Jorge Vala
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 90444 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jorge Vala |
| PRENOMES | Jorge |
| SOBRENOME | Vala |
| ASSINATURA | VALA J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Lisbon |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1265-4936 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 248 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1996 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
The relationship between populism and national identity
There is growing research on the relationship between populism and national identity, but findings remain conceptually and methodologically fragmented. This scoping review synthesizes quantitative evidence from 69 manuscripts (87 studies, 232 associations). Following JBI and PRISMA‐ScR guidance, we charted study characteristics and used thematic content analysis to classify populism as demand‐side (attitudes/beliefs, sentiments/evaluations, endor…
System Trust Mediates the Relationship Between Belief in a Just World and Acceptance of Social Inequality in European Countries
Why do people who are more motivated by justice show greater acceptance of social inequality even when they live in unjust contexts? This question goes beyond the well‐known link between Belief in a Just World (BJW) and acceptance of injustice requiring a framework that incorporates system trust and societal justice. We present a new perspective on this question by proposing an analytical multilevel justice model that predicts that the relationsh…
The Intergroup Time Bias and Its Implications for Medical Healthcare
The Intergroup Time Bias (ITB) is an unobtrusive yet impactful form of discrimination, characterized by the unequal allocation of time, favoring White individuals compared to Black individuals. This biased time allocation has significant implications for racial inequities in critical social domains, including healthcare. Across three studies, we demonstrate the ITB as a pervasive factor contributing to racial healthcare disparities. Study 1 ( N =…
Racial discrimination in time investment
Intergroup time bias (ITB) is a discriminatory behavior in which individuals invest more time in members of their ingroup than of the outgroup. We examined the ITB effect in three culturally diverse countries (Angola, Portugal, and Brazil), each with distinct racialized hierarchies shaped by symbolic social values and group size dynamics. We systematically examined the robustness and moderators of ITB, providing the first culturally informed anal…
Intergroup time bias and aversive racism in the medical context
193) further revealed more time investment in diagnosing, assessing pain, and prescribing opioids for White than Black male patients. This biased time effect mediated the impact of patients' skin color on health care outcomes, leading to greater diagnostic accuracy and pain perception, and lower opioid prescriptions. A meta-analytical integration of the results (Study 6) confirmed the ITB effect reliability across experiments and that it is stron…
How Fair is Economic Inequality? Belief in a Just World and the Legitimation of Economic Disparities in 27 European Countries
This article aims to examine the role of Belief in a Just World (BJW) in the legitimation of economic inequality. Using data from 27 European countries ( N=47,086), we conducted multilevel analyses and found that BJW positively predicted the legitimation of economic inequality, measured by three indicators: the perceived fairness of the overall wealth inequality, and the fairness of the earnings made by the Top 10% and the Bottom 10% of society. …
The impact of biological and cultural racisms on attitudes towards immigrants and immigration public policies
Based on ESS-7 data, this paper focuses on two attitudinal dimensions about public policies related to immigration: how many can come and who can come. In this context, the hypothesis concerning the bi-dimensionality of racism was supported and, as predicted, biological racism is more anti-normative than cultural racism. Both biological and cultural racism predict opposition to immigration and adhesion to ethnicist criteria on the selection of im…
O papel do estatuto dos grupos a da história do conflito nas estratégias de diferenciação intergrupal
De acordo com a Teoria da Identidade Social e das Relações Intergrupais de Tajfel, a percepção de um estatuto superior conduz a uma maior identificação com o grupo próprio e a um maior favoritismo para com o grupo próprio do que a percepção de um estatuto inferior. Foi hipotetizado que o grau em que os grupos em conflito, quer sejam de estatuto inferior ou superior, afirmam a sua identidade grupal e exibem favoritismo para com o grupo próprio dep…
Teachers' legitimacy
BackgroundTeachers' legitimacy is central to school functioning. Teachers' justice, whether distributive or procedural, predicts teachers' legitimacy.AimsWhat is still do be found, and constitutes the goal of this paper, is whether unjust treatment by a teacher affects the legitimacy of the teacher differently when the student knows that the teacher was fair to a peer (comparative judgement) or when the student does not have that information (aut…
Differential impact of independent and interdependent views of the self on the use of consensus and heterogeneity information
