Martin G Schultz
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 9034837 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Martin G Schultz |
| PRENOMES | Martin G |
| SOBRENOME | Schultz |
| ASSINATURA | SCHULTZ M G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Forschungszentrum Jülich |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3455-774X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 16 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 0 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
Using Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance and Bayesian Maximum Entropy data fusion to map global surface ozone concentration
Estimates of ground-level ozone concentrations have been improved through data fusion of observations and atmospheric chemistry models. Our previous global ozone estimates for the Global Burden of Disease study corrected for bias uniformly across continents and then corrected near monitoring stations using the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) framework for data fusion. Here, we use the Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance (RAMP) framework to …
Trend detection of atmospheric time series
This paper is aimed at atmospheric scientists without formal training in statistical theory. Its goal is to (1) provide a critical review of the rationale for trend analysis of the time series typically encountered in the field of atmospheric chemistry, (2) describe a range of trend-detection methods, and (3) demonstrate effective means of conveying the results to a general audience. Trend detections in atmospheric chemical composition data are o…
Multi-decadal surface ozone trends at globally distributed remote locations
Extracting globally representative trend information from lower tropospheric ozone observations is extremely difficult due to the highly variable distribution and interannual variability of ozone, and the ongoing shift of ozone precursor emissions from high latitudes to low latitudes. Here we report surface ozone trends at 27 globally distributed remote locations (20 in the Northern Hemisphere, 7 in the Southern Hemisphere), focusing on continuou…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
From the earliest observations of ozone in the lower atmosphere in the 19th century, both measurement methods and the portion of the globe observed have evolved and changed. These methods have different uncertainties and biases, and the data records differ with respect to coverage (space and time), information content, and representativeness. In this study, various ozone measurement methods and ozone datasets are reviewed and selected for inclusi…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
The goal of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is to provide the research community with an up-to-date scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, from the surface to the tropopause. While a suite of observations provides significant information on the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone, observational gaps make it necessary to use global atmospheric chemistry models to synthesize our understanding of the process…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
This study quantifies the present-day global and regional distributions (2010–2014) and trends (2000–2014) for five ozone metrics relevant for short-term and long-term human exposure. These metrics, calculated by the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report, are: 4th highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone (4MDA8); number of days with MDA8 > 70 ppb (NDGT70), SOMO35 (annual Sum of Ozone Means Over 35 ppb) and two seasonally averaged metrics (3MMDA1; AVGMDA…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
This Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) on the current state of knowledge of ozone metrics of relevance to vegetation (TOAR-Vegetation) reports on present-day global distribution of ozone at over 3300 vegetated sites and the long-term trends at nearly 1200 sites. TOAR-Vegetation focusses on three metrics over vegetation-relevant time-periods across major world climatic zones: M12, the mean ozone during 08:00–19:59; AOT40, the accumulatio…
Tropospheric ozone assessment report
Assessment of spatial and temporal variation in the impacts of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate requires appropriate metrics. A key component of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is the consistent calculation of these metrics at thousands of monitoring sites globally. Investigating temporal trends in these metrics required that the same statistical methods be applied across these ozone monitoring sites. The nonparametr…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project. This paper is a component of the report, focusing on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Utilizing the TOAR surface ozone database, several figures present the global distribution and trends of daytime average ozone at 2702 non-urb…
Regional trend analysis of surface ozone observations from monitoring networks in eastern North America, Europe and East Asia
Surface ozone is a greenhouse gas and pollutant detrimental to human health and crop and ecosystem productivity. The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is designed to provide the research community with an up-to-date observation-based overview of tropospheric ozone’s global distribution and trends. The TOAR Surface Ozone Database contains ozone metrics at thousands of monitoring sites around the world, densely clustered across mid-latitu…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the…
The Global Atmosphere Watch reactive gases measurement network
Long-term observations of reactive gases in the troposphere are important for understanding trace gas cycles and the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere, assessing impacts of emission changes, verifying numerical model simulations, and quantifying the interactions between short-lived compounds and climate change. The World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program coordinates a global network of surface stations s…
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system
Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black carbon is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties. This assessment provides an evaluation of black‐carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; i…
Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols
We present and discuss a new dataset of gridded emissions covering the historical period (1850–2000) in decadal increments at a horizontal resolution of 0.5° in latitude and longitude. The primary purpose of this inventory is to provide consistent gridded emissions of reactive gases and aerosols for use in chemistry model simulations needed by climate models for the Climate Model Intercomparison Program #5 (CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmen…
Internships in Sociology
Internship courses recently have become an integral part of many social science degree programs. At the same time, concern about liability issues has intensified in American society as a whole, especially in fields such as education, where the possibility of litigation poses a greater threat than in the past. This article reviews a variety of conditions and situations bearing on the legal responsibilities and liabilities of internship courses. Sp…
