William H Mueller
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 90245 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William H Mueller |
| PRENOMES | William H |
| SOBRENOME | Mueller |
| ASSINATURA | MUELLER W H |
| AFILIAÇÕES | The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 202 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1976 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2004 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Percentiles of body composition from bioelectrical impedance and body measurements in U.S. adolescents 8–17 years old
Reference percentiles (5th, 10th, 50th, 85th, 90th, and 95th) of black and nonblack children ages 8-17 years from Project HeartBeat! (n = 678) are presented for body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) derived from bioelectrical impedance. Project HeartBeat! is a mixed longitudinal study in which three cohorts of children (seen initially at age 8, 11, or 14 years) were followed for 4 years and measured…
Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. and more developed countries, particularly so among adolescents. A substantial impact on public health could be achieved if other factors causing obesity besides the conventional ones of diet and physical activity could be identified and acted upon. The present study investigates whether there is a link between low sleep quality and obesity in a tri‐ethnic, cross‐sectional sample (n = 383) of m…
The science of human diversity
Blood pressure and sexual maturity in adolescents
This study investigates sexual maturity as a predictor of resting blood pressures independent of other known predictors, in 179 boys and 204 girls 11-16 years of age from the Heartfelt Study. The sample included youth of African (n = 140), Mexican (n = 117), and European and "other" (n = 126) backgrounds. Sexual maturity was assessed during clinical examination of three standard indicators for each sex. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were…
Blood pressure and sexual maturity in adolescents
This study investigates sexual maturity as a predictor of resting blood pressures independent of other known predictors, in 179 boys and 204 girls 11-16 years of age from the Heartfelt Study. The sample included youth of African (n = 140), Mexican (n = 117), and European and “other” (n = 126) backgrounds. Sexual maturity was assessed during clinical examination of three standard indicators for each sex. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were…
Anger expression, body fat, and blood pressure in adolescents
This study explores the potential influence of growth, body/composition, and sexual maturity on the relation of anger expression and blood pressure in adolescents. Baseline data from Project HeartBeat! (82 boys and 85 girls, 14 years of age) examined the ability of anger expression (STAXI scale) to predict blood pressure, after controlling for the effects of ethnicity (African‐American/non‐African‐American), height, weight, percentage body fat, a…
Body measurement variability, fatness, and fat-free mass in children 8, 11, and 14 years of age
Project HeartBeat! is a four year mixed-longitudinal study of the development of cardiovascular risk factors in White and African American children who at baseline comprised three age cohorts 8, 11, and 14 years. This paper focuses on the anthropometric variables which were chosen to reflect body fat and fat-free mass. Selected anthropometric dimensions are compared with those of samples from the combined National Health and Nutrition Examination…
Role of infant feeding practice, sex, and age on fatness and subcutaneous fat distribution in infancy
The aim of this study was to determine whether subcutaneous fatness and fat distribution differ on the basis of feeding practice and sex during the first 6 months of life. Longitudinal principal components analysis (PCA) was done on skinfolds measured at five sites in 45 breast-fed and 41 formula-fed infants. The first component represented fatness, the second component change in fatness, and the third component upper body/lower body fat distribu…
Role of infant feeding practice, sex, and age on fatness and subcutaneous fat distribution in infancy
The aim of this study was to determine whether subcutaneous fatness and fat distribution differ on the basis of feeding practice and sex during the first 6 months of life. Longitudinal principal components analysis (PCA) was done on skinfolds measured at five sites in 45 breast-fed and 41 formula-fed infants. The first component represented fatness, the second component change in fatness, and the third component upper body/lower body fat distribu…
Precision of measuring body fat distribution in adolescent African American girls from the ‘healthy growth study’
Precision estimates are given for anthropometric assessment of body fat distribution in participants (n = 86) of the Healthy Growth Study (total n = 154). This five year longitudinal study explored the psychosocial and biologic influences on activity levels in urban adolescent African American girls. The basic anthropometric data include height, weight, four body and limb circumferences, and five skinfold measurements. It is proposed that ratio i…
