John W Murphy
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 90651 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John W Murphy |
| PRENOMES | John W |
| SOBRENOME | Murphy |
| ASSINATURA | MURPHY J W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Miami |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1479-6823 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 117 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 99 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 115 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
AI, Probability, and Kurt Gödel
Probability is central to the functioning of AI. But LLMs tend to regularly hallucinate, or respond to interaction or other inquiries in improbable ways. Nonetheless, through proper training AI can be transformed into an increasingly closed system of options, thereby creating more certainty and improving the decisions made by this technology. Scaling is the process touted regularly to achieve this aim. Nonetheless, the creation of closed systems …
A People’s AI
Democratizing AI in public administration
In an era defined by the global surge in the adoption of AI-enabled technologies within public administration, the promises of efficiency and progress are being overshadowed by instances of deepening social inequality, particularly among vulnerable populations. To address this issue, we argue that democratizing AI is a pivotal step toward fostering trust, equity, and fairness within our societies. This article navigates the existing debates surro…
Community Gardening as an Organizing Strategy
Community gardening is a novel application to community organizing. The point of this article is to place this mode of organizing in a community-based perspective. By becoming community-based, this organizing strategy will become organic and help to strengthen community bonds and promote collective action. In a community-based project, local knowledge and control are paramount. But for this change to occur a proper, underlying philosophy must be …
Human-centric AI
This article provides a course of correction in the discourse surrounding human-centric AI by elucidating the philosophical underpinning that serves to create a view that AI is divorced from human-centric values. Next, we espouse the need to explicitly designate stakeholder- or community-centric values which are needed to resolve the issue of alignment. To achieve this, we present two frameworks, Ubuntu and maximum feasible participation. Finally…
Black Boxes that Curtail Human Flourishing are no Longer Available for Use in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Design
AI is considered to be very abstract to a range of critics. In this regard, algorithms are referred to regularly as black boxes and divorced from human intervention. A particular philosophical maneuver supports this outcome. The aim of this article is to (1) bring the philosophy to the surface that has contributed to this distance between AI and people and (2) offer an alternative philosophical position that can bring this technology closer to in…
Is it possible to create a responsible AI technology to be used and understood within workplaces and unblocked CEOs’ mindsets
Introduction
Participatory budgeting (PB) is seldom tied to commxunity-based philosophy, and thus is not often approached as community organizing. In this Introduction, this link is established while illustrating how the traditional stages of a PB project, such as outreach, are changed when they are conceptualized and practiced according to this philosophy. Specifically, the basic idea is that PB works best when guided by local knowledge and controlled by loc…
Community-Based Work and Participatory Budgeting
Participatory budgeting (PB) works best if this activity is viewed to be part of a trend that is referred to as community-based work. But this connection is not often made. As a result, many PB projects tend to drift away from their home communities. Although working in communities is thought to be a very practical endeavor, philosophy should not be ignored, particularly if the aim is to be community-based. Some examples are supplied in this pape…
Decolonization of AI
Community-Based Work in the Context of Digital Interaction and Covid
In the Era of COVID-19, most research and clinical practice have been carried out through videoconferencing (Zoom meetings). This style of interaction, however, comes into conflict with community-based work, which depends heavily on local insights and community entrée. In this paper, some of the reasons for this basic conflict are examined, along with some limited remedies for the restrictions placed on community-based work by computer-mediated d…
The Life Course Metaphor
This paper reviews qualitative research in the United States, highlighting the ways research has changed in the era of the third age. With growing attention to positive and uplifting aspects of aging, qualitative research has played a critical role in the exploration of the ways in which older adults are engaging in meaningful ways with others. We describe two key methodological approaches that have been important to examining positive aspects of…
Manual Scavenging in Mumbai
Manual scavenging is widely practiced in densely populated cities and not just villages in India. The country’s sanitation workers are dying in large numbers due to suffocation inside manholes while cleaning sewer waste. This article presents some of the concerns and conditions of manual scavengers in Mumbai, the most populated metropolitan city in India. While most studies and reports bring out statistics on the issue, the point of this study is…
