Marcel A G Van Aken
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 93035 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Marcel A G Van Aken |
| PRENOMES | Marcel A G |
| SOBRENOME | Van Aken |
| ASSINATURA | VAN AKEN M A G |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Utrecht University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3656-4003 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 64 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 258 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 64 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1991 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Relationships in the Link Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and Quality of Life in Referred Youth
Youth with maladaptive personality traits often experience diminished quality of life (QoL) as well as difficulties in interpersonal relationships. The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support and conflicts with parents in the link between maladaptive personality traits and QoL. The sample consists of 110 youth referred to outpatient treatment (M age = 21.3 years; range age = 16-29 years) from a mental heal…
A Person × Environment approach to Borderline Personality Disorder features in young people
Introduction: This study aimed at examining the concurrent associations between stressful life events and borderline personality disorder (BPD) features in a clinical sample of young people. The moderating role of parental support and self-esteem was investigated (i.e., stress buffering). In a subsample, short term changes in BPD features were examined at a 6-month follow-up. Method: The total sample consisted of 318 young people (ages 12-26). Re…
Unravelling the Longitudinal Relations Between Developmental Milestones, General Psychopathology, and Personality Functioning in a Youth Clinical Sample
Personality functioning, general psychopathology, and developmental milestones achievement are critical domains in the field of young people’s mental health; however, no prior research has considered these variables jointly or examined the temporal dynamics between them. To fill these gaps, the present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between the above constructs in a clinical sample of Dutch youth. 525 outpatients (72.5% …
The Cambridge Handbook of the Development of Coping
Despite broad interest in how children and youth cope with stress and how others can support their coping, this is the first Handbook to consolidate the many theories and large bodies of research that contribute to the study of the development of coping. The Handbook's goal is field building - it brings together theory and research from across the spectrum of psychological, developmental, and related sciences to inform our understanding of coping…
A cross‐national study on adolescent substance use
This longitudinal two-wave cross-national study investigated whether intentions, friends' substance use, and parent-adolescent substance-use specific communication predict adolescent alcohol and cannabis use 1 year later, while estimating reversed links. The temporal order between these two substances was also examined. We used multi-group cross-lagged panel modeling on data from 2 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples: Sint Maarten (N…
Committed Compliance and Maternal Parenting Behaviors Predict Internalization of Rules and Externalizing Behaviors in Chinese Preschool Children
This study investigated how parenting behaviors and child committed compliance predicted internalization of rules and externalizing behaviors throughout early childhood. Participants were 95 Chinese mother-child dyads. Maternal respect for autonomy and negative control were observed in free-plays at 14 and 25 months. Toddlers’ committed compliance was coded in a cleanup task at 25 months. At 60 months, internalization of maternal rules and experi…
Incorporating prosocial vs. antisocial trait content in Big Five measurement
In three studies, we tried to create a novel scale within the existing Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2) structure to measure prosocial vs. antisocial personality traits, like the Dark Triad and honesty-humility. While our new scale converged strongly with dark personality and honesty-humility scales, we failed to establish sufficient discriminant validity vis-a-vis the existing BFI-2 agreeableness domain. Instead, we found that dark traits and honest…
Is the Peer Presence Effect on Heightened Adolescent Risky Decision-Making only Present in Males
Social neurodevelopmental imbalance models posit that peer presence causes heightened adolescent risk-taking particularly during early adolescence. Evolutionary theory suggests that these effects would be most pronounced in males. However, the small but growing number of experimental studies on peer presence effects in adolescent risky decision-making showed mixed findings, and the vast majority of such studies did not test for the above-describe…
Unique predictive power of other‐rated personality
OBJECTIVE: What is gained by having others report on one's personality? Research on adult samples has suggested that informant reports are especially informative regarding traits that are highly visible and evaluative (i.e., socially desirable/undesirable instead of neutral), such as Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. This 18-year longitudinal study aims to demonstrate the unique predictive power of other-rated personality in adolesc…
Narcissism and popularity among peers
The dual-pathway model posits that narcissism can both benefit and compromise popularity, depending upon whether narcissists’ assertive or adversarial interpersonal tendencies surface in social interaction. A 5-wave longitudinal study followed Dutch adolescents (N = 322, 53% female, Mage = 12.2) who transitioned from primary into secondary school and examined how narcissism, along with self-esteem (measured at the end of primary school), contribu…