In this article, we analyse the moderating effect of the activation of independent and interdependent views of the self on the use of heterogeneity and consensus information in the attribution of validity to group decisions. In two experimental studies, we present evidence showing that the participants, when primed with an interdependent view of the self, make no distinction between homogeneous or heterogeneous information regarding group composi…
The Social Developmental Construction of Violence and Intergroup Conflict
Intergroup Relations
A experiência de justiça e de injustiça nas organizações
Com o fim de estudar o tipo de relevância das experiências de (in)justiça nas situações de trabalho, realizou-se um estudo de 193 sujeitos de 18 organizações. Foi pedido aos participantes: a) que descrevessem uma situação em que se sentiram injustiçados pelo seu superior hierárquico (estímulo 1) ou na sua organização (estímulo 2); b) que referissem o que tornaria justa a situação descrita. Procedeu-se a uma categorização de episódios e a uma clas…
Efeitos do contexto social de interacção na julgabilidade social
O modelo da julgabilidade social afirma que para que um julgamento possa ser realizado, as pessoas necessitam de sentir que estão em posição de julgar. Emitir um julgamento, não é apenas uma questão de integrar informação individual e categorical acerca de um alvo. Depende igualmente da relação que existe entre os juízes e os seus julgamentos. A partir do contexto pragmático que envolve qualquer julgamento social, os percipientes têm de considera…
Representações sociais sobre o descobrimento do Brasil
Neste estudo analisamos a representação social (RS) do descobrimento do Brasil, no quadro da hipótese segundo a qual a evocação dos acontecimentos remotos âncora em princípios identitários. Primeiramente é estudada a representação dos actores da colonização (colonizadores portugueses, índios e escravos africanos), seguidamente esta representação é relacionada com outras dimensões da memória do descobrimento do Brasil. Os dados analisados foram re…
Justiça nas organizações
Com o objectivo de testar a dinâmica psicológica do modelo do valor do grupo num contexto de mudança organizacional, realizou-se um estudo junto de 176 empregados de uma mesa de serviços. Foi pedido aos participantes que: a) pensassem numa situação de confronto ou problemas com o superior hierárquico; b) que avaliassem o comportamento deste, nessa situação, relativamente a três dimensões de justiça: interaccional, procedimental e distribuitiva; c…
Grupos sociais e representação social da violência
Efeitos da justiça organizacional percebida sobre a satisfação no trabalho e as opções comportamentais
Este estudo de campo analisam-se as consequências da justiça organizacional percebida sobre a satisfação no trabalho e a implicação organizacional, assim como a influência destas variáveis sobre duas estratégias comportamentais: saída externa e "saída" interna, definidas, respectivamente, como intenção para abandonar a organização e para se transferir internamente. Foram operacionalizadas três dimensões da justiça percebida: distributiva, procedi…
Dimensões das motivações para o trabalho - um estudo empírico
Examina-se a organização das motivações para o trabalho de uma amostra de 5000 trabalhadores de uma Empresa Pública de serviços, amostra esta que cobre todos os distritos do país. Os resultados obtidos são discutidos à luz de duas das taxonomias de motivações para o trabalho: a de Maslow e a de Herzberg. Discutem-se ainda os resultados em função de estudos transnacionais realizados por outros autores. O impacto dos resultados obtidos nos sistemas…
Crença no mundo justo e vitimização secundária
Os estudos apresentados neste artigo têm como objectivo testar a predição básica da teoria da crença no mundo justo (CMJ) de que os observadores com maior CMJ vitimizarão mais uma vítima inocente cujo sofrimentopersiste do que os observadores com menor CMJ. De facto, de acordo com esta teoria, a reacção de um observador a uma vítima é influencia da por três factores: o grau de CMJ do observador, a inocência da vítima, e a persistência do sofrimen…
Group heterogeneity and social validation of everyday knowledge
Studies presented in this article show that participants attribute greater validity to opinions supported by heterogeneous groups than by homogeneous ones, that this effect occurs whether participants anticipate group belonging or not and that the relationship between heterogeneity and the attribution of validity to opinions is mediated by the perception of participation within heterogeneous groups. More specifically, an experimental scenario was…
Can men promote feminist movements
This research investigates the possibility for men to promote feminist movements. In two experiments, we used the social influence technique of reassociation, known to reduce the rejection of feminists by blaming the target for forgetting that feminists have promoted women’s rights. An influence source, either same-gender (lower threat) or different-gender (higher threat), confronted participants with the reassociation technique and blamed them i…
From prejudice to discrimination
This research analyses the mediational role of threat perception in the relationship between prejudice and discrimination (opposition to immigration and opposition to naturalization of immigrants). In the first study, using representative samples in 21 European countries ( N = 36 566) from European Social Survey (2002), we showed that the relationship between prejudice and opposition to immigration was more strongly mediated by realistic than by …
