Sampo V Paunonen
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 91073 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Sampo V Paunonen |
| PRENOMES | Sampo V |
| SOBRENOME | Paunonen |
| ASSINATURA | PAUNONEN S V |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Western University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 52 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 431 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 52 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Taking a person-centered approach to personality
Sex Differences in Judgments of Social Desirability
This study evaluates sex differences in the perceived desirability of personality behaviors and beliefs. Men and women ( N = 149, M age = 18.7) judged the social desirability scale values (SDSVs) of 150 personality statements as applied either to a male target or a female target. For comparison, some estimated SDSVs with no target sex specified. A separate sample of 537 respondents endorsed the 150 items via self‐report. Raters showed a high cons…
Five Factor Model of Personality, Facets of
The accuracy of roommate ratings of behaviors versus beliefs
The many faces of assumed similarity in perceptions of personality
On the prediction of academic performance with personality traits
Socially desirable responding and its elusive effects on the validity of personality assessments
Past studies of socially desirable self-reports on the items of personality measures have found inconsistent effects of the response bias on the measures' predictive validities, with some studies reporting small effects and other studies reporting large effects. Using Monte Carlo methods, we evaluated various models of socially desirable responding by systematically adding predetermined amounts of the bias to the simulated personality trait score…
Personality Vulnerabilities to Psychopathology: Relations Between Trait Structure and Affective-Cognitive Processes
The present research examined (a) the relations among various affective-cognitive vulnerabilities to psychopathology, (b) the relations between vulnerabilities and dispositional traits, and (c) the mediating role of vulnerabilities between dispositional traits and psychopathological symptoms. Self-report questionnaires were administered to two independent samples in Study 1 (total N=274), whereas a longitudinal experience-sampling method was empl…
Personality Vulnerabilities to Psychopathology
The present research examined (a) the relations among various affective-cognitive vulnerabilities to psychopathology, (b) the relations between vulnerabilities and dispositional traits, and (c) the mediating role of vulnerabilities between dispositional traits and psychopathological symptoms. Self-report questionnaires were administered to two independent samples in Study 1 (total N=274), whereas a longitudinal experience-sampling method was empl…
Self‐Efficacy and the Prediction of Domain‐Specific Cognitive Abilities
We evaluated predictors of performance in 4 specific cognitive ability domains: verbal, numerical, spatial, and mechanical. The predictors were individual differences in self‐efficacy beliefs, self‐enhancement tendencies, and cross‐domain abilities. Our university students' beliefs about their verbal, numerical, and spatial capabilities correlated well with their actual performance on standardized tests (verbal r =.33, numerical r =.27, spatial r…
Psychosocial functioning in young men predicts their personality stability over 15 years
Big Five personality predictors of post-secondary academic performance
Substance and Style in Socially Desirable Responding
The purpose of the present series of studies was to evaluate whether Paulhus's (1991) Self‐Deceptive Enhancement (SDE) and Communion Management (CM) socially desirable responding (SDR) scales should be interpreted as response set measures, response style measures, or measures of substantive individual differences in personality. In Study 1 ( N =57) and Study 2 ( N =62), army officer trainees were tested as applicants to their program and retested…
You are honest, therefore I like you and find you attractive
Person Perception Based on Rape-Victim Testimony
Is it possible for a person's face to appear differently to observers depending on the perceived personality of that person? Subjects read about a sexual assault in which a male or female witness either smiled and watched the rape, or called for help and scared off the attacker. Those who read about the harmful witness rated him or her as consistently more hostile, socially deviant, dominant, sadistic, and more likely to take risks than the helpf…
Big Five factors of personality and replicated predictions of behavior
Measures of the Big Five factors of personality were used to predict a variety of criterion variables thought to represent behaviors of some social and cultural significance (e.g., alcohol consumption, grade point average). Analyses focused on replicated predictions across 2 independent samples of participants (Ns = 276 and 142) with 3 different measures of the Big Five (the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and th…
A Monte Carlo Comparison of Item and Person Statistics Based on Item Response Theory versus Classical Test Theory
Despite the well-known theoretical advantages of item response theory (IRT) over classical test theory (CTT), research examining their empirical properties has failed to reveal consistent, demonstrable differences. Using Monte Carlo techniques with simulated test data, this study examined the behavior of item and person statistics obtained from these two measurement frameworks. The findings suggest IRT- and CTT-based item difficulty and person ab…
Overt Honesty Measures Predicting Admissions
