C D Laughlin
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 9067 |
|---|---|
| NOME | C D Laughlin |
| PRENOMES | C D |
| SOBRENOME | Laughlin |
| ASSINATURA | LAUGHLIN C D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Carleton University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9242-2635 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 54 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 155 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Husserlian Neurophenomenology
Anthropology has long resisted becoming a nomothetic science, thus repeatedly missing opportunities to build upon empirical theoretical constructs, choosing instead to back away into a kind of natural history of sociocultural differences. What is required are methods that focus the ethnographic gaze upon the essential structures of perception as well as sociocultural differences. The anthropology of experience and the senses is a recent movement …
Consciousness as an intelligent complex adaptive system
In complexity theory, both the brain and consciousness are understood as trophic systems-they consume metabolic energy when they function. Complex systems are dynamic and nonlinear and comprise diverse entities that are interdependent and interconnected in such a way that information is shared and that entities adapt to one another. Some natural complex systems are complex adaptive systems (CAS), which are sensitive to change in relation to their…
Made in Censorship
Made in Censorship is a highly-engaging study of the ways in which the almost unmentionable June Fourth (1989) democracy movement and its violent suppression have been productive of a variety of meaningful literary and cinematic discourses. Made in Censorship is also a reconsideration of censorship and how it works, often paradoxically, in the People's Republic of China, as a productive endeavor: “This book's central argument is that censorship d…
Intersubjectivity, Empathy, Life-World, and the Social Brain
Our species of hominin, Homo sapiens, is an extremely social animal. We are born with social brains. The phenomenology of Edmund Husserl is a methodological approach to social consciousness that offers significant advantages in terms of uncovering and describing the essential structures of our social perceptions and actions. This is especially true in this period of post-neuro-turn social science, because the structures described by Husserlian 'p…
Ritual
Ritual
Designed for both academic and lay audiences, this book identifies the characteristics of ritual and, via multiple examples, details how ritual works on the human body and brain to produce its often profound effects. These include enhancing courage, effecting healing, and generating group cohesion by enacting cultural—or individual—beliefs and values. It also shows what happens when ritual fails
Appendix 2 List of Documentary Films about Ritual
Mystical Love
The authors, both anthropologists who study alternative states of consciousness (ASC), explore the psychodynamics of mystical experience (ME). An affect that is a key factor for and integral to the phenomenology of ME is what they term "mystical love." In many respects, ME refers to ASC that is diametrically opposite to everyday ego-centered, materialist consciousness. In this article we examine several questions, including: (1) Why do humans exp…
Meditation across cultures
While discussions of meditation by psychologists tend to focus upon various forms of East Asian yogic practice, other systems of meditation occur across cultures. Meditation is defined in neuropsychological terms that allow the phenomenon to be examined in ethnographic situations. Anthropologists have found that meditation on culturally salient symbols is widespread among the world’s spiritual rituals and is very likely one of the earliest religi…
Mana
This article hypothesizes that the root meaning of the concept mana (including cognate terms in other Pacific languages) derives from the direct experience of psychic energy which may then be interpreted in individual traditions as associated with personal power, healing, shamanic skill, transmission of status, political authority, orientation to land, efficacy, and so forth. I posit (1) that the root transpersonal experience of psychic energy is…
Conceptual Systems Theory
As anthropology becomes more interested in consciousness and its numerous states, and with a slowly increasing appeal to neuroscience for insights and explanations of consciousness, there is an understandable interest in the components of consciousness and how they combine into alternative states in different sociocultural settings. One of those components should be the complexity of information processing producing the knowing aspect of consciou…
Neuroarchaeology
Neuroarchaeology (including neuropaleoanthropology) is the application of the various neurosciences to solving archaeological problems, and the inclusion of archaeological data in relevant neuroscience theorizing. Several special issues on the topic are reviewed, as well as independent studies relating neuropsychology to such issues as tool manufacture and retention, social cognition, art, and ritual
Consciousness and the Commons