Defining “Community” in Community Health Evaluation
This article examines the theoretical basis of the community as it is evoked in health evaluation. In particular, we examine how hospitals carrying out Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNAs) define communities as well as the implications for these definitions for how to study and engage community problems. We present qualitative findings from a sample of Appalachian nonprofit hospitals, who we asked to describe their approach to defining the …
Emergence, Construction, and Authorial Intent in Community-based Projects
The focus of community-based projects is participation. This idea has both an epistemological and a logistical dimension. Local knowledge is supposed to guide these investigations, while community members should participate in every phase of a project. In fact, some critics argue that they should control these undertakings. In this way, the “authorial intent” of these persons can be given serious attention, thereby improving social services. Thes…
Neoliberalism, Economic Radicalism, and the Normalization of Violence
Changing medical relationships after the ACA
American health care has undergone significant organizational change in recent decades. But what is the state of core medical relationships in the wake of these changes? Throughout ACA-era health care reform, the doctor-patient relationship was targeted as a particularly important focus for improving communication and health outcomes. Recent developments however have shifted the focus from individual-level outcomes to the wellbeing of populations…
Evangelical theology, health care, and the third way
In the context of American health care, considerable attention has been paid to health disparities based on both race and socioeconomic status. Scholars of public health and other social scientists agree that these inequities are enduring and tied to important social factors. Recently, community-based interventions have become popular to address population health and improve health outcomes. These projects that occur in the third sector are thoug…
Community-Based Participatory Research and the Co-Construction of Community Knowledge
From a community-based perspective, all that is known about a community is obtained through intersubjective engagement. But how, exactly, is knowledge socially constructed and revealed in community-based projects? This article addresses this question by focusing on the use of narratives to understand a community. First, the importance of stories for gaining insight into a community’s reality is presented, followed by an examination of how this in…
Tourism at the Museum and the Life-World / Muziejų Turizmas Ir Gyvenamasis Pasaulis
Museums are designed to foster tourism and thus minimize controversies. Political maneuvers are a part of this process. The type of politics that is ex- ercised, however, is often quite subtle; control is imposed through minimally invasive practices. Museums, after all, are expected to be neutral sites of dis- cussion and information dissemination. But in the end, museums remove know- ledge from the life-world and create a sterile image of cultur…
Is Community-based Work Compatible with Data Collection
Although community-based projects have introduced a successful model for addressing many social problems, less consideration has been given to how such projects should be evaluated. This paper considers whether the philosophy underlying community-based practice is compatible with data collection. Specifically at issue is whether empirical indicators are helpful to summarize a project. Although having valid knowledge is important, this paper makes…
Key theoretical distinctions in community-based health interventions
The move to community-based practice is often accompanied by doubts about the veracity of the research or clinical data that might be generated. Critics contend that the introduction of subjectivity that accompanies this maneuver obscures the empirical side of social existence, and thus compromises the discovery of facts. But this erroneous conclusion rests on confusion about several key philosophical distinctions that are discussed in this paper…
Ar postmodernizmas sunaikins politikos pagrindus
Postmodernism represents an assault on the approach realists have taken to conceptualizing knowledge and order. It shows no regard for the principles and standards that have allowed societies to grow and prosper. With respect to current politics, it is believed that postmodernism discards the commitments and moral guidelines that have enabled a range of activists to intervene at appropriate times to improve the conditions of disadvantaged persons…
Engaging a Community-based Perspective
The purpose of this article is to bring to the forefront the inconsistency of so-called “grassroots” organizations that operate by using traditional structures. The case of Educate Everyone, a nonprofit organization in the Dominican Republic, is utilized to illustrate this incompatibility at the organizational level, and identify the ways in which this issue plays out in a project. Additionally, possibilities for the organization to employ a comm…
Against Epistemology
Culture, identity, and politics
Desensitizing Herbert Blumer's Work on Race Relations