Stereotype content model across cultures
The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N=1,028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence…
Conscientization of Social Cryptomnesia Reduces Hostile Sexism and Rejection of Feminists
This paper develops a hypothesis concerning the conscientization of social cryptomnesia, claiming that it is possible to reduce the rejection of minorities by reminding the population that a certain value has been promoted by a certain minority. Participants (N = 93) first reported their attitudes toward women's rights and feminist movements. They were then confronted with their higher appreciation of women's rights over feminists (social cryptom…
From prejudice to discrimination
This research analyses the mediational role of threat perception in the relationship between prejudice and discrimination (opposition to immigration and opposition to naturalization of immigrants). In the first study, using representative samples in 21 European countries ( N = 36 566) from European Social Survey (2002), we showed that the relationship between prejudice and opposition to immigration was more strongly mediated by realistic than by …
From infra-humanization to discrimination
Victim’s innocence, social categorization, and the threat to the belief in a just world
Black Immigrants in Portugal
This article analyzes the relationship between the luso–tropicalist representation of the history of Portuguese colonization and overt as well as covert expressions of anti‐immigrant prejudice. The luso–tropicalist representation emphasizes the uniqueness of the Portuguese colonial relations based on Portuguese empathy and capacity to deal with people from different cultures. This representation was created during Salazar's dictatorial regime and…
As novas formas de expressão do preconceito e do racismo
Recentemente tem-se verificado uma condenação social aberta às formas mais tradicionais e flagrantes de racismo. Em conseqüência, em várias partes do mundo, alguns estudos utilizando metodologias tradicionais de coleta de dados têm demonstrado que os estereótipos negativos associados aos negros têm diminuído. Todavia, novas e mais sofisticadas formas de expressão do preconceito e do racismo têm surgido, corporificando muitos comportamentos cotidi…
The Effects of Belief in a Just World and Victim's Innocence on Secondary Victimization, Judgements of Justice and Deservingness
Justice in Our World and in that of Others
The impact of biological and cultural racisms on attitudes towards immigrants and immigration public policies
Based on ESS-7 data, this paper focuses on two attitudinal dimensions about public policies related to immigration: how many can come and who can come. In this context, the hypothesis concerning the bi-dimensionality of racism was supported and, as predicted, biological racism is more anti-normative than cultural racism. Both biological and cultural racism predict opposition to immigration and adhesion to ethnicist criteria on the selection of im…
When Will a Victim Be Secondarily Victimized? The Effect of Observer's Belief in a Just World, Victim's Innocence and Persistence of Suffering
Relational Justice in Organizations
Validation of polemical social representations
Three studies explore the intergroup differentiation of heterogeneity as a strategy for validation of polemical social representations. The first study examines this strategy of validation in a context of simple intergroup differentiation. In the second study the context is one of open political conflict. The last study, also in a political context, introduces the perceptions of the relations between the groups as an independent variable. The fir…
Normas sociais e preconceito
Com o objetivo de analisar o papel dos contextos de resposta no preconceito automático, realizamos três estudos. No primeiro estudo, investigamos os efeitos de dois contextos normativos (igualitário e meritocrático) sobre o preconceito automático contra os Negros. Verificou-se que o contexto meritocrático aumenta o preconceito dos participantes; mas o contexto igualitário não reduz o preconceito. No segundo estudo, investigamos que sentidos as pe…
Intergroup time bias and aversive racism in the medical context
193) further revealed more time investment in diagnosing, assessing pain, and prescribing opioids for White than Black male patients. This biased time effect mediated the impact of patients' skin color on health care outcomes, leading to greater diagnostic accuracy and pain perception, and lower opioid prescriptions. A meta-analytical integration of the results (Study 6) confirmed the ITB effect reliability across experiments and that it is stron…
Teachers' legitimacy
BackgroundTeachers' legitimacy is central to school functioning. Teachers' justice, whether distributive or procedural, predicts teachers' legitimacy.AimsWhat is still do be found, and constitutes the goal of this paper, is whether unjust treatment by a teacher affects the legitimacy of the teacher differently when the student knows that the teacher was fair to a peer (comparative judgement) or when the student does not have that information (aut…
Group heterogeneity and social validation of everyday knowledge