Honesty questionnaires are often validated against a paper-and-pencil criterion in which respondents are asked to admit to past incidents of dishonesty. However, substantial overlap in the methods of assessment and in item content between predictor and criterion suggest that it is not validity that is being assessed, but rather a form of reliability. In this study, the relations between two overt measures of honesty (the Phase II Profile and the …
What is the central feature of extraversion? Social attention versus reward sensitivity
R. E. Lucas, E. Diener, A. Grob, E. M. Suh, and L. Shao (2000) recently argued that the core of the personality dimension of Extraversion is not sociability but a construct called reward sensitivity. This article accepts their argument that the mere preference for social interaction is not the central element of Extraversion. However, it claims that the real core of the Extraversion factor is the tendency to behave in ways that attract social att…
Big Five Predictors of Academic Achievement
Big Five factors and facets and the prediction of behavior
The authors compared the Big 5 factors of personality with the facets or traits of personality that constitute those factors on their ability to predict 40 behavior criteria. Both the broad factors and the narrow facets predicted substantial numbers of criteria, but the latter did noticeably better in that regard, even when the number of facet predictors was limited to the number of factor predictors. Moreover, the criterion variance accounted fo…
What Is Beyond the Big Five? Plenty
In a recent analysis of personality data, Saucier and Goldberg (1998) sought to answer the question, What is beyond the Big Five? Those authors evaluated numerous clusters of English person‐descriptive adjectives that have been suspected of referring to non–Big Five dimensions of personality. Their results led them to conclude that most, if not all, traits of personality can be adequately subsumed within the Big Five factor space. In contrast, ou…
The Nonverbal Assessment of Personality in Five Cultures
The Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire, a structured nonverbal measure of Murray's needs, and the Personality Research Form, a standard verbal measure of the same traits, were administered to respondents in five countries: Canada, England, the Netherlands, Norway, and Israel. Analysis of the nonverbal scales showed generally good levels of internal consistency, reliability, and convergent validity when compared against their verbal counterparts.…
Facial Features as Personality Cues
Two studies examined the effects of the appearance of specific facial features on attributions of personality. In Study 1, photographs of men and women were computer‐manipulated to have larger than average or smaller than average eye size, and wider than average or narrower than average eye spacing. In Study 2, eye size and mouth fullness were similarly altered. Although it was found that neither eye spacing nor mouth fullness had any effect on p…
What is the central feature of extraversion
Big Five factors and facets and the prediction of behavior
The authors compared the Big 5 factors of personality with the facets or traits of personality that constitute those factors on their ability to predict 40 behavior criteria. Both the broad factors and the narrow facets predicted substantial numbers of criteria, but the latter did noticeably better in that regard, even when the number of facet predictors was limited to the number of factor predictors. Moreover, the criterion variance accounted fo…
Evaluating replicability of factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory
Despite the empirical robustness of the 5-factor model of personality, recent confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) data suggest they do not fit the hypothesized model. In a replication study of 229 adults, a series ofCFAs showed that Revised NEO-PI scales are not simple-structured but do approximate the normative 5-factor structure. CFA goodness-of-fit indices, however, were not high. Comparability analyses sh…
Hierarchical organization of personality and prediction of behavior
Two studies evaluated personality rait measures and Big Five factor measures for their accuracy in predicting important behavior criteria. The results of both studies howed that he narrower t aits and the broader factors, thought to define 2 levels of a hierarchy of personality variables, eparately predicted most criterion variables. However, the incremental validity of the personality xait measures (the degree to which the traits increased the c…
Consensus in personality judgments
Conducted a peer rating study (N = 111) to determine the effects of (a) level of acquaintanceship between rater and target and (b) degree of public observability of rated personality traits on peers' perceptions of target personality characteristics. As hypothesized, I found the agreement between peer ratings and target self-ratings to vary linearly and directly with acquaintanceship. In addition, acquaintanceship interacted with observability su…
What is the central feature of extraversion? Social attention versus reward sensitivity
R. E. Lucas, E. Diener, A. Grob, E. M. Suh, and L. Shao (2000) recently argued that the core of the personality dimension of Extraversion is not sociability but a construct called reward sensitivity. This article accepts their argument that the mere preference for social interaction is not the central element of Extraversion. However, it claims that the real core of the Extraversion factor is the tendency to behave in ways that attract social att…
Big Five Predictors of Academic Achievement
Big Five factors of personality and replicated predictions of behavior