Conicity
"Conicity" (C) is an index of body fat distribution which expresses an individuals waist circumference relative to the circumference of a cylinder generated with that persons weight and height assuming a constant for body density (Valdez [1991] J. Clin. Epidemiol. 44:955-956). The more central a person is in fat distribution, the higher the value of C. In a pilot study of cardiovascular reactivity and dimensions of anger and hostility in 60 Afric…
Precision of measuring body fat distribution in adolescent African American girls from the ‘healthy growth study’
Precision estimates are given for anthropometric assessment of body fat distribution in participants (n = 86) of the Healthy Growth Study (total n = 154). This five year longitudinal study explored the psychosocial and biologic influences on activity levels in urban adolescent African American girls. The basic anthropometric data include height, weight, four body and limb circumferences, and five skinfold measurements. It is proposed that ratio i…
Conicity
“Conicity” (C) is an index of body fat distribution which expresses an individuals waist circumference relative to the circumference of a cylinder generated with that persons weight and height assuming a constant for body density (Valdez [1991] J. Clin. Epidemiol. 44:955–956). The more central a person is in fat distribution, the higher the value of C. In a pilot study of cardiovascular reactivity and dimensions of anger and hostility in 60 Afric…
Precision of the one‐ versus two‐handed method of skinfold measurement in the obese
Skinfolds at five anatomic sites were measured on 47 subjects in a study of gallbladder disease in Starr County, Texas, by two methods, one and two handed. A comparison was made of the two methods as to bias and precision. There were statistically significant but biologically unimportant differences (on the order of 1–2 mm) at four of the five sites. At three of these, the two‐handed method gave larger values (lower thigh, triceps, and subscapula…
Obesity and upper body fat distribution in Mexican American children from families with a diabetic proband
Upper and centralized body fat distribution is associated with non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Few studies have focused on anthropometric characteristics of preadults from families in which there is a diabetic (NIDDM) proband. This study explores the prevalence of upper and centralized body fatness in Mexican American children from the Diabetes Alert study (1981–1983) in Starr County, Texas. Anthropometric data on 165 males and 2…
Body fat distribution and job stress in Mexican‐American men of the hispanic health and nutrition examination survey
A positive relationship between psychosocial stress and central body fat distribution has been hypothesized. To test this hypothesis, two indices derived from principal components analysis of four skinfold measurements were studied in relation to imputed job stress characteristics (decision latitude, skill discretion, decision authority, and psychological demands) in Mexican‐American men of the U.S. Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Surve…
Body fat distribution
Three indices derived from principal components analysis of four skinfold measurements were studied in relation to socioeconomic status (SES; income and education) in men and women of the U.S. Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). The three indices were fatness (PC1), central body fat distribution (PC2), and “centralized obesity” (PC1 + PC2). The well‐known inverse relation of fatness (PC1) with SES was demonstrated in women.…
Body circumferences as measures of body fat distribution in 10–14‐year‐old schoolchildren
In this paper the hypothesis is tested that circumferences are as useful as skinfolds in children aged 10–14 years to detect variation in regional fat distribution. This would be confirmed by the appearance of a significant canonical correlation between a vector of appropriately selected circumferences and an analogous vector of skinfolds, producing a weighted pattern suggestive of centralized obesity (that is a series of mathematical weights of …
Body circumferences as alternatives to skinfold measures of body fat distribution in children
The ratios of circumferences (waist/hip, waist/thigh) have been proposed in lieu of skinfold measurements for studies of obesity and body fat distribution in adults. The skinfold method has been used successfully in children to study the growth and development of patterns of body fat distribution, but circumferences have not. We studied the relationship between these two methodologies as indicators of body fat and its anatomical distribution amon…
Socioeconomic status, obesity and non‐insulin dependent diabetes in Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas
This study seeks the relationship between socioeconomic status (S.E.S.), obesity and non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus within the Starr County population of South Texas. The study used data from the first phase of the Diabetes Alert Study, constituting a random sample of 1,926 adult individuals. The prevalence of obesity (Wt/Ht2>30) in this population was twice that of the U.S. population (20–22%), but less than a 30% rate was observed in e…
Relative reliability of circumferences and skinfolds as measures of body fat distribution
The question has arisen whether patterns of body fat distribution can be identified by body circumferences, a method which is said to be more reliable and simpler than skinfold thickness or like measures of subcutaneous fat (Ashwell et al., Int. J. Obes. 6: 143–152, 1982). Here we address the question of whether body circumferences are inherently more reliable than skinfold thicknesses in 77 intra‐ and 224 interexaminer replicates from the Health…
Anthropometric Health Assessment of Adults
Anthropometry is the physical measurement of the human body. Historically, physical anthropologists have centered on osteometric and craniometric measurements; in the 19th century, the focus was on skeletal populations. At the beginning of the 20th century, this research focus shifted to the living as scientists such as Henry Bowditch, the medical doctor, and Franz Boas, the anthropologist, used anthropometric measurements of growing children as …
Android (centralized) obesity and somatotypes in men
The relationship between body fat distribution patterns and somatotype among 824 men was sought from Sheldon, Dupertuis and MacDermott's Atlas of Men (1954). The men were classified photoscopically into obese, overweight and normal weight classes and then into android (central), intermediate and gynoid (generalized) classes of body fat patterning independently and blindly by two observers. Android fat men were found by both observers to be older …
Androgyny in fat patterning is associated with obesity in adolescents and young adults
Recent work suggests that android or male-type obesity is characterized by fat cell enlargement on the trunk and upper body. This implies adult differences in patterns of body fat distribution may have developmental origins connected with differences in maturation or age of onset of obesity. To investigate this, we studied adolescent females (N = 455, 12 years), males (N = 527, 14 years) and young adults (N = 393 females and N = 413 males, 17 yea…
The diabetes alert study
Diabetes Alert is a multidisciplinary genetic and epidemiological study of Type II (non insulin‐dependent) diabetes in Texas Mexican Americans. We report the anthropometry of 1,155 individuals 10 to 70 or more years with particular reference to overweight, fatness, and anatomical fat patterning in the sample. Children ages 10–18 of both sexes are growing at the 50th percentile of the reference data (U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey‐1)…
Anatomical distribution of subcutaneous fat and its description by multivariate methods
Principal components analyses of subcutaneous fat measurements covering arm, trunk, and leg areas of the body were performed on 44 samples varying in sex, age, and ethnicity of subjects; measurement technique; and number of sites studied. Three major components emerged, similar in all samples: A first component of obesity, a second component of anatomical fat distribution contrasting trunk and extremity fat, and a third distributional component c…
The diabetes alert study
Diabetes Alert is a multidisciplinary genetic and epidemiological study of Type II (non insulin‐dependent) diabetes in Texas Mexican Americans. We report the anthropometry of 1,155 individuals 10 to 70 or more years with particular reference to overweight, fatness, and anatomical fat patterning in the sample. Children ages 10–18 of both sexes are growing at the 50th percentile of the reference data (U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey‐1)…
A multivariate analysis of fatness and relative fat patterning
Skinfold measurements (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and medial calf) in four samples (376 boys, 352 girls, 338 men and 380 women from rural Colombia) were subjected to principal components analysis to identify components of obesity and relative fat patterning. Three components emerged which were similar in the four samples: a first component of fatness explaining 70–80% of the variance and two fat pattern components each explaining 10–15% of …
The changes with age of the anatomical distribution of fat
Relative reliability of circumferences and skinfolds as measures of body fat distribution
The question has arisen whether patterns of body fat distribution can be identified by body circumferences, a method which is said to be more reliable and simpler than skinfold thickness or like measures of subcutaneous fat (Ashwell et al., Int. J. Obes. 6: 143–152, 1982). Here we address the question of whether body circumferences are inherently more reliable than skinfold thicknesses in 77 intra‐ and 224 interexaminer replicates from the Health…
Aging and secular change in adult stature in rural Colombia