Studies presented in this article show that participants attribute greater validity to opinions supported by heterogeneous groups than by homogeneous ones, that this effect occurs whether participants anticipate group belonging or not and that the relationship between heterogeneity and the attribution of validity to opinions is mediated by the perception of participation within heterogeneous groups. More specifically, an experimental scenario was…
The Intergroup Time Bias and Its Implications for Medical Healthcare
The Intergroup Time Bias (ITB) is an unobtrusive yet impactful form of discrimination, characterized by the unequal allocation of time, favoring White individuals compared to Black individuals. This biased time allocation has significant implications for racial inequities in critical social domains, including healthcare. Across three studies, we demonstrate the ITB as a pervasive factor contributing to racial healthcare disparities. Study 1 ( N =…
Differential impact of independent and interdependent views of the self on the use of consensus and heterogeneity information
In this article, we analyse the moderating effect of the activation of independent and interdependent views of the self on the use of heterogeneity and consensus information in the attribution of validity to group decisions. In two experimental studies, we present evidence showing that the participants, when primed with an interdependent view of the self, make no distinction between homogeneous or heterogeneous information regarding group composi…
Can men promote feminist movements
This research investigates the possibility for men to promote feminist movements. In two experiments, we used the social influence technique of reassociation, known to reduce the rejection of feminists by blaming the target for forgetting that feminists have promoted women’s rights. An influence source, either same-gender (lower threat) or different-gender (higher threat), confronted participants with the reassociation technique and blamed them i…
Mapping European social psychology
This study aims to provide a picture of the present European research topics in Social Psychology, using the 339 papers presented at the 1993 General Meeting of the EAESP. The most frequent themes of research are analysed and the structure of the association of those themes are described in a two-factor structure. The first factor differentiates research in terms of level of analysis and the second factor contrasts types of applied research.
Mapping European social psychology
This study aims to provide a picture of the present European research topics in Social Psychology, using the 339 papers presented at the 1993 General Meeting of the EAESP. The most frequent themes of research are analysed and the structure of the association of those themes are described in a two-factor structure. The first factor differentiates research in terms of level of analysis and the second factor contrasts types of applied research.
Validation of polemical social representations
Three studies explore the intergroup differentiation of heterogeneity as a strategy for validation of polemical social representations. The first study examines this strategy of validation in a context of simple intergroup differentiation. In the second study the context is one of open political conflict. The last study, also in a political context, introduces the perceptions of the relations between the groups as an independent variable. The fir…
The Effects of Belief in a Just World and Victim's Innocence on Secondary Victimization, Judgements of Justice and Deservingness
Relational Justice in Organizations
When Will a Victim Be Secondarily Victimized? The Effect of Observer's Belief in a Just World, Victim's Innocence and Persistence of Suffering
As novas formas de expressão do preconceito e do racismo
Recentemente tem-se verificado uma condenação social aberta às formas mais tradicionais e flagrantes de racismo. Em conseqüência, em várias partes do mundo, alguns estudos utilizando metodologias tradicionais de coleta de dados têm demonstrado que os estereótipos negativos associados aos negros têm diminuído. Todavia, novas e mais sofisticadas formas de expressão do preconceito e do racismo têm surgido, corporificando muitos comportamentos cotidi…
Victim’s innocence, social categorization, and the threat to the belief in a just world
Normas sociais e preconceito
Com o objetivo de analisar o papel dos contextos de resposta no preconceito automático, realizamos três estudos. No primeiro estudo, investigamos os efeitos de dois contextos normativos (igualitário e meritocrático) sobre o preconceito automático contra os Negros. Verificou-se que o contexto meritocrático aumenta o preconceito dos participantes; mas o contexto igualitário não reduz o preconceito. No segundo estudo, investigamos que sentidos as pe…
Black Immigrants in Portugal
This article analyzes the relationship between the luso–tropicalist representation of the history of Portuguese colonization and overt as well as covert expressions of anti‐immigrant prejudice. The luso–tropicalist representation emphasizes the uniqueness of the Portuguese colonial relations based on Portuguese empathy and capacity to deal with people from different cultures. This representation was created during Salazar's dictatorial regime and…
From infra-humanization to discrimination
Introduction
Justice in Our World and in that of Others
Stereotype content model across cultures
The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N=1,028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence…
