C G Nicholas Mascie‐taylor
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 94118 |
|---|---|
| NOME | C G Nicholas Mascie‐taylor |
| PRENOMES | C G Nicholas |
| SOBRENOME | Mascie‐taylor |
| ASSINATURA | TAYLOR C G N M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1009-0890 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 102 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 102 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1973 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Do Biomarkers Vary by Social Class, Education and Region and Is Migration Important? Evidence From a Cohort of British Adults
The aim of this study was to test whether Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV 1 ) and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) vary in relation to social class at birth and adulthood, educational level and region of residence, and also with inter-generational social, educational and regional mobility/migration. The study used 5702 adults (2894 males and 2718 females) from the longitud…
The impact of an income-generating activities programme on children and mothers’ undernutrition in extreme poor rural Bangladeshi households
Objective: The current study assessed changes in children and mothers’ nutritional status before and after raising Bangladeshi households out of extreme poverty through an income-generating activities (IGA) programme. Design: Extreme poor households took part in the IGA programme for 2 years and recruitment took place over four waves in annual cycles. Children and mothers were measured with regarding their nutritional status before and after the …
Regional variation in weight‐for‐height z ‐scores and surface area/body mass ratio of Chilean children from birth to 3 years of age
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were to see how much of the variation in weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) and surface area/body mass ratio (SA/mass) were associated with regional (county) differences including mean temperature. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Longitudinal data were obtained from routine medical check-ups on 8,373 children from nine counties across Chile. WHZ and SA/mass were calculated from weight and height from birth to 3-years ol…
Socioeconomic and Demographic Variation in Nutritional Status of Under-Five Bangladeshi Children and Trend Over the Twelve-Year Period 1996–2007
The nutritional status of under-five-year-old children is a sensitive indicator of a country’s health status as well as economic condition. The objectives of this study were to analyse trends in the nutritional status in Bangladeshi children over the period 1996–2007 and to examine the associations between nutritional and socioeconomic status variables. Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) were the source of data, and a total of 16,278 ch…
In memoriam
American Journal of Human BiologyVolume 29, Issue 5 e23027 IN MEMORIAM In memoriam: Derek F. Roberts (1925–2016) C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor, Corresponding Author C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor [email protected] University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomCorrespondence C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QG, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this author C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylo…
Biological aspects of human migration and mobility
This paper reviews how migration, both geographical and social, impacts on variation in some human biological traits. Migration and mobility are considered in relation to anthropometric traits and indices, psychometric traits, health, disease and nutrition, temperature regulation and metabolism, mental health and gene flow. It is well known that migration is important in disease transmission but, as this paper demonstrates, migration can have bot…
Derek Roberts
The Biological Status of Children Living in Disadvantaged Regions of Hungary
The aim of this study was to find out whether differences exist in the physical development, nutritional status and psychosomatic status of children living in deprived regions of Hungary compared with the Hungarian national reference values. The Hungarian government’s decree No. 24/2003 created a complex indicator of social and economic conditions by which the country’s regions were graded into deprived and non-deprived regions. This study examin…
Is human mating for height associated with fertility? Results from a british national cohort study
OBJECTIVES: Very few studies have investigated whether spousal similarity for height is related to fertility. This study examined the relationship between mating for height and fertility after correction for spousal age, social class, education, and region. METHODS: The data used were collected as part of the British National Child Development Study and 6,535 husband-wife pairs for whom data were available on measured height, spousal age, educati…
Biosocial correlates of age at menarche in a British cohort
The results of this study support the hypotheses that intra-uterine growth and conditions in early life as well as socio-economic background are associated with the timing of menarche and that greater childhood growth and better SES are related to earlier menarche
Educational and social class assortative mating in fertile British couples
The relationship between assortative mating and fertility for education and social class appeared to be acting in the opposite direction