Age‐associated changes in adult stature of a cross‐sectional sample of 634 adults from rural Colombia were estimated by multiple regression of stature and age controlling for subischial length, and from equations predicting maximum attained stature from subischial length. From these analyses the estimated rate of loss in stature due to aging per se for men was 0.12 cm/yr, while for women it was 0.03 cm/yr. When corrected for aging, several secula…
The genetics of human fatness
Studies on the quantitative genetics of fatness are reviewed in the framework of the twin, adoption‐cohabitation, and familial aggregation methodologies. Low to moderate heritability of adult static fatness is evident. Somewhat less than one‐third of the variation appears ascribable to genetic causes. Genetic factors may play a greater role in childhood fatness, especially during adolescence. Comparison of studies is made difficult by many method…
Altitude, heredity and body proportions in northern Chile
Recent studies of the effects of hypoxia on human growth and adult size have focused mainly on the variability of single measurements. In this paper we explore changes with altitude and ethnicity (Spanish‐Aymara ancestry) in body proportions of permanent residents of an altitudinal gradient (0–4000 meters) in northern Chile. Body proportion or shape is assessed by anthropometric indices and principal components of 14 bone measurements. Ethnicity …
Differential contribution of stature phenotypes to assortative mating in parents of Philadelphia Black and White school children
Assortative mating for stature, weight, and the ponderal and Quetelet's indices is considered in a large sample of Philadelphia Blacks and Whites. The husband‐wife correlation for stature is positive and significant in Whites ( r = 0.34, d.f. = 382), but negligible in Blacks ( r = 0.06, d.f. = 420). Correlations for weight and the body indices are positive and significant in both samples, those for body indices showing some dependency on the husb…
Part IV
Correlations between relatives (N=1476 pairs) for lung function (FVC, FEV‐3, FEV‐1 and Peak Flow rate) and height were determined in an Aymara population residing at different altitudes in Chile. The correlations reflect a heritability of lung function (adjusted for age, sex and height) which is lower than that for height in this population. Few of the coefficients were significantly different from zero for the vital capacity (FVC), suggesting a …
A Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program. VIII. Lung function changes with migration between altitudes
Studies of lung function in high altitude populations have suggested the influence of hypoxic environment on the development of this characteristic independent of confounding variables such as ethnicity and habitual exercise. However, often the effect of altitude on vital capacity is greater in children than adults, suggesting that more than developmental adaptation is operative. Also selective migration could account for the similarity of migran…
The Bacon Chow study
Estimates of the prevalence of energy–protein malnutrition almost universally employ physical growth measurements. In this study we focus on this disease and the role of body size of relatives as mediators of responses in individuals to one type of nutrition intervention: supplementation of pregnant and lactating women. In this study, initiated by Dr. Bacon Chow and others in 1967, during gestation of a first infant a mother was untreated, while …
Differential contribution of stature phenotypes to assortative mating in parents of Philadelphia Black and White school children
Assortative mating for stature, weight, and the ponderal and Quetelet's indices is considered in a large sample of Philadelphia Blacks and Whites. The husband‐wife correlation for stature is positive and significant in Whites ( r = 0.34, d.f. = 382), but negligible in Blacks ( r = 0.06, d.f. = 420). Correlations for weight and the body indices are positive and significant in both samples, those for body indices showing some dependency on the husb…
Sibling correlations in growth and adult morphology in a rural Colombian population
Correlations for body measurement between members of 207 pairs of school-aged and 116 pairs of adult siblings in a mestizo farming community of the Colombian Andes are comparable to those from previous studies of well nourished urban-industrial samples, both in magnitude and pattern of heritabilities. While the genetic potential in physical growth is impeded by undernutrition and disease in childhood in samples such as the present one, hereditary…
Genetic and environmental determinants of growth of school-aged children in a rural Colombian population
Parent-offspring correlations and heritabilities of body measurements from midparent-offspring regressions are presented for school-aged children from the village of Tenza, Colombia (N = 403 families). Parent-child correlations and midparent regressions in this subsistence farming sample, are similar in magnitude to those for well nourished, urban industrial samples, suggesting that the environmental component of variability in body size is the s…