Conscientization of Social Cryptomnesia Reduces Hostile Sexism and Rejection of Feminists
This paper develops a hypothesis concerning the conscientization of social cryptomnesia, claiming that it is possible to reduce the rejection of minorities by reminding the population that a certain value has been promoted by a certain minority. Participants (N = 93) first reported their attitudes toward women's rights and feminist movements. They were then confronted with their higher appreciation of women's rights over feminists (social cryptom…
From prejudice to discrimination
This research analyses the mediational role of threat perception in the relationship between prejudice and discrimination (opposition to immigration and opposition to naturalization of immigrants). In the first study, using representative samples in 21 European countries ( N = 36 566) from European Social Survey (2002), we showed that the relationship between prejudice and opposition to immigration was more strongly mediated by realistic than by …
Group heterogeneity and social validation of everyday knowledge
Studies presented in this article show that participants attribute greater validity to opinions supported by heterogeneous groups than by homogeneous ones, that this effect occurs whether participants anticipate group belonging or not and that the relationship between heterogeneity and the attribution of validity to opinions is mediated by the perception of participation within heterogeneous groups. More specifically, an experimental scenario was…
Can men promote feminist movements
This research investigates the possibility for men to promote feminist movements. In two experiments, we used the social influence technique of reassociation, known to reduce the rejection of feminists by blaming the target for forgetting that feminists have promoted women’s rights. An influence source, either same-gender (lower threat) or different-gender (higher threat), confronted participants with the reassociation technique and blamed them i…
Crença no mundo justo e vitimização secundária
Os estudos apresentados neste artigo têm como objectivo testar a predição básica da teoria da crença no mundo justo (CMJ) de que os observadores com maior CMJ vitimizarão mais uma vítima inocente cujo sofrimentopersiste do que os observadores com menor CMJ. De facto, de acordo com esta teoria, a reacção de um observador a uma vítima é influencia da por três factores: o grau de CMJ do observador, a inocência da vítima, e a persistência do sofrimen…
A experiência de justiça e de injustiça nas organizações
Com o fim de estudar o tipo de relevância das experiências de (in)justiça nas situações de trabalho, realizou-se um estudo de 193 sujeitos de 18 organizações. Foi pedido aos participantes: a) que descrevessem uma situação em que se sentiram injustiçados pelo seu superior hierárquico (estímulo 1) ou na sua organização (estímulo 2); b) que referissem o que tornaria justa a situação descrita. Procedeu-se a uma categorização de episódios e a uma clas…
Efeitos do contexto social de interacção na julgabilidade social
O modelo da julgabilidade social afirma que para que um julgamento possa ser realizado, as pessoas necessitam de sentir que estão em posição de julgar. Emitir um julgamento, não é apenas uma questão de integrar informação individual e categorical acerca de um alvo. Depende igualmente da relação que existe entre os juízes e os seus julgamentos. A partir do contexto pragmático que envolve qualquer julgamento social, os percipientes têm de considera…
Representações sociais sobre o descobrimento do Brasil
Neste estudo analisamos a representação social (RS) do descobrimento do Brasil, no quadro da hipótese segundo a qual a evocação dos acontecimentos remotos âncora em princípios identitários. Primeiramente é estudada a representação dos actores da colonização (colonizadores portugueses, índios e escravos africanos), seguidamente esta representação é relacionada com outras dimensões da memória do descobrimento do Brasil. Os dados analisados foram re…
Justiça nas organizações
Com o objectivo de testar a dinâmica psicológica do modelo do valor do grupo num contexto de mudança organizacional, realizou-se um estudo junto de 176 empregados de uma mesa de serviços. Foi pedido aos participantes que: a) pensassem numa situação de confronto ou problemas com o superior hierárquico; b) que avaliassem o comportamento deste, nessa situação, relativamente a três dimensões de justiça: interaccional, procedimental e distribuitiva; c…
Grupos sociais e representação social da violência
Efeitos da justiça organizacional percebida sobre a satisfação no trabalho e as opções comportamentais
Este estudo de campo analisam-se as consequências da justiça organizacional percebida sobre a satisfação no trabalho e a implicação organizacional, assim como a influência destas variáveis sobre duas estratégias comportamentais: saída externa e "saída" interna, definidas, respectivamente, como intenção para abandonar a organização e para se transferir internamente. Foram operacionalizadas três dimensões da justiça percebida: distributiva, procedi…
Psychology (28 obras) · Social Psychology (26 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (23 obras) · Political science (18 obras) · Sociology (12 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (9 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras) · Humanities (7 obras) · Ingroups and outgroups (6 obras)