This article presents a theory of how states of consciousness may produce cultural landscapes that are conducive to a commons—that is, a common property that is both inclusive and exclusive as to use, and maintained by the society. Whether a landscape is considered “'sacred” or not depends upon how experiences had in alternative states of consciousness are interpreted within the context of a people's cycle of meaning. Alternative states of consci…
The Ethno-Epistemology of Transpersonal Experience
It should be possible to formulate more
The Self
My brain and I are inseparable. I am who I am because my brain is what it is. Even so, I often think about my brain in terms different from those I use when thinking about myself. I think about my brain as that and about myself as me. I think about my brain as having neurons, but I think of me as having a memory.Still, I know that my memory is all about the neurons in my brain.Lately, I think about my brain in more intimate terms-as me
Dreaming and Reality
In what sense is dreaming real to people of different cultures?How do they come to conclude that dreaming is real, and how do they use dreams to expand their knowledge and control of real events?The reader is introduced to dream anthropology and shown that there are universal patterns to how dreams are experienced, expressed, and used by societies.The distinction between monophasic and polyphasic cultures is described, the latter being the majori…
Dreams that Matter
The Book of the Mirror
(2012). The Book of the Mirror: An Interdisciplinary Collection Exploring the Cultural Story of the Mirror. Time and Mind: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 109-111
Religion in Human Evolution
Archetypes
It is very curious that C.G. Jung has had so little influence upon the anthropology of consciousness. In this paper, the reasons for this oversight are given. The archetypal psychology of Jung is summarized and shown to be more complex and useful than extreme constructivist accounts would acknowledge. Jung's thinking about consciousness fits very well with a modern neuroscience view of the psyche and acts as a corrective to relativist notions of …
Dreams and Experience in Classical Antiquity
Communing with the Gods
The most common alternative state of consciousness among human beings is dreaming. All normal humans sleep, and during sleep they dream. Still, dreaming is a phenomenon of mystery and confusion for many Westerners, and of fascination to scientists wishing to understand how the mind works, both in terms of neuropsychology and within the context of culture. The neuropsychology of dreaming is summarized and the importance of cross-cultural research …
Neurognosis, the Development of Neural Models, and the Study of the Ancient Mind
Cognitive archaeology has made great strides over the past two decades in understanding the mind, experience, practices, and cultures of ancient peoples. Much of this development is due to theoretical orientations focused first upon sociocultural adaptation to ecological niches, and then upon the more symbolic aspects of material culture. Speculations about the universal attributes of the ancient mind may be grounded upon neuroscience and upon th…
Husserlian Meditations and Anthropological Reflections
Most of us would agree that the world of our experience is different than the extramental reality of which we are a part. Indeed, the evidence pertaining to cultural cosmologies around the globe suggests that virtually all peoples recognize this distinction-hence the focus upon the "hidden" forces behind everyday events. That said, the struggle to comprehend the relationship between our consciousness and reality, even the reality of ourselves, ha…
Continuity, Causation And Cyclicity
The neurophenomenology of time-consciousness is presented. This lays a foundation for exploring the ways that society and culture influence the experience and interpretation of time without losing sight of the embodied, neurophysiological and universal aspects of time-consciousness. The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) are summarized as they relate to temporal perception and cognition. Phenomenological approaches to time- consciousness (u…
Deprivation and Reciprocity
The immediate purpose of this study is to explore the effects of ecological and economic deprivation upon patterns of reciprocity among an east African people. I will begin with a brief discussion of the nature of economic stress faced by the So tribe of northeastern Uganda and parts of east Africa generally, and will offer a model accounting for shifts in patterns of production and exchange occurring in response to resource fluctuation. A number…
Husserlian Meditations and Anthropological Reflections
Most of us would agree that the world of our experience is different than the extramental reality of which we are a part. Indeed, the evidence pertaining to cultural cosmologies around the globe suggests that virtually all peoples recognize this distinction-hence the focus upon the "hidden" forces behind everyday events. That said, the struggle to comprehend the relationship between our consciousness and reality, even the reality of ourselves, ha…
Pre- and perinatal brain development and enculturation
Cultural Neurophenomenology
Anthropologists and psychologists have long debated the relative importance of nature and nurture in human affairs. By and large anthropologists have opted for what might be called the 'naïve culturological position' that when our species developed culture, it left its biological roots behind. Psychologists, on the other hand, until relatively recently, have largely ignored the impact of culture upon the processes and functioning of the human min…