Aging and secular change in adult stature in rural Colombia
Age‐associated changes in adult stature of a cross‐sectional sample of 634 adults from rural Colombia were estimated by multiple regression of stature and age controlling for subischial length, and from equations predicting maximum attained stature from subischial length. From these analyses the estimated rate of loss in stature due to aging per se for men was 0.12 cm/yr, while for women it was 0.03 cm/yr. When corrected for aging, several secula…
A multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program
In 1972 a multidisciplinary study sought to assess the health status of the indigenous peoples of the Department of Arica in northern Chile, the Aymara, and to relate disease, morphological, physiological and biochemical variation, to the wide changes in altitude of the region. Presented here are the morphological changes which accompany age, altitude and ethnicity amoung 1047 children and adults, permanent residents of the coast, sierra and alti…
Transient environmental changes and age-limited genes as causes of variation in sib-sib and parent-offspring correlations
Correlations between 116 adult siblings in soft tissue measurements (weight, muscle, fat) diminished with increasing age difference between members of a sibling pair. This did not occur for bone measurements. The estimated heritabilities of the latter are less likely to vary among samples drawn from different environments than are estimated heritabilities of soft tissue
II. Genetics
II. Genetics
Colour-blindness in Colombia
The frequency of defective colour vision was studied in two neighbouring villages in the Andes Mountains of Colombia using AO H-R-R Pseudoisochromatic plates. The frequency of the red-green colour-blindness in males is almost the same in both villages (2.36-2.53%), being similar to frequencies reported for other mestizo' populations in Latin America. In one of the communities, families in which colour-blindness occurred were wealthier (P is less …
A multivariate analysis of fatness and relative fat patterning
Skinfold measurements (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and medial calf) in four samples (376 boys, 352 girls, 338 men and 380 women from rural Colombia) were subjected to principal components analysis to identify components of obesity and relative fat patterning. Three components emerged which were similar in the four samples: a first component of fatness explaining 70–80% of the variance and two fat pattern components each explaining 10–15% of …
Altitude, heredity and body proportions in northern Chile
Recent studies of the effects of hypoxia on human growth and adult size have focused mainly on the variability of single measurements. In this paper we explore changes with altitude and ethnicity (Spanish‐Aymara ancestry) in body proportions of permanent residents of an altitudinal gradient (0–4000 meters) in northern Chile. Body proportion or shape is assessed by anthropometric indices and principal components of 14 bone measurements. Ethnicity …
A Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program. VIII. Lung function changes with migration between altitudes
Studies of lung function in high altitude populations have suggested the influence of hypoxic environment on the development of this characteristic independent of confounding variables such as ethnicity and habitual exercise. However, often the effect of altitude on vital capacity is greater in children than adults, suggesting that more than developmental adaptation is operative. Also selective migration could account for the similarity of migran…
Part IV
Correlations between relatives (N=1476 pairs) for lung function (FVC, FEV‐3, FEV‐1 and Peak Flow rate) and height were determined in an Aymara population residing at different altitudes in Chile. The correlations reflect a heritability of lung function (adjusted for age, sex and height) which is lower than that for height in this population. Few of the coefficients were significantly different from zero for the vital capacity (FVC), suggesting a …
Anthropometric measurements and Darwinian fitness
The relationship between anthropometrics and three measures of Darwinian fitness—number of surviving children, number of living siblings and marital status—was sought in a population practising no contraception. The pattern suggestive of stabilizing selection was evident for one dimension, destabilizing selection for another dimension, and directional selection for yet another. The dimensions studied were those least intercorrelated one with anot…
Anatomical distribution of subcutaneous fat and its description by multivariate methods
Principal components analyses of subcutaneous fat measurements covering arm, trunk, and leg areas of the body were performed on 44 samples varying in sex, age, and ethnicity of subjects; measurement technique; and number of sites studied. Three major components emerged, similar in all samples: A first component of obesity, a second component of anatomical fat distribution contrasting trunk and extremity fat, and a third distributional component c…