Biosocial Correlates of Inter-Generational Social Mobility in a British Cohort
The relationship between inter-generational social mobility of sons and daughters between 1958 and 1991 and biosocial variables, i.e. birth order, number of children in family, father's social class, region, educational attainment of child and father, educational and cognitive test scores (reading, mathematics, verbal and non-verbal IQ tests), was studied in a large British cohort study. The data used were collected as part of the British Nationa…
Impact of Social Mobility and Geographical Migration on Variation in Male Height, Weight and Body Mass Index in a British Cohort
Using a sample of 2090 British father and son pairs the relationships between social and geographical intra- and inter-generational mobility were examined in relation to height, weight and body mass index (BMI). There was much more social mobility than geographical (regional) migration. Social mobility and geographical migration were not independent: socially non-mobile fathers and sons were more likely to be geographical non-migrants, and upward…
Comparison of a possession score and a poverty index in predicting anaemia and undernutrition in pre-school children and women of reproductive age in rural and urban Côte d'Ivoire
Objective To determine whether a possession score or a poverty index best predicts undernutrition and anaemia in women of reproductive age (15–49 years; WRA) and children aged 6–59 months living in Côte d'Ivoire. Design Anthropometric measurements were converted to Z -scores to assess stunting, wasting and underweight in children, and converted to BMI in WRA. A venous blood sample was drawn, and Hb concentration and Plasmodium spp. infection were…
Gender and locality differences in tobacco prevalence among adult Bangladeshis
Nearly a third of the population in Bangladesh use some form of tobacco. There are marked urban-rural and male-female differences. This difference is mainly accounted for by the higher prevalence of chewing tobacco in rural areas, rural female tobacco usage is close to double than the urban rate. Smoking rates were low in Bangladeshi females, more so in urban than rural areas. The tobacco awareness programme in Bangladesh might require putting em…
Factors in the regulation of fertility in deprived populations
We suggest that our findings highlight the effect of energetics on the regulation of fertility in lactating women
Use of ‘Sense of Coherence (Soc)’ Scale to Measure Resilience in Eritrea
An adapted ‘sense of coherence’ scale short form (SOC-13) was administered in nine languages of Eritrea with a total of 265 participants (162 women and 103 men) in order to assess ‘resilience’ in quantitative terms. Statistical analysis yielded significant differences in SOC scores between the displaced and non-displaced: mean=54·84 (SD=6·48) in internally displaced person (IDP) camps, compared with mean=48·94 (SD=11·99) in urban and rural settle…
Human Variation and Body Mass Index
Use of BMI as a surrogate for body fat percentage is debatable and universal BMI cut-off points do not seem appropriate; lower cut-off points than currently recommended by WHO should be used in some populations, especially in Asia. The adult WHO BMI database indicates that, on average, women are more obese than men, while men are more likely to be pre-obese than women. Urban rates of overweight and obesity are generally higher than rural rates in…
Maternal anthropometry as a predictor of birth weight
Objective To determine whether maternal anthropometry predicted birth weight, and if so, to identify which cut-offs provided the best prediction of low birth weight (LBW) in a field situation. Design Community-based longitudinal study. Setting A rural union of Bhaluka Upazila, Mymensingh, located 110 km north-west of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Participants A total of 1104 normotensive, non-smoking pregnant women who attended community nutr…
The impact of food supplementation on infant weight gain in rural Bangladesh; an assessment of the Bangladesh Integrated Nutritional Program (Binp)
Objectives To examine the efficiency of the Bangladesh Integrated Nutritional Program (BINP) in identifying which infants should be supplemented, whether full supplementation was given for the stipulated period of time, and whether the correct exit criteria from the supplementation programme were used. To test whether targeted food supplementation of infants between 6–12 months of age resulted in enhanced weight gain. Setting Mallickbari Union, B…
Precision of Measurement as a Component of Human Variation
This paper describes the main quality control methods for determining human observer measurement error and instrument error focusing on intra-observer and inter-observer technical error of measurements (TEMs) and relative TEM, and the coefficient of reliability (R). R values above 0.95 are indicative of small errors. To compare variances between different variables, the coefficient of variation, a measure of relative variability, is used. The tot…
Longitudinal study of the frequency and duration of breastfeeding in rural Bangladeshi women
A 27‐month longitudinal study of 140 Bangladeshi mothers living in three tea gardens examined the effect of maternal factors (mother's age, number of live births, birth interval, and mother's work status) and sex of the infant on the duration and bout frequency of breastfeeding over 8‐hr daytime periods. Prolonged breastfeeding of the infant was observed, but there was a sharp decline in duration of breastfeeding over the first 6 months, followed…