Recent applications of Herbert Blumer's group position model to the study of contemporary race prejudice have misrepresented the ongoing process of definition and accommodation that, according to Blumer, mediates race relations. By conforming to the canons of research design and using standard sample surveys, public opinion polls, variables analysis, and statistical techniques to study perceptions of group threat, group hostility, and prejudicial…
Making Sense of Postmodern Sociology
Another Step in the Study of Race Relations
Recent qualitative researchers have argued the need for a more sensitizing approach to race research that elevates in importance the concerns and interests of those under study. This article illustrates how Herbert Blumer's work on race relations, critical race theory, and participatory action research may help this objective. These projects' similar epistemologies advance a type of social imagery that has powerful emancipatory implications in re…
Shaping the cold war family
Manual Scavenging in Mumbai
Manual scavenging is widely practiced in densely populated cities and not just villages in India. The country’s sanitation workers are dying in large numbers due to suffocation inside manholes while cleaning sewer waste. This article presents some of the concerns and conditions of manual scavengers in Mumbai, the most populated metropolitan city in India. While most studies and reports bring out statistics on the issue, the point of this study is…
Understanding the Etiology of Prescription Opioid Abuse
Although studies on the initiation of substance abuse abound, the body of literature on prescription opioid abuse (POA) etiology is small. Little is known about why and how the onset of POA occurs, especially among high-risk populations. In this study we aimed to fill this important knowledge gap by exploring the POA initiation experiences of 90 prescription opioid abusers currently in treatment and their narrative accounts of the circumstances s…
What is the Justification for a Qualitative Approach to Ageing Studies
In this essay, a theoretical approach that underpins qualitative research is discussed, thereby illustrating how this outlook differs philosophically from that which underlies quantitative investigations. The purpose of this essay is to promote a firm theoretical foundation for qualitative inquiry in ageing research, which appears to be neglected in many current studies. Key to the theoretical shift attendant to qualitative research is the idea t…
The Relevance of Postmodernism for Social Science
Over the past few years postmodernism has been gaining popularity. Because the works of writers such as Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Lacan, and Félix Guattari, for example, are now readily available to the English reader, a novel intellectual force is present that must be assessed (Hassan, 1985). Terms such as "mise en abîme", "libido", "schizo-analysis", "undecidables", and so forth must be explained and their releva…
Against Epistemology
Clarifying the Philosophy Behind the Community Mental Health Act and Community‐based Interventions
The passing of the Community Mental Health Act was supposed to signal a change in the treatment of mental disorders. The idea was to embed interventions as much as possible in a community, so that treatment is accessible and appropriately designed. However, many programs that strive to be community‐based never achieve this status. The problem is that becoming community‐based is often treated as merely a methodological or tactical change, rather t…
Globalisation and medicine in Trinidad
In a qualitative study of urban Trinidadians who work in the medical industry, the concept of medical globalisation was provisionally analysed. Two research questions were addressed: what is globalisation, in the context of mainstream medicine, and how is this process manifested in everyday practices? Four fundamental principles of medical globalisation emerged from in-depth interviews and analysis of observational materials: (1) the notion of hi…
Rationality and Cultural Pluralism in the Non-recognition of Foreign Marriages
This article considers the basis on which the English courts exercise their discretion to refuse to recognise foreign marriages 1 whose formal validity 2 is beyond question and whose essential validity 3 is probably also satisfied. 4 It has been widely stated that this discretionary veto is to be wielded in accordance with the dictates of “public policy”. As far back as 1945, Lord Greene MR said that such matters were to be resolved “with due reg…
Catastrophe Theory
The work of Rene Thom relating to catastrophe theory has influenced probability theory Since so much of the research conducted by social scientists depends on calculating the probability that events will occur, an introduction to catastrophe theory is needed By discussing the social implications of the position outlined by Thom, social scientists will better understand the difficulties associated with generating probability statements
Conscripting the past
Deconstruction, discourse, and liberation
Research note
Since the passage of the U.S. 1963 Community Mental Health Act, all social planning is supposed to be community based. This means that policy research should be guided by the principle of community sensitivity, and not merely technical or logistical concerns. In this article the general tenets of community based research are outlined and applied to analysing the currently controversial issue of what it means for a person or community to be clinic…