Sensory processing sensitivity as a marker of differential susceptibility to parenting
In this longitudinal multiinformant study negative emotionality and sensory processing sensitivity were compared as susceptibility markers among kindergartners. Participating children (N = 264, 52.9% boys) were Dutch kindergartners (Mage = 4.77, SD = 0.60), followed across three waves, spaced seven months apart. Results show that associations between parenting and child behavior did not depend on children's negative emotionality. Sensory processi…
Comparisons of Daily Behavior Across 21 Countries
While a large body of research has investigated cultural differences in behavior, this typical study assesses a single behavioral outcome, in a single context, compared across two countries. The current study compared a broad array of behaviors across 21 countries ( N = 5,522). Participants described their behavior at 7:00 p.m. the previous evening using the 68 items of the Riverside Behavioral Q-sort (RBQ). Correlations between average patterns …
High, low, and in between
Do you see my growth? Two longitudinal studies on personality development from childhood to young adulthood from multiple perspectives
Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Longitudinal Predictor of LGBTQ Name-Calling and Perceived Willingness to Intervene in School
Comprehensive sexuality education and sexuality education that is inclusive to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth is thought to educate and support youth in their social relations. Despite the obligation for Dutch schools to cover sexuality education in their curricula, including the topic of sexual diversity, the content that is covered varies widely across schools. With the current study, we present an ove…
The World at 7
The purpose of this research is to quantitatively compare everyday situational experience around the world. Local collaborators recruited 5,447 members of college communities in 20 countries, who provided data via a Web site in 14 languages. Using the 89 items of the Riverside Situational Q‐sort (RSQ), participants described the situation they experienced the previous evening at 7:00 p.m. Correlations among the average situational profiles of eac…
The unique roles of intrapersonal and social factors in adolescent smoking development
Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the initiation and peak of many harmful risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, which is among the most addictive and deadliest behaviors. Generic metatheories like the theory of triadic influence (TTI) suggest that interrelated risk factors across multiple domains (i.e., intrapersonal and social/environmental) jointly contribute to adolescent smoking behavior. Yet, studies are lacking that investigate risk f…
Differences in sensitivity to parenting depending on child temperament
Several models of individual differences in environmental sensitivity postulate increased sensitivity of some individuals to either stressful (diathesis-stress), supportive (vantage sensitivity), or both environments (differential susceptibility). In this meta-analysis we examine whether children vary in sensitivity to parenting depending on their temperament, and if so, which model can best be used to describe this sensitivity pattern. We tested…
Personality Traits as Potential Susceptibility Markers
In this study, we examined whether parents are differentially susceptible to support from their spouse and adolescent child depending on their personality traits, and whether differences in susceptibility to support among parents, in turn, are linked to the quality of support parents give to their children. Participants in this three-wave longitudinal study were 288 two-parent Dutch families with an adolescent child. Fathers were on average 43.9 …
Adolescent Personality
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between personality facets and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal ( HPA ) axis functioning. Previous studies have mainly focussed on stress‐induced HPA ‐axis activation. We hypothesized that other characteristics of HPA ‐axis functioning would have a stronger association with personality based on the neuroendocrine literature. Data ( n = 343) were used from the TR acking A dolescent…
Adolescents’ and their friends’ sexual behavior and intention
Perceived Realism Moderates the Relation Between Sexualized Media Consumption and Permissive Sexual Attitudes in Dutch Adolescents
A meta-analysis on age differences in risky decision making
Despite evident heightened adolescent risk-taking in real-life situations, not all experimental studies demonstrate that adolescents take more risks than children and adults on risky decision-making tasks. In the current 4 independent meta-analyses, neurodevelopmental imbalance models and fuzzy trace theory were used as conceptual frameworks to examine whether adolescents engage in more risk-taking than children and adults and whether early adole…
A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Analysis
Bayesian statistical methods are becoming ever more popular in applied and fundamental research. In this study a gentle introduction to Bayesian analysis is provided. It is shown under what circumstances it is attractive to use Bayesian estimation, and how to interpret properly the results. First, the ingredients underlying Bayesian methods are introduced using a simplified example. Thereafter, the advantages and pitfalls of the specification of …
Deutsche Versionen der Selbstkonzeptskalen von Harter
Perceived Relational Support in Adolescence
The perceived relational support from four key providers (father, mother, special sibling, and best friend) on five provisions (quality of information, respect for autonomy, emotional support, convergence of goals, and acceptance) was examined for 2,262 adolescents (aged 12 – 18 years). In a variable‐centered approach, factor analyses yielded five dimensions of support: three specific to providers (parent, friend, and sibling support) and two spe…