Consciousness in Biogenetic Structural Theory
Biogenetic structural theory takes an entrainment view of the nature of consciousness. Human consciousness is a function of the brain and is mediated by networks of living neural cells that develop from initial, neurognostic models of self and world. Models interact or "entrain" as a constantly changing field of experience. The entire population of neural models that may potentially entrain within the field of consciousness is called the "cognize…
The Relevance of William James' Radical Empiricism to the Anthropology of Consciousness
William James is usually associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and with his interest in religious experiences. But James also developed a methodology which has received far less attention. James called this methodology "radical empiricism," an approach that requires that (1) all of the ideas and theories in science be grounded in direct experience, and (2) no experience be excluded from scientific purview. This paper describes James' thoug…
Body, Brain, and Behavior
The author presents a biogenetic structural theory of the body image in human beings. The theory accounts for both the universal principles and the variance in body image cross-culturally. All humans develop a neurocognitive model of their body which combines information about the body obtained via both the internal and external sensory systems. Their experience of themselves is mediated in part by this model. The initial model of the body is "ha…
Fuzziness and Phenomenology in Ethnological Research
The insights behind fuzzy set theory are summarized and related to research on categorization. The concept of fuzziness is evaluated relative to the demands of an essentially cross-cultural, phenomenological enterprise. An "experiential proximity hypothesis" is developed by combining the notion of fuzziness with the Whiteheadian notion of "extensive abstraction." The potential power of these concepts for understanding both the symbol-experience r…
Communing with the Gods
The most common alternative state of consciousness among human beings is dreaming. All normal humans sleep, and during sleep they dream. Still, dreaming is a phenomenon of mystery and confusion for many Westerners, and of fascination to scientists wishing to understand how the mind works, both in terms of neuropsychology and within the context of culture. The neuropsychology of dreaming is summarized and the importance of cross-cultural research …
Bridging Levels of Systemic Organization [and Comments and Reply]
The recent discussion relating the split-brain phenomenon in man to cognitive-behavioral correlates of interest to anthropologists (CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 17 [1-3]) raises a wider issue of profound importance to the growing field of neuro-anthropology. This is the question of how to bridge levels of systemic organization. This paper provides a solution to the problem via a consideration of the constraints placed on this process by one neuroanthropo…
Kenisan
Opening Paragraph Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, an early East African explorer, was the first European to contact a small mountain group calling themselves the So (singular: Sorat) in 1902 on the upper slopes of Mount Kadam and Mount Moroto during his exploratory trip through what is now Karamoja District, Uganda (1904, pp. 305 ff.). From that time until we carried out field-work among them in 1969-70 very little has been written about the So. To…
The Evolution of Cyborg Consciousness
Inspired by Donna Haraway's essay, "A Manifesto for Cyborgs," numerous "cyborg" studies in anthropology, sociology, history and literary criticism have looked at the relationship between humans and technology. A problem with many of these studies is that they use the term "cyborg" metaphorically and fuzzily without an appreciation of the history of cybernetics. This paper will critique both the profound insights and non-trivial distortions engend…
Maximization, marriage and residence among the So1
In this article, the economic ramifications of brideprice exchange and postnuptial residence are examined for the So of northeastern Uganda. Aspects of ecology and social organization are presented and a complete description of So marriage practices is offered. A number of specific deductive hypotheses relating economic deprivation to economizing behavior are statistically tested. Allocation of resources to brideprice is seen as only one alternat…
Archetypes
It is very curious that C.G. Jung has had so little influence upon the anthropology of consciousness. In this paper, the reasons for this oversight are given. The archetypal psychology of Jung is summarized and shown to be more complex and useful than extreme constructivist accounts would acknowledge. Jung's thinking about consciousness fits very well with a modern neuroscience view of the psyche and acts as a corrective to relativist notions of …
Time, Intentionality, and a Neurophenomenology of the Dot
The purposes of this paper are twofold: first, I wish to correct a systematic bias in Husserlian transcendental phenomenology. This bias is in favor of intuition of essences of meaning and against the intuition of essences of sensation. This bias is explained as a product of Husserl's mind-body dualism. Second, I suggest the possibility of a neurophenomenology from a biogenetic structural point of view. This neurophenomenology merges the knowledg…
