to understand caregiver, community and healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives and experiences of medical oxygen treatments and how these shape oxygen acceptance among caregivers of sick children in Lagos and Jigawa states, which are two contrasting set…
Covid-19 knowledge and practices in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Population knowledge of COVID-19 and adherence to prevention measures may not be equitably distributed, limiting the success of public health measures. We aimed to understand whether COVID-19 knowledge differed by socio-economic status in a rural low-income setting of Jigawa State, Nigeria. We conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline cross-sectional survey of the INSPIRING cluster randomised controlled trial in Kiyawa Local Government Area,…
Group-based caregiver support interventions for children living with disabilities in low-and-middle-income countries
Disability describes the complex interplay between health conditions, personal circumstances, and the environment, which results in impairment in bodily structure and function, limitation in activity or restriction in social participation [1]. Experience with disability is individualised, as disability encompasses a wide variety of conditions and a spectrum of condition severities [1]. This is especially true [...]
Exploring the feeding practices of mothers of under-five children and how household members influence exclusive breastfeeding in Jigawa State, Nigeria – A qualitative study
Child nutrition interventions in low-income settings are variably effective as strategies often focus on primary caregivers, with less attention given to other household members. This study explored the influence of household members on exclusive breastfeeding and the feeding practices of mothers of under-five children in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria. As part of a cluster randomised controlled trial in Jigawa State, we conducted an ethnographic…
Patient and caregiver perceptions of oxygen therapy in facility-based settings for acute hypoxemic conditions
Background: Access to oxygen therapy is essential for ensuring a functioning health care system. Despite its widespread application across multiple patient groups and all ages, there is a lack of understanding about community perceptions and experiences while receiving oxygen therapy for acute conditions. We aimed to understand patient and caregiver perceptions of oxygen therapy in facility-based settings for acute hypoxemic conditions. Methods: …
Medicine (20 obras) · Environmental health (11 obras) · Pediatrics (8 obras) · Nursing (7 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (6 obras) · Neonatal Respiratory Health Research (6 obras) · Psychology (6 obras) · Family medicine (5 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (5 obras) · MEDLINE (5 obras)