Phenomenological social science
This article analyzes the impact of phenomenology on social research. Central to phenomenological social science is the idea of “epistemic participation,” which allows knowledge to be understood in terms of its existential character. Research that is conducted with this aim generates data that reflect the public's interests. Such methodological sensitivity increases the validity of data and the social relevance of policy research. Thus it is argu…
The Life Course Metaphor
This paper reviews qualitative research in the United States, highlighting the ways research has changed in the era of the third age. With growing attention to positive and uplifting aspects of aging, qualitative research has played a critical role in the exploration of the ways in which older adults are engaging in meaningful ways with others. We describe two key methodological approaches that have been important to examining positive aspects of…
Defining “Community” in Community Health Evaluation
This article examines the theoretical basis of the community as it is evoked in health evaluation. In particular, we examine how hospitals carrying out Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNAs) define communities as well as the implications for these definitions for how to study and engage community problems. We present qualitative findings from a sample of Appalachian nonprofit hospitals, who we asked to describe their approach to defining the …
Globalization, Market Symbolism, and Coping
Current understandings about coping have been shaped by a neo-liberal economic philosophy. This article examines the symbolic side of this outlook and considers the ways in which market imagery reinforces coping as a model of global integration. This philosophy, however, has been documented to threaten well-being. Moreover, within various philosophical fields, the assumptions that guide market imagery have lost credibility. This shift in thinking…
Where Are Your Data? A Critique of Secondary Data Analysis in Sociological Research
Secondary data analysis has become central to the research experience of many, if not the majority, of sociologists. The problem with this approach to research is the subtle, but powerful, message that is conveyed about the nature of the social world. Social existence is portrayed in an abstract and somewhat dehumanizing manner. Additionally, due to this social imagery, researchers are not encouraged to enter communities to conduct research. As a…
Ryšys tarp radikalios refleksijos, žmogaus laisvės ir etikos
The point of this article is that critical philosophical reflection is vital to human liberation. This sort of philosophy reveals the fundamental (or radical) connection between human action and any resulting reality. In this way, realism is undermined, including any claims that try to diminish utopian thought. New, more humane social imagery and embodied ethics can be proposed that elevate in importance the communal character of social life
Alejandro Serrano y la globalización desde abajo
No abstract available. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 57, No. 647, 2002: 803-813
Degreed and Nondegreed Licensed Clinical Social Workers
This exploratory study focuses on 155 randomly selected respondents who obtained a clinical license in social work with or without the Master of Social Work (MSW) degree. Ninety-seven of the respondents obtained a license with an MSW degree;fifty-eight obtained a license without the MSW degree. The two groups of respondents completed a survey instrument that explored their basic demographic characteristics, their attitudes and behaviors related t…
Religion, Altered States of Consciousness, and Social Change
Applied Sociology, Social Engineering, and Human Rationality
At this time social planning has come to be synonymous with technical forecasting. Because of this trend, the methods used by social planners are those of positive science. These methods, however, are not self-reflective, and are therefore naive about the epistemological assumptions which they inadvertantly advance. As a result of this epistemological naivete, many times the social planner is guided by methodological assumptions that are totally …
Dialogue (Exchange between Authors and Readers) Comment on Hoult, H&S , February 1981
Critical Theory and Social Organization
Critical Theory is usually associated with an intellectual tradition which emerged from the work of a group of social philosophers who coalesced around the Institute for Social Research, established in Frankfurt in 1923. This tradition is now considered to have two major branches: the first related to the work of Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Leo Lowenthal, and Walter Benjamin, while the second pertains to the expa…
Social-Scientific Study of Religion
SOCIAL-SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION Get access Religion in Sociological Perspective By Bryan Wilson Oxford University Press, 1982 187 pages $5 95 John W Murphy John W Murphy Arkansas State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume LI, Issue 4, December 1983, Pages 713-a–713, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/LI.4.713-a Published: 01 December 1983
Qualitative Methodology, Hypothesis Testing and the Needs Assessment