Developmental Patterns in Adolescent Attachment to Mother, Father and Sibling
A meta-analysis on age differences in risky decision making
Despite evident heightened adolescent risk-taking in real-life situations, not all experimental studies demonstrate that adolescents take more risks than children and adults on risky decision-making tasks. In the current 4 independent meta-analyses, neurodevelopmental imbalance models and fuzzy trace theory were used as conceptual frameworks to examine whether adolescents engage in more risk-taking than children and adults and whether early adole…
Inhibited and aggressive preschool children at 23 years of age
In a 19-year longitudinal study, the 15% most inhibited and the 15% most aggressive children at ages 4-6 years were followed up until age 23 years and were compared with controls who were below average in preschool inhibition or aggressiveness. As adults, inhibited boys and girls were judged as inhibited by their parents and showed a delay in establishing a first stable partnership and finding a first full-time job. However, only the upper 8% in …
Sensory processing sensitivity as a marker of differential susceptibility to parenting
In this longitudinal multiinformant study negative emotionality and sensory processing sensitivity were compared as susceptibility markers among kindergartners. Participating children (N = 264, 52.9% boys) were Dutch kindergartners (Mage = 4.77, SD = 0.60), followed across three waves, spaced seven months apart. Results show that associations between parenting and child behavior did not depend on children's negative emotionality. Sensory processi…
Differences in sensitivity to parenting depending on child temperament
Several models of individual differences in environmental sensitivity postulate increased sensitivity of some individuals to either stressful (diathesis-stress), supportive (vantage sensitivity), or both environments (differential susceptibility). In this meta-analysis we examine whether children vary in sensitivity to parenting depending on their temperament, and if so, which model can best be used to describe this sensitivity pattern. We tested…
Resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontroleed personality prototypes in childhood
In a longitudinal study, Q-sort patterns of German preschool children were analyzed for personality prototypes and related to developmental outcomes up to age 12. Q-factor analyses confirmed 3 prototypic patterns that showed a high continuity and cross-judge consistency; were similar to those found for North American, Dutch, and Icelandic children; and can be interpreted as resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled. Relations reported by R. …
Support by Parents, Classmates, Friends and Siblings in Preadolescence
A sample of 139 Grade 6 students (12-year-olds) completed a social network interview and rated their network members on various dimensions of social support. Low support showed some consistency across members of the nuclear family but was fairly specific for particular network members outside of the family. Children with low support from their mother, father or classmates reported a low general self-worth, but those with low support from siblings…
Self-esteem reactions to social interactions
People have a fundamental need to belong that motivates them to seek out social interactions with close others (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Leary and Baumeister's (2000) sociometer theory (SMT) poses that people who succeed in satisfying this need have higher self-esteem (SE). This prediction was tested across three hierarchical levels: intraindividual, interindividual, and international. Indicators of social interaction quantity, quality, and the…
Parenting During Toddlerhood
The present study examines the contribution of parental, contextual, and child characteristics to parenting behavior during toddlerhood in 111 two-parent families with a 17-month-old son ( M = 16.9 months, SD = 0.57). Parenting was conceptualized in terms of five dimensions: support, structure, positive discipline, psychological control, and physical punishment. In general, results indicate that the effects of parental, contextual, and child char…
Correlated change of Big Five personality traits across the lifespan
Relations Between Big Five Personality Characteristics and Perceived Support in Adolescents' Families
The authors investigated the longitudinal relations between family members' Big Five personality factors and perceived support. Members of 285 two-parent families with 2 adolescent children judged their own and other family members' Big Five factors and the support perceived from the other members on 3 occasions at 12-month intervals. The Big Five factor Agreeableness was particularly related to perceived support. Changes in individuals' Big Five…
Perceived Realism Moderates the Relation Between Sexualized Media Consumption and Permissive Sexual Attitudes in Dutch Adolescents
Evaluating expectations about negative emotional states of aggressive boys using Bayesian model selection
Researchers often have expectations about the research outcomes in regard to inequality constraints between, e.g., group means. Consider the example of researchers who investigated the effects of inducing a negative emotional state in aggressive boys. It was expected that highly aggressive boys would, on average, score higher on aggressive responses toward other peers than moderately aggressive boys, who would in turn score higher than nonaggress…
Attachment in Adolescence
A fundamental question in the study of attachment is the explanation for differences in quality of attachment. In the present study, the Social Relations Model (SRM) was used to examine whether these differences in quality of attachment could be explained by (a) characteristics of the person (actor effect), (b) characteristics of the attachment figure (partner effect), (c) characteristics of the specific attachment relationship (relationship effe…
The Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable
This study examined key components of the “New Look” at the imaginary audience and personal fable constructs. Toward this end, data from four samples of Belgian high school students ( N = 1,458) were analyzed. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses failed to confirm that the measures associated with the New Look theory, the New Imaginary Audience Scale, and the New Personal Fable Scale (NPFS), tapped a common underlying construct. Only the …
On Early Starters and Late Bloomers
Little is known about the relationship between personality and sexual development among mid-adolescents. In the current study, we used a person-centered approach to investigate the relation between personality types and the development of sexual behavior. We hypothesized that undercontrolling adolescents would engage in more advanced, casual, and risky sexual behavior compared to their resilient and overcontrolling peers. Data were used from 407 …
It takes two to tango
According to J. Belsky's (1984) process model of parenting, both adolescents' and parents' personality should exert a significant impact on the quality of their mutual relationship. Using multi-informant, symmetric data on the Big Five personality traits and the relationship quality of mothers, fathers, and two adolescent children, the current study set out to test this prediction. Adolescents' agreeableness and parents' extraversion emerged as p…
Do you see my growth? Two longitudinal studies on personality development from childhood to young adulthood from multiple perspectives
Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Longitudinal Predictor of LGBTQ Name-Calling and Perceived Willingness to Intervene in School
Comprehensive sexuality education and sexuality education that is inclusive to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth is thought to educate and support youth in their social relations. Despite the obligation for Dutch schools to cover sexuality education in their curricula, including the topic of sexual diversity, the content that is covered varies widely across schools. With the current study, we present an ove…
The unique roles of intrapersonal and social factors in adolescent smoking development
Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the initiation and peak of many harmful risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, which is among the most addictive and deadliest behaviors. Generic metatheories like the theory of triadic influence (TTI) suggest that interrelated risk factors across multiple domains (i.e., intrapersonal and social/environmental) jointly contribute to adolescent smoking behavior. Yet, studies are lacking that investigate risk f…
Jealousy in Firstborn Toddlers within the Context of the Primary Family Triad
Childhood jealousy has typically been examined in a limited number of jealousy‐evoking contexts and mainly with the mother only, thus providing a narrow view on the manifestations of jealousy. The aim of the present article is to examine childhood jealousy within parent–child dyads and (mother–father–child) triads and across multiple contexts. The sample included 87 D utch families with a toddler (38 girls, 49 boys, M age : 23 months). Children w…
Experimental study of the differential effects of playing versus watching violent video games on children's aggressive behavior
There is great concern about the effects of playing violent video games on aggressive behavior. The present experimental study was aimed at investigating the differential effects of actively playing vs. passively watching the same violent video game on subsequent aggressive behavior. Fifty‐seven children aged 10–13 either played a violent video game (active violent condition), watched the same violent video game (passive violent condition), or pl…
Family Loyalty and Adolescent Problem Behavior
Erratum . Journal of Law and Society Volume 32 Issue 3 The present study examined the relation between perceived justice and trust within family relationships and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Data were gathered from the father, the mother, and two of their adolescent children in 288 families. The social relations model was used to assess perceived justice and trust at the family level and the individual level. Adol…
Adolescents’ and their friends’ sexual behavior and intention
Correlates of the Temporal Consistency of Personality Patterns in Childhood
The temporal consistency of children's personality patterns as measured by the California Child Q‐set was investigated in a sample of 151 German children between ages 4 and 6 years, and in a sample of 87 Dutch children between ages 10 and 12 years. Children's personality patterns showed a high interindividual variance of consistency. Correlational analyses revealed that children's ego resiliency predicted the longitudinal consistency of their Q‐s…
Adolescents' competence and the mutuality of their self-descriptions and descriptions of them provided by others
Support by Parents, Classmates, Friends and Siblings in Preadolescence
A sample of 139 Grade 6 students (12-year-olds) completed a social network interview and rated their network members on various dimensions of social support. Low support showed some consistency across members of the nuclear family but was fairly specific for particular network members outside of the family. Children with low support from their mother, father or classmates reported a low general self-worth, but those with low support from siblings…
Resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontroleed personality prototypes in childhood