The changes with age of the anatomical distribution of fat
The genetics of human fatness
Studies on the quantitative genetics of fatness are reviewed in the framework of the twin, adoption‐cohabitation, and familial aggregation methodologies. Low to moderate heritability of adult static fatness is evident. Somewhat less than one‐third of the variation appears ascribable to genetic causes. Genetic factors may play a greater role in childhood fatness, especially during adolescence. Comparison of studies is made difficult by many method…
The Bacon Chow study
Estimates of the prevalence of energy–protein malnutrition almost universally employ physical growth measurements. In this study we focus on this disease and the role of body size of relatives as mediators of responses in individuals to one type of nutrition intervention: supplementation of pregnant and lactating women. In this study, initiated by Dr. Bacon Chow and others in 1967, during gestation of a first infant a mother was untreated, while …
The diabetes alert study
Diabetes Alert is a multidisciplinary genetic and epidemiological study of Type II (non insulin‐dependent) diabetes in Texas Mexican Americans. We report the anthropometry of 1,155 individuals 10 to 70 or more years with particular reference to overweight, fatness, and anatomical fat patterning in the sample. Children ages 10–18 of both sexes are growing at the 50th percentile of the reference data (U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey‐1)…
Android (centralized) obesity and somatotypes in men
The relationship between body fat distribution patterns and somatotype among 824 men was sought from Sheldon, Dupertuis and MacDermott's Atlas of Men (1954). The men were classified photoscopically into obese, overweight and normal weight classes and then into android (central), intermediate and gynoid (generalized) classes of body fat patterning independently and blindly by two observers. Android fat men were found by both observers to be older …
Androgyny in fat patterning is associated with obesity in adolescents and young adults
Recent work suggests that android or male-type obesity is characterized by fat cell enlargement on the trunk and upper body. This implies adult differences in patterns of body fat distribution may have developmental origins connected with differences in maturation or age of onset of obesity. To investigate this, we studied adolescent females (N = 455, 12 years), males (N = 527, 14 years) and young adults (N = 393 females and N = 413 males, 17 yea…
Anthropometric Health Assessment of Adults
Anthropometry is the physical measurement of the human body. Historically, physical anthropologists have centered on osteometric and craniometric measurements; in the 19th century, the focus was on skeletal populations. At the beginning of the 20th century, this research focus shifted to the living as scientists such as Henry Bowditch, the medical doctor, and Franz Boas, the anthropologist, used anthropometric measurements of growing children as …
Relative reliability of circumferences and skinfolds as measures of body fat distribution
The question has arisen whether patterns of body fat distribution can be identified by body circumferences, a method which is said to be more reliable and simpler than skinfold thickness or like measures of subcutaneous fat (Ashwell et al., Int. J. Obes. 6: 143–152, 1982). Here we address the question of whether body circumferences are inherently more reliable than skinfold thicknesses in 77 intra‐ and 224 interexaminer replicates from the Health…
Socioeconomic status, obesity and non‐insulin dependent diabetes in Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas
This study seeks the relationship between socioeconomic status (S.E.S.), obesity and non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus within the Starr County population of South Texas. The study used data from the first phase of the Diabetes Alert Study, constituting a random sample of 1,926 adult individuals. The prevalence of obesity (Wt/Ht2>30) in this population was twice that of the U.S. population (20–22%), but less than a 30% rate was observed in e…
Body circumferences as alternatives to skinfold measures of body fat distribution in children
The ratios of circumferences (waist/hip, waist/thigh) have been proposed in lieu of skinfold measurements for studies of obesity and body fat distribution in adults. The skinfold method has been used successfully in children to study the growth and development of patterns of body fat distribution, but circumferences have not. We studied the relationship between these two methodologies as indicators of body fat and its anatomical distribution amon…
Demography (35 obras) · Medicine (35 obras) · Internal Medicine (19 obras) · Body mass index (17 obras) · Biology (16 obras) · Body Composition Measurement Techniques (16 obras) · Obesity (16 obras) · Mathematics (15 obras) · Anthropometry (12 obras) · Sociology (12 obras)