Biosocial Correlates of Stature in a British National Cohort
Analyses of height variation using the 1970 UK national cohort study (12,508 children at age 10 and 5470 at age 16) found clear evidence that children of higher socioeconomic status (as measured by social class, crowding, tenure, type of accommodation, income and receipt of government financial assistance) were on average taller than children of lower socioeconomic status but there was little or no difference in average stature between children l…
Isonymy and the Structure of the Provençal-Italian Ethnic Minority
Surnames were obtained for the second half of the 20th century from civil and religious marriage registers on fifteen Provençal-Italian and five Italian villages of Cuneo Province, Italy. To insert in the analysis an outward comparison, surnames from two Italian villages of Turin Province, one parish of Turin, one village of Alessandria Province and one village of Asti Province were also collected. Ethnicity does not seem to be the main factor af…
History of migration studies in biological anthropology
The earliest studies of human biological factors in migration in which a clear research design was employed date back to the early 20th century in the United States. Maurice Fishberg's study of Jewish migrants, published in 1905, antedated the classic study of Franz Boas initiated in 1908. There have been two main approaches. The first approach examined the impact of migration in relation to changing environment and the importance of environmenta…
Precision of Measurement as a Component of Human Variation
This paper describes the main quality control methods for determining human observer measurement error and instrument error focusing on intra-observer and inter-observer technical error of measurements (TEMs) and relative TEM, and the coefficient of reliability (R). R values above 0.95 are indicative of small errors. To compare variances between different variables, the coefficient of variation, a measure of relative variability, is used. The tot…
Human Population Biology
This is a collection of 15 articles by various authors published as a tribute to biological anthropologist Paul T. Baker. The papers are organized under five headings: demography and population; genetics epidemiology and clinical medicine; physiology and the environment; the life cycle; and transdisciplinary approaches to the study of human biology. Aspects of research and methodologies are covered and some of the work conducted by Baker is descr…
Biosocial factors in the epidemiology of childhood asthma in a British national sample
The relation between biosocial factors and childhood asthma in a British national sample (n = greater than 14 000) is examined. The presence of asthma was found to associate with sex of the child, parental age and occupation, housing type, and overcrowding as well as eczema and some infectious diseases. Discriminant analysis showed that it was possible to differentiate between asthmatics and non-asthmatics due mainly to allergy related factors
Human Mating Patterns
Preface Part I. Historical and Demographic Studies: 1. Mating Patterns: an historical perspective A. D. J. Macfarlane 2. Mating distance and historical population structure: a review A. C. Swedlund 3. Marriage distance and ethnicity C. Peach and J. Clyde Mitchell 4. Mating patterns in isolates L. Jakobi and P. Darlu Part II. Mate Choice and Assortative mating: 5. Assortative mating for psychometric characters C. G. N. Mascie-Taylor 6. Assortative…
Biological Aspects of Human Migration
This is a collection of eight papers by different authors on the biological and genetic implications of human migration. The book synthesises the biological consequences of changed environments on the migrants and the genetic impact of immigration on the host populations. Patterns of migration past and present and genetic epidemiological and demographic consequences are considered....Individual chapters deal with the peopling of the continents mi…
The Distribution of Surnames in England and Wales
Etude de la distribution de 23 noms de famille en Angleterre et au Pays-de-Galles d'apres le bottin telephonique. Dans certains cas, cette distribution revele les migrations des siecles passes
The geographical distribution of selected surnames in Britain. Model gene frequency clines
Mother's age, birth order and health status in a British national sample
Using data from a longitudinal study of a national sample of British children, it is shown that mother's age and experience with child rearing are related to the attention paid to the child's health. Younger mothers, whose children are usually the first born, tend to be more concerned with health care facility use than are older mothers of children born subsequently. Younger mothers more often take their child to infant and toddler clinics, and a…
Gabriel Ward Lasker--An Appreciation
Gabriel died on Tuesday, 27 August 2002, in his 91st year. With his passing Biological Anthropology has lost a very dedicated and professional colleague, who served the discipline in a great many ways for over 50 years
The association between age, smoking, physical activity and diet with total cholesterol in adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males
Bose Kaushik, Mascie-Taylor C.G.N. The association between age, smoking, physical activity and diet with total cholesterol in adult Caucasian and migrant Pakistani males. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 9 fascicule 3-4, 1997. pp. 267-278