Measures of the Big Five factors of personality were used to predict a variety of criterion variables thought to represent behaviors of some social and cultural significance (e.g., alcohol consumption, grade point average). Analyses focused on replicated predictions across 2 independent samples of participants (Ns = 276 and 142) with 3 different measures of the Big Five (the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and th…
The Structured Assessment of Personality across Cultures
The purpose of this article is to review several popular, structured, personality questionnaires in terms of their applicability in cross-cultural assessment contexts. Prior to our review, we describe the types of psychometric data that can be used to support claims of a measure's cross-cultural applicability. More important, we list several factors, not all of which have to do with the measure itself, that can undermine such cross-cultural evide…
Personality structure across cultures
Personality structure was assessed in 4 countries (Canada, Finland, Poland, and Germany) using both an established verbal personality inventory and a new nonverbal personality questionnaire. A 5-factor structure was found to be highly robust in that it was replicated across the 4 cultures and across the 2 personality assessment methods. The data are discussed in terms of (a) the failure to support a semantic similarity interpretation of personali…
The Criterion Validity of Broad Factor Scales versus Specific Facet Scales
The Jackson Personality Inventory and the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Socially desirable responding and its elusive effects on the validity of personality assessments
Past studies of socially desirable self-reports on the items of personality measures have found inconsistent effects of the response bias on the measures' predictive validities, with some studies reporting small effects and other studies reporting large effects. Using Monte Carlo methods, we evaluated various models of socially desirable responding by systematically adding predetermined amounts of the bias to the simulated personality trait score…
Joint Factor Analysis of the Personality Research Form and the Jackson Personality Inventory
The Structure of Personality In Six Cultures
A new structured nonverbal measure of Murray's needs (the Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire) and an established verbal measure (the Personality Research Form) were administered to respondents in six cultures: Canada, Finland, Poland, Germany, Russia, and Hong Kong. An analysis of the psychometric properties of the nonverbal personality inventory showed generally good levels of internal consistency reliability and convergent validity across the …
You are honest, therefore I like you and find you attractive
Construct validity and the predictability of behavior
The accuracy of roommate ratings of behaviors versus beliefs
Taking a person-centered approach to personality
The many faces of assumed similarity in perceptions of personality
On the prediction of academic performance with personality traits
The Nonverbal Assessment of Personality in Five Cultures
The Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire, a structured nonverbal measure of Murray's needs, and the Personality Research Form, a standard verbal measure of the same traits, were administered to respondents in five countries: Canada, England, the Netherlands, Norway, and Israel. Analysis of the nonverbal scales showed generally good levels of internal consistency, reliability, and convergent validity when compared against their verbal counterparts.…
Nonverbal trait inference
What is the central feature of extraversion
Psychosocial functioning in young men predicts their personality stability over 15 years
Person Perception Based on Rape-Victim Testimony
Is it possible for a person's face to appear differently to observers depending on the perceived personality of that person? Subjects read about a sexual assault in which a male or female witness either smiled and watched the rape, or called for help and scared off the attacker. Those who read about the harmful witness rated him or her as consistently more hostile, socially deviant, dominant, sadistic, and more likely to take risks than the helpf…
Nonverbal trait inference
Optimizing the validity of personality assessments
The reliability of aggregated measurements
On ad hoc personality scales
The validity of formal and informal personality assessments
Construct validity and the predictability of behavior
Idiothetic inquiry and the toil of Sisyphus
In response to the article by Lamiell and Trierweiler (this issue), we examine the stated epistemological origins of idiothetic proposals for theory and research in personality We argue that the justification for those proposals as advanced by Lamiell and his colleagues is wholely insufficient in view of prior research on the consistency of behavior This assertion together with our identification of problems in scaling personality and personality…
Test Construction and Targeted Factor Solutions Derived by Multiple Group and Procrustes Methods
An hypothesized multidimensional structure for items comprising a psychological measure generally requires empirical verification. Least-squares confirmatory factor strategies have involved (a) multiple group factor analysis and (b) targeted (Procrustean) rotations of arbitrary factor solutions. Alternatively, inferences of structure have been based simply on (c) product-moment correlations of item responses with total scale scores. All three met…
Trait Relevance and the Differential Predictability of Behavior