In a longitudinal study, Q-sort patterns of German preschool children were analyzed for personality prototypes and related to developmental outcomes up to age 12. Q-factor analyses confirmed 3 prototypic patterns that showed a high continuity and cross-judge consistency; were similar to those found for North American, Dutch, and Icelandic children; and can be interpreted as resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled. Relations reported by R. …
Carving personality description at its joints
We tested the hypothesis that there are three major prototypic patterns of personality description (resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled) in a series of studies including adults' self‐descriptions on the Big Five and parents' Big Five and Q‐Sort judgments of their children, using both replicated cluster analyses and replicated Q‐factor analyses. The consistency of the prototypes across ages, judges, and methods was quantitatively measur…
Perceived Relational Support in Adolescence
The perceived relational support from four key providers (father, mother, special sibling, and best friend) on five provisions (quality of information, respect for autonomy, emotional support, convergence of goals, and acceptance) was examined for 2,262 adolescents (aged 12 – 18 years). In a variable‐centered approach, factor analyses yielded five dimensions of support: three specific to providers (parent, friend, and sibling support) and two spe…
The Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable
This study examined key components of the “New Look” at the imaginary audience and personal fable constructs. Toward this end, data from four samples of Belgian high school students ( N = 1,458) were analyzed. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses failed to confirm that the measures associated with the New Look theory, the New Imaginary Audience Scale, and the New Personal Fable Scale (NPFS), tapped a common underlying construct. Only the …
Developmental Patterns in Adolescent Attachment to Mother, Father and Sibling
Personality–Relationship Transaction in Adolescence
Personality effects on perceived support from social relationships and vice versa were longitudinally studied over adolescence. Within personality, core (Big Five personality traits) and surface characteristics (global self‐worth, perceived peer acceptance, and loneliness) were distinguished. Core, but not surface, characteristics at age 12 predicted support from both parents and peers at age 17 after controlling for support at age 12. Support at…
Personality Judgments in Adolescents' Families
The present study investigated whether personality judgments involve different processes in a family setting than in a nonfamily setting. We used the Social Relations Model to distinguish the effects of perceiver, target, perceiver‐target relationship, and family on personality judgments. Family members of families with adolescents judged their own and the other members' Big Five factors. Judgments were found to depend on the relevance of persona…
Attachment in Adolescence
A fundamental question in the study of attachment is the explanation for differences in quality of attachment. In the present study, the Social Relations Model (SRM) was used to examine whether these differences in quality of attachment could be explained by (a) characteristics of the person (actor effect), (b) characteristics of the attachment figure (partner effect), (c) characteristics of the specific attachment relationship (relationship effe…
Relations Between Big Five Personality Characteristics and Perceived Support in Adolescents' Families
The authors investigated the longitudinal relations between family members' Big Five personality factors and perceived support. Members of 285 two-parent families with 2 adolescent children judged their own and other family members' Big Five factors and the support perceived from the other members on 3 occasions at 12-month intervals. The Big Five factor Agreeableness was particularly related to perceived support. Changes in individuals' Big Five…
Family Loyalty and Adolescent Problem Behavior
Erratum . Journal of Law and Society Volume 32 Issue 3 The present study examined the relation between perceived justice and trust within family relationships and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Data were gathered from the father, the mother, and two of their adolescent children in 288 families. The social relations model was used to assess perceived justice and trust at the family level and the individual level. Adol…
Parenting and self‐regulation in preschoolers
A meta‐analysis of 41 studies was conducted to examine the strength of the relation between parenting (positive control, negative control and responsiveness) and self‐regulation in preschoolers. Results revealed significant associations between both types of parental control and self‐regulation, with effect sizes being small in magnitude. There was no significant association between self‐regulation and responsiveness. The strength of the associat…
A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of the Development of Self-Reported Parenting During Toddlerhood
Objective: This study examined four types of stability (factorial equivalence over time, mean-level stability, rank-order stability, and individual-level stability) in five facets of parenting (support, structure, positive discipline, psychological control, and physical punishment) during toddlerhood for both mothers and fathers. Design: Mothers and fathers from 108 intact Dutch families with a son reported about their parenting behavior in three…
Parenting During Toddlerhood
The present study examines the contribution of parental, contextual, and child characteristics to parenting behavior during toddlerhood in 111 two-parent families with a 17-month-old son ( M = 16.9 months, SD = 0.57). Parenting was conceptualized in terms of five dimensions: support, structure, positive discipline, psychological control, and physical punishment. In general, results indicate that the effects of parental, contextual, and child char…
Parenting, coparenting, and effortful control in preschoolers.