The qualitative methodologist argues that data have meaning only when they are verified experientially. In order for this type of verification to take place, program evaluators must utilize a "responsible" methodology when conducting research. In this paper a definition of responsible methodology is advanced, while the proper operationalization of this type of methodology is illustrated. In particular, it is shown how key needs assessment strateg…
Community-based Evaluation for Criminal Justice Planning
Program evaluation is presently facing a serious crisis since most of the data that are generated through this process are not utilized. Although political considerations contribute to this problem, many of the methodologies and strategies that are employed are not sensitive to the persons or organizations that are evaluated, and thus much irrelevant information is produced. This article maintains that a community-based evaluation model will reme…
Book Notices
Book Notices Get access Religion in West European Politics. Edited by Suzanne Berger. Frank Cass and Company Limited, 1982. 191 pages. $29.50. John W. Murphy John W. Murphy Arkansas State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume 52, Issue 2, June 1984, Pages 395-a–395, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/52.2.395-a Published: 01 June 1984
The political economy of socialism
(1984). The political economy of socialism: A Marxist social theory. History of European Ideas: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 189-192
Theories of capitalist economy
Niklas Luhmann and his view of the social function of law
The Architecture of Self‐Denial
Jacques Derrida
As Perelman suggests, rhetoric has always been concerned with understanding the basic nature of an audience. Considering this view, the perennial question posed by rhetoric might be: How does one discourse properly with an audience? Using the terminology supplied by Bitzer, this query might be rephrased to read: How does one "uncover and make available the public knowledge needed in our time and give body and voice to the universal public". Of ke…
Organizational Issues in Worker Ownership
In the United States the issue of worker control is currently receiving increased attention. Nevertheless, before this view of work and the workplace can be successfully implemented, the standard (hierarchical) image of organizational order must be rethought. Communicative competence, as discussed by Jürgen Habermas, is offered as a theoretical alternative to social ontological realism for developing a workplace that is compatible with worker con…
Consideration of Computer Mediated Education
Presently technology is proliferating throughout the world at an un precedented rate. The computer, to cite a prime example, has made its way into the home, farm, factory and of course the classroom. Great problem-solving claims are made by those who favor this in crease in computerization. However, the philosophical underpinnings of technology are not currently being given serious attention, consequently its deepest social impact remains obscure…
Pragmatism and sociology
Technology and the Manufacture of Madness
Computerized Clinical Practice
Technology is inundating every aspect of modern society, and clinical practice is no exception. Computer programs are currently available that conduct intake interviews, monitor treatment plans, administer, score, and interpret clinical instruments, and conduct actual therapy sessions. A survey of these applications is provided. Technologically generated knowledge may be objective but socially insensitive, because data must be conceptualized as “…
Phenomenological social science
This article analyzes the impact of phenomenology on social research. Central to phenomenological social science is the idea of “epistemic participation,” which allows knowledge to be understood in terms of its existential character. Research that is conducted with this aim generates data that reflect the public's interests. Such methodological sensitivity increases the validity of data and the social relevance of policy research. Thus it is argu…
Claude Lévi-Strauss
A Critical Analysis of the Impact of Day Care on the Pre-School Child and the Family
Maternal employment has increased dramatically over the last two decades. The result of this increase in the number of working mothers is the expanded use of day care programs for children. Examined in this paper are research findings on the impact of day-care on the child and the family. The implications of these findings for policy development are discussed. Currently in the United States, over 50 percent of mothers work outside the home; this …
Introduction to Thematic Special Issue
Currently technology is proliferating at a rate never before imagined. As a result, every facet of society has changed because of technological developments, including the delivery of social services. Although there is much debate over whether or not these changes are good or bad, they cannot be denied (Murphy and Pardeck, forthcoming). In fact, Jacques Ellul ( 1964: 127) has referred to modern society as a technological civilization. What he mea…
Humanizing the use of technology in education
Use of Computer Technology by Social Workers
Managing Technological Innovation
Essays discuss the American lag in advanced manufacturing technologies, the implications of robotics, strategic planning, and computerized manufacturing
Sociology (90 obras) · Political science (65 obras) · Epistemology (52 obras) · Law (45 obras) · Psychology (44 obras) · Philosophy (39 obras) · Computer Science (34 obras) · Law (28 obras) · Social science (26 obras) · Politics (25 obras)