The future of human consciousness
Religion in Human Evolution
Apodicticity
This article introduces and evaluates the problem of apodicticity raised by Edmund Husserl, that is, the problem of how to access and interpret scientifically the quality of absolute necessity and certainty of insight that frequently accompanies transpersonal experiences and intuitions in contemplation. An important distinction is drawn between pure and relative apodicticity, and the common co-occurrence of apodicticity and categorical fuzziness …
Age Generations and Political Process in So
IntroductionAs with many other East African peoples, political authority and the control of wealth in So are linked inextricably with age as a determining factor. A close analysis of their age-grading structure is requisite to a complete understanding of the So way of life. Furthermore, because this structure is based upon a recently borrowed model of proper social stratification an examination of the system is instructive to scholars interested …
The Self
My brain and I are inseparable. I am who I am because my brain is what it is. Even so, I often think about my brain in terms different from those I use when thinking about myself. I think about my brain as that and about myself as me. I think about my brain as having neurons, but I think of me as having a memory.Still, I know that my memory is all about the neurons in my brain.Lately, I think about my brain in more intimate terms-as me
Dreaming and Reality
In what sense is dreaming real to people of different cultures?How do they come to conclude that dreaming is real, and how do they use dreams to expand their knowledge and control of real events?The reader is introduced to dream anthropology and shown that there are universal patterns to how dreams are experienced, expressed, and used by societies.The distinction between monophasic and polyphasic cultures is described, the latter being the majori…
Les artefacts de la connaissance. Une perspective biogénétique structurale du symbole et de la technologie
Les artefacts de la connaissance Une perspective biogénétique structurale du symbole et de la technologie Cet article propose une explication biogénétique structurale de la technique et de la technologie. Cette perspective repose sur la reconnaissance du fait qu'une des fonctions majeures du cerveau est la construction d'un système de modèles du monde. Ce système est appelé l'" environnement cognitif " (cognized environment) de l'organisme. En pa…
On the Spirit of the Gift
Husserlian Neurophenomenology
Anthropology has long resisted becoming a nomothetic science, thus repeatedly missing opportunities to build upon empirical theoretical constructs, choosing instead to back away into a kind of natural history of sociocultural differences. What is required are methods that focus the ethnographic gaze upon the essential structures of perception as well as sociocultural differences. The anthropology of experience and the senses is a recent movement …
Mystical Love
The authors, both anthropologists who study alternative states of consciousness (ASC), explore the psychodynamics of mystical experience (ME). An affect that is a key factor for and integral to the phenomenology of ME is what they term "mystical love." In many respects, ME refers to ASC that is diametrically opposite to everyday ego-centered, materialist consciousness. In this article we examine several questions, including: (1) Why do humans exp…
Kenisan
Opening Paragraph Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, an early East African explorer, was the first European to contact a small mountain group calling themselves the So (singular: Sorat) in 1902 on the upper slopes of Mount Kadam and Mount Moroto during his exploratory trip through what is now Karamoja District, Uganda (1904, pp. 305 ff.). From that time until we carried out field-work among them in 1969-70 very little has been written about the So. To…
Maximization, Marriage, and Residence among the So
Cet article examine les ramifications économiques de la date et de la résidence post‐nuptiale chez les So du Nord‐est de lOuganda. On y étudie les aspects écologiques et dorganisation sociale en plus de décrire complètement les coutumes reliées au mariage. Un certain nombre dhypothèses déductives spécifiques sont mises à lessai par les techniques statistiques ou on met en relation les privations économiques et les comportements déconomies. Lalloc…
Maximization, marriage and residence among the So1
In this article, the economic ramifications of brideprice exchange and postnuptial residence are examined for the So of northeastern Uganda. Aspects of ecology and social organization are presented and a complete description of So marriage practices is offered. A number of specific deductive hypotheses relating economic deprivation to economizing behavior are statistically tested. Allocation of resources to brideprice is seen as only one alternat…
Deprivation and Reciprocity
The immediate purpose of this study is to explore the effects of ecological and economic deprivation upon patterns of reciprocity among an east African people. I will begin with a brief discussion of the nature of economic stress faced by the So tribe of northeastern Uganda and parts of east Africa generally, and will offer a model accounting for shifts in patterns of production and exchange occurring in response to resource fluctuation. A number…