This study investigated the relations among parenting, coparenting, and effortful control in preschoolers. The sample included 89 families with 2 parents and their firstborn 36-month-old children. Information was obtained by means of observation and parent-report questionnaires. In general, maternal parenting, paternal parenting, and coparenting were related to effortful control. Effortful control was more strongly predicted from parenting and co…
Childhood Personality Predicts Long‐Term Trajectories of Shyness and Aggressiveness in the Context of Demographic Transitions in Emerging Adulthood
In a 19‐year longitudinal study, childhood personality characteristics (assessed by teachers at ages 4 to 6) were significantly related to both initial levels and changes in parental judgments of shyness and aggressiveness. Long‐term stability was demonstrated by the fact that overcontrollers had consistently higher scores in shyness and undercontrollers in aggressiveness. However, undercontrollers' shyness and overcontrollers' aggressiveness cha…
The effects of weather on daily mood
The present study examines the effects of six weather parameters (temperature, wind power, sunlight, precipitation, air pressure, and photoperiod) on mood (positive affect, negative affect, and tiredness). Data were gathered from an online diary study (N = 1,233), linked to weather station data, and analyzed by means of multilevel analysis. Multivariate and univariate analyses enabled distinction between unique and shared effects. The results rev…
The relations among child negative interactive behavior, child temperament, and maternal behavior
Experimental study of the differential effects of playing versus watching violent video games on children's aggressive behavior
There is great concern about the effects of playing violent video games on aggressive behavior. The present experimental study was aimed at investigating the differential effects of actively playing vs. passively watching the same violent video game on subsequent aggressive behavior. Fifty‐seven children aged 10–13 either played a violent video game (active violent condition), watched the same violent video game (passive violent condition), or pl…
Inhibited and aggressive preschool children at 23 years of age
In a 19-year longitudinal study, the 15% most inhibited and the 15% most aggressive children at ages 4-6 years were followed up until age 23 years and were compared with controls who were below average in preschool inhibition or aggressiveness. As adults, inhibited boys and girls were judged as inhibited by their parents and showed a delay in establishing a first stable partnership and finding a first full-time job. However, only the upper 8% in …
Self-esteem reactions to social interactions
People have a fundamental need to belong that motivates them to seek out social interactions with close others (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Leary and Baumeister's (2000) sociometer theory (SMT) poses that people who succeed in satisfying this need have higher self-esteem (SE). This prediction was tested across three hierarchical levels: intraindividual, interindividual, and international. Indicators of social interaction quantity, quality, and the…
It takes two to tango
According to J. Belsky's (1984) process model of parenting, both adolescents' and parents' personality should exert a significant impact on the quality of their mutual relationship. Using multi-informant, symmetric data on the Big Five personality traits and the relationship quality of mothers, fathers, and two adolescent children, the current study set out to test this prediction. Adolescents' agreeableness and parents' extraversion emerged as p…
A Preliminary Investigation of Parent-Progeny Olfactory Recognition and Parental Investment
The role of olfaction in kin recognition and parental investment is documented in many mammalian/vertebrate species. Research on humans, however, has only focused on whether parents are able to recognize their children by smell, not whether humans use these cues for investment decisions. Here we show that fathers exhibit more affection and attachment and fewer ignoring behaviors toward children whose smell they can identify than toward those whos…
Psychology (63 obras) · Developmental psychology (59 obras) · Social Psychology (56 obras) · Personality (32 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (27 obras) · Social Psychology (27 obras) · Big Five personality traits (21 obras) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (19 obras) · Personality Traits and Psychology (18 obras) · Clinical Psychology (14 obras)