Dysplastic deformation of a skull of a pre-columbian Mimbres-Indian from New Mexico - A contribution to the turrcephalon problem
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Dysplastic deformation of a skull of a pre-columbian Mimbres-Indian from New Mexico - A contribution to the turrcephalon problem
Internships in Sociology
Internship courses recently have become an integral part of many social science degree programs. At the same time, concern about liability issues has intensified in American society as a whole, especially in fields such as education, where the possibility of litigation poses a greater threat than in the past. This article reviews a variety of conditions and situations bearing on the legal responsibilities and liabilities of internship courses. Sp…
Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols
We present and discuss a new dataset of gridded emissions covering the historical period (1850–2000) in decadal increments at a horizontal resolution of 0.5° in latitude and longitude. The primary purpose of this inventory is to provide consistent gridded emissions of reactive gases and aerosols for use in chemistry model simulations needed by climate models for the Climate Model Intercomparison Program #5 (CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmen…
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system
Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black carbon is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties. This assessment provides an evaluation of black‐carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; i…
The Global Atmosphere Watch reactive gases measurement network
Long-term observations of reactive gases in the troposphere are important for understanding trace gas cycles and the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere, assessing impacts of emission changes, verifying numerical model simulations, and quantifying the interactions between short-lived compounds and climate change. The World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program coordinates a global network of surface stations s…
Regional trend analysis of surface ozone observations from monitoring networks in eastern North America, Europe and East Asia
Surface ozone is a greenhouse gas and pollutant detrimental to human health and crop and ecosystem productivity. The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is designed to provide the research community with an up-to-date observation-based overview of tropospheric ozone’s global distribution and trends. The TOAR Surface Ozone Database contains ozone metrics at thousands of monitoring sites around the world, densely clustered across mid-latitu…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
The goal of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is to provide the research community with an up-to-date scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, from the surface to the tropopause. While a suite of observations provides significant information on the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone, observational gaps make it necessary to use global atmospheric chemistry models to synthesize our understanding of the process…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
This study quantifies the present-day global and regional distributions (2010–2014) and trends (2000–2014) for five ozone metrics relevant for short-term and long-term human exposure. These metrics, calculated by the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report, are: 4th highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone (4MDA8); number of days with MDA8 > 70 ppb (NDGT70), SOMO35 (annual Sum of Ozone Means Over 35 ppb) and two seasonally averaged metrics (3MMDA1; AVGMDA…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
This Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) on the current state of knowledge of ozone metrics of relevance to vegetation (TOAR-Vegetation) reports on present-day global distribution of ozone at over 3300 vegetated sites and the long-term trends at nearly 1200 sites. TOAR-Vegetation focusses on three metrics over vegetation-relevant time-periods across major world climatic zones: M12, the mean ozone during 08:00–19:59; AOT40, the accumulatio…
Tropospheric ozone assessment report
Assessment of spatial and temporal variation in the impacts of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate requires appropriate metrics. A key component of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is the consistent calculation of these metrics at thousands of monitoring sites globally. Investigating temporal trends in these metrics required that the same statistical methods be applied across these ozone monitoring sites. The nonparametr…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project. This paper is a component of the report, focusing on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Utilizing the TOAR surface ozone database, several figures present the global distribution and trends of daytime average ozone at 2702 non-urb…
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
From the earliest observations of ozone in the lower atmosphere in the 19th century, both measurement methods and the portion of the globe observed have evolved and changed. These methods have different uncertainties and biases, and the data records differ with respect to coverage (space and time), information content, and representativeness. In this study, various ozone measurement methods and ozone datasets are reviewed and selected for inclusi…
Multi-decadal surface ozone trends at globally distributed remote locations
Extracting globally representative trend information from lower tropospheric ozone observations is extremely difficult due to the highly variable distribution and interannual variability of ozone, and the ongoing shift of ozone precursor emissions from high latitudes to low latitudes. Here we report surface ozone trends at 27 globally distributed remote locations (20 in the Northern Hemisphere, 7 in the Southern Hemisphere), focusing on continuou…
Trend detection of atmospheric time series
This paper is aimed at atmospheric scientists without formal training in statistical theory. Its goal is to (1) provide a critical review of the rationale for trend analysis of the time series typically encountered in the field of atmospheric chemistry, (2) describe a range of trend-detection methods, and (3) demonstrate effective means of conveying the results to a general audience. Trend detections in atmospheric chemical composition data are o…
Using Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance and Bayesian Maximum Entropy data fusion to map global surface ozone concentration
Estimates of ground-level ozone concentrations have been improved through data fusion of observations and atmospheric chemistry models. Our previous global ozone estimates for the Global Burden of Disease study corrected for bias uniformly across continents and then corrected near monitoring stations using the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) framework for data fusion. Here, we use the Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance (RAMP) framework to …
Environmental Science (14 obras) · Geography (14 obras) · Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols (13 obras) · Meteorology (13 obras) · Tropospheric ozone (11 obras) · Atmospheric Ozone and Climate (10 obras) · Climatology (10 obras) · Ozone (10 obras) · Atmospheric sciences (9 obras) · Geology (8 obras)