Age Generations and Political Process in So
IntroductionAs with many other East African peoples, political authority and the control of wealth in So are linked inextricably with age as a determining factor. A close analysis of their age-grading structure is requisite to a complete understanding of the So way of life. Furthermore, because this structure is based upon a recently borrowed model of proper social stratification an examination of the system is instructive to scholars interested …
The Limits of Human Nature
Biogenetic Structuralism
Bridging Levels of Systemic Organization [and Comments and Reply]
The recent discussion relating the split-brain phenomenon in man to cognitive-behavioral correlates of interest to anthropologists (CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 17 [1-3]) raises a wider issue of profound importance to the growing field of neuro-anthropology. This is the question of how to bridge levels of systemic organization. This paper provides a solution to the problem via a consideration of the constraints placed on this process by one neuroanthropo…
The Spectrum of Ritual
Extinction and Survival in Human Populations
On the Spirit of the Gift
The future of human consciousness
The Roots of Enculturation
Pre- and perinatal brain development and enculturation
Time, Intentionality, and a Neurophenomenology of the Dot
The purposes of this paper are twofold: first, I wish to correct a systematic bias in Husserlian transcendental phenomenology. This bias is in favor of intuition of essences of meaning and against the intuition of essences of sensation. This bias is explained as a product of Husserl's mind-body dualism. Second, I suggest the possibility of a neurophenomenology from a biogenetic structural point of view. This neurophenomenology merges the knowledg…
The Trouble with Consciousness
Consciousness in Biogenetic Structural Theory
Biogenetic structural theory takes an entrainment view of the nature of consciousness. Human consciousness is a function of the brain and is mediated by networks of living neural cells that develop from initial, neurognostic models of self and world. Models interact or "entrain" as a constantly changing field of experience. The entire population of neural models that may potentially entrain within the field of consciousness is called the "cognize…
Fuzziness and Phenomenology in Ethnological Research
The insights behind fuzzy set theory are summarized and related to research on categorization. The concept of fuzziness is evaluated relative to the demands of an essentially cross-cultural, phenomenological enterprise. An "experiential proximity hypothesis" is developed by combining the notion of fuzziness with the Whiteheadian notion of "extensive abstraction." The potential power of these concepts for understanding both the symbol-experience r…
Brain, Symbol and Experience
Apodicticity
This article introduces and evaluates the problem of apodicticity raised by Edmund Husserl, that is, the problem of how to access and interpret scientifically the quality of absolute necessity and certainty of insight that frequently accompanies transpersonal experiences and intuitions in contemplation. An important distinction is drawn between pure and relative apodicticity, and the common co-occurrence of apodicticity and categorical fuzziness …
The Relevance of William James' Radical Empiricism to the Anthropology of Consciousness
William James is usually associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and with his interest in religious experiences. But James also developed a methodology which has received far less attention. James called this methodology "radical empiricism," an approach that requires that (1) all of the ideas and theories in science be grounded in direct experience, and (2) no experience be excluded from scientific purview. This paper describes James' thoug…
Body, Brain, and Behavior
The author presents a biogenetic structural theory of the body image in human beings. The theory accounts for both the universal principles and the variance in body image cross-culturally. All humans develop a neurocognitive model of their body which combines information about the body obtained via both the internal and external sensory systems. Their experience of themselves is mediated in part by this model. The initial model of the body is "ha…
The Evolution of Cyborg Consciousness
Inspired by Donna Haraway's essay, "A Manifesto for Cyborgs," numerous "cyborg" studies in anthropology, sociology, history and literary criticism have looked at the relationship between humans and technology. A problem with many of these studies is that they use the term "cyborg" metaphorically and fuzzily without an appreciation of the history of cybernetics. This paper will critique both the profound insights and non-trivial distortions engend…
Mandalas, Nixies, Goddesses, and Succubi A Transpersonal Anthropologist Looks at the Anima
ICRL
Mandalas, Nixies, Goddesses, and Succubi A Transpersonal Anthropologist Looks at the Anima
ICRL
Philosophy (27 obras) · Psychology (27 obras) · Sociology (26 obras) · Epistemology (22 obras) · History (19 obras) · Consciousness (18 obras) · Philosophy (18 obras) · Cognitive science (11 obras) · Aesthetics (10 obras) · Art (10 obras)