Geographical variation in age at menarche in Britain
The geographical distribution of age at menarche in great Britain is analysed in two successive generations. It appears that the variances for age at menarche are equal throughout the country. The means, however, show significant and complicated patterns of regional variation. In the southern and eastern parts of the country, menarche was earlier than in the northern parts in both generations. This patterning is not due to social class differenti…
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Disease
Varying Biosocial Correlates of Asthma and Wheezy Bronchitis
The British National Child Development Study has followed everyone born in one week in 1958 in England, Wales, and Scotland at varying intervals since birth. Examination of the data from this study has permitted analysis of differences between those diagnosed with wheezy bronchitis and those with asthma at ages 7 and 11. Among the 15,398 individuals at age 7 and the 15,303 at age 11, 446 (449 at 11) had asthma and 2,488 (1,194 at 11) had wheezy b…
Analysis of repeated reported adult statures
A large sample of women reported their heights on two occass; ons with an 11‐year time lag. The differences between the two reportings did not conform to the normal distribution hypothesis of measurement errors. The correlation coefficient between the two reportings was closed to the lower range of those between measured and reported heights. Mean reported stature was found to rise with time. The difference between the height reported at the two …
Biological aspects of a high socio-economic group II. IQ Components and Social Mobility
Data are presented on the verbal and performance (non-verbal) IQs of a sample of university scientists, their surviving fathers and male sibs. Although mean IQs differ between scientific disciplines the disciplines do not differentially attract scientists from particular socio-economic classes. The verbal IQs of both the scientists and their fathers are positively correlated with socio-economic class but only in the fathers' sample is the perform…
Social mobility and IQ components
This study examines the relationship between verbal, performance and total IQ scores and social class of 193 male householders living in a Cambridge suburb. The correlation coefficients between IQ scores and present occupational status were significantly higher than the correlations between IQ scores and social class of origin, suggesting that intragenerational social mobility is positively related to IQ. Parent–offspring data were available for …
Hand-clasping and arm-folding
The literature on hand-clasping is reviewed and it is shown to be suitable for genetic analysis, there being no classification problems, sex differences, assortative mating or maternal inheritance. Further data from two studies of our own are reported.Two-allele genetic models are discussed and shown to be inadequate at explaining the data. A simple three-allele model will, however, fit all the available data adequately, and will also account for…
A biological survey of a Cambridge suburb
An account is given of a study, carried out in a Cambridge suburb, which measured the similarity in IQ and some personality traits between spouses. In both sexes mean IQ scores tended to diminish from social class I to V. Lower IQ scores were associated with higher levels of extraversion, neuroticism and inconsistency. Assortative marriage was found for IQ components, Total IQ, extraversion-introversion and inconsistency scores. Both geographical…
Family size, birth order and IQ components
This study examines the relationship between family size, birth order and IQ components. No significant associations were found in either non-manual or manual social groups between IQ scores and family size. The correlation coefficient between verbal IQ and family size in the non-manual group was positive and differed significantly from the negative manual group value. Birth order effects were noted; the association differed significantly between…
Hand preference and components of I.Q
An account is given of the hand preferences (measured by questionnaire) of 687 individuals living in a Cambridge suburb. The proportions of right, mixed and left handers differed according to the classification used. Verbal and Performance I.Q. component scores were examined in relation to hand preference. For all classifications, left handers' overall Verbal I.Q. was significantly higher than their Performance I.Q. score, whereas right and mixed…
Biosocial correlates of cognitive abilities
The children in the cohort followed by the National Child Development Study were tested for cognitive ability at the age of eleven, and the influence of a number of biological and social variables was sought on the results of tests of reading, mathematics, verbal and non-verbal abilities. Reading relates strongly to social class, birth order and parental age, suggesting strong social influences upon it, but it is also related to height and acquir…
Personality and IQ score variation in a Cambridge undergraduate sample
This study, using an undergraduate sample, examines the relationship between ten independent variables and their interactions, on two IQ components and sixteen personality factors. There was a highly significant relationship between both IQ components and subject studied at university, and between the verbal IQ component and birth order. A relationship between smoking habit and personality was also found.