A prominent theory in contemporary personality involves the hypothesis that the accuracy of predicting a person's trait behavior is in part a function of the relevance of that trait to that person Empirical tests of this hypothesis have operationalized trait relevance with measures of behavior consistency, trait importance, behavior observability, and behavior frequency These variables were evaluated in this study for their relations with convent…
Organizational commitment and job performance
Consensus in personality judgments
Consensus in personality judgments
Conducted a peer rating study (N = 111) to determine the effects of (a) level of acquaintanceship between rater and target and (b) degree of public observability of rated personality traits on peers' perceptions of target personality characteristics. As hypothesized, I found the agreement between peer ratings and target self-ratings to vary linearly and directly with acquaintanceship. In addition, acquaintanceship interacted with observability su…
The Structured Nonverbal Assessment of Personality
This article describes the development of a structured nonverbal measure of personality based on Murray's (1938) system of needs. The items of the Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire consist of line drawings of a central figure performing trait‐relevant behaviors in specific situations; respondents are asked to indicate the likelihood of engaging in similar behaviors. The nonverbal form was administered to three Canadian samples of respondents an…
Biases resulting from the use of aggregated variables in psychology
Biases resulting from the use of aggregated variables in psychology
Perloff and Persons (1988) have recently states that the use of equal-weight indexes (aggregated variables) in regression-correlation analysis will result in biased tests of statistical significance unless the variables aggregated are extremely highly correlated. Referring to psychometric theory, this article shows that the size of the intercorrelations among variables has little bearing on the propriety of using unit weights to aggregate them in…
On the accuracy of ratings of personality by strangers
Past studies in person perception have shown unexpectedly high correlations between targets' self-ratings of personality traits and ratings of those targets made by stranger judges. Possible reasons for the apparent accuracy of strangers' ratings are examined, including personality judgments that are based on (a) the perceived social desirability of targets, (b) known sex-linked base rates of behavior, and (c) the inevitable presence of valid per…
Personality structure across cultures
Personality structure was assessed in 4 countries (Canada, Finland, Poland, and Germany) using both an established verbal personality inventory and a new nonverbal personality questionnaire. A 5-factor structure was found to be highly robust in that it was replicated across the 4 cultures and across the 2 personality assessment methods. The data are discussed in terms of (a) the failure to support a semantic similarity interpretation of personali…
The Criterion Validity of Broad Factor Scales versus Specific Facet Scales
The Jackson Personality Inventory and the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Evaluating replicability of factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory
Despite the empirical robustness of the 5-factor model of personality, recent confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) data suggest they do not fit the hypothesized model. In a replication study of 229 adults, a series ofCFAs showed that Revised NEO-PI scales are not simple-structured but do approximate the normative 5-factor structure. CFA goodness-of-fit indices, however, were not high. Comparability analyses sh…
The Structure of Personality In Six Cultures
A new structured nonverbal measure of Murray's needs (the Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire) and an established verbal measure (the Personality Research Form) were administered to respondents in six cultures: Canada, Finland, Poland, Germany, Russia, and Hong Kong. An analysis of the psychometric properties of the nonverbal personality inventory showed generally good levels of internal consistency reliability and convergent validity across the …
On Chance and Factor Congruence Following Orthogonal Procrustes Rotation
Procrustes methods of factor rotation have been criticized for producing excessively high coefficients of congruence when attempting to fit one factor pattern matrix into the space of a targeted pattern. A Monte Carlo study was designed to evaluate some of the conditions contributing to this problem when using Schonemann's orthogonal Procrustes transformation. It was found that the expected size of the factor congruence coefficient varied with (a…
Kin Altruism, Reciprocal Altruism, and the Big Five Personality Factors
Joint Factor Analysis of the Personality Research Form and the Jackson Personality Inventory
Hierarchical organization of personality and prediction of behavior
Two studies evaluated personality rait measures and Big Five factor measures for their accuracy in predicting important behavior criteria. The results of both studies howed that he narrower t aits and the broader factors, thought to define 2 levels of a hierarchy of personality variables, eparately predicted most criterion variables. However, the incremental validity of the personality xait measures (the degree to which the traits increased the c…
Psychology (51 obras) · Social Psychology (47 obras) · Personality (41 obras) · Personality Traits and Psychology (30 obras) · Big Five personality traits (28 obras) · Developmental psychology (22 obras) · Computer Science (15 obras) · Social Psychology (15 obras) · Statistics (15 obras) · Mathematics (13 obras)