Surnames in Five English Villages
The surnames of all adult residents of five neighbouring communities in the fenlands of Cambridgeshire are compared with each other and with those of the 165,533 persons married in England and Wales in the period January to March 1975. Among the villages the average coefficient of relationship by isonymy (Ri) is 76 × 10 −5 . The villages nearer together may have a tendency to higher values of Ri: the correlation of Ri with the natural log of dist…
Assortative mating for IQ
This paper examines the similarity between husbands and wives at the IQ subtest level, using seven tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. There was some evidence for sex differences; husbands scored higher than their wives on three of the subtests. After logarithmic transformation of some subtests the data were shown to be consistent with multivariate normality. A simplified covariance matrix was produced. Principal component analysis …
Geographic distribution of surnames in Britain
The geographic distribution of the Smiths and Joneses among all persons married in England and Wales in 3 months of 1975 showed well defined frequency clines comparable to those of blood group distributions. Polynomial regressions of relative frequencies of these surnames on latitude and longitude account for 12% and 36% of the variation among registration districts in frequency of Smiths and Joneses, respectively.
A survey of a Cambridge suburb
This study presents parent–offspring and sibling resemblances for verbal and visuospatial IQ components and total IQ scores in both non-manual and manual social groups. Offspring on mid parent regression coefficients provided upper limits to phenotypic IQ similarity. There were no significant differences in regressions between social groups. The sex linked hypothesis for spatial ability was examined but neither parent–offspring nor sibling correl…
Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample
The height distributions of 11-year-old boys and girls and their parents (N = 33 000) comprising the National Child Development Study are reported. The variance in height was found to differ significantly between social classes for all three family positions (father, mother and child). Analysis of variance and cluster analysis revealed that stature distributions in all three family positions is more socially rather than regionally differentiated
Geographical distribution of common surnames in England and Wales
Analysis of the geographical distribution of 84 common surnames indicated that nearly all surnames are not distributed at random, but show distinctive geographical patterning. Factor analysis also revealed that there were similarities between surname distributions. The first two factors highlighted primarily Welsh surnames while the third and fourth factors were generally north of England names, mainly those ending in 'son
Biosocial factors in the epidemiology of childhood asthma in a British national sample
The relation between biosocial factors and childhood asthma in a British national sample (n = greater than 14 000) is examined. The presence of asthma was found to associate with sex of the child, parental age and occupation, housing type, and overcrowding as well as eczema and some infectious diseases. Discriminant analysis showed that it was possible to differentiate between asthmatics and non-asthmatics due mainly to allergy related factors
Fertility at low and high altitude in central Nepal
Data are reported on ages of menarche, first marriage and first childbirth, migration, venereal disease, birth control, birth spacing and on completed fertility rate in populations of Central Nepal living at low (8,500 feet) and high altitude (12,400 feet). The high‐altitude population reported a significantly lower completed fertility rate which could be partly accounted for by later age at marriage and first childbirth and increased birth spaci…
The geographical distribution of selected surnames in Britain. Model gene frequency clines
Recalled age of menarche in Britain
The purpose of this study was to determine recalled age at menarche from the National Child Development Survey of all children born in Britain in one week of 1958. All subjects were questioned at the same age (16 years); mean age at menarche was estimated as 13.3 +/- 0.02 years. The data deviate significantly from normality. Marked regional variation occurred but very little social class differentiation was apparent
Marital distances, age at marriage and husband's social group in a contemporary Cambridge sample
An account is given of the marital ages, birth and residence distances of marriage partners living in an urban area. Some social group differences were found; non-manual group members marry later and they tend to be more mobile than individuals from the manual group
Analysis of repeated reported adult statures
A large sample of women reported their heights on two occass; ons with an 11‐year time lag. The differences between the two reportings did not conform to the normal distribution hypothesis of measurement errors. The correlation coefficient between the two reportings was closed to the lower range of those between measured and reported heights. Mean reported stature was found to rise with time. The difference between the height reported at the two …
Husband–wife similarities in different components of the Wais IQ test
Examination of 150 husband–wife pairs from the Otmoor villages of Oxfordshire for levels of similarity in their performance of seven subtests of the WAIS IQ test showed significant positive correlation in five subtests but not in digit span or digit symbol. In no test was there any relation between level of spouse similarity and length of marriage. Scores were varyingly associated with several factors known to be related to total IQ, such as soci…
Assortative mating in a contemporary British population
An account is given of the similarity between husbands and wives for a number of characters including height, weight, age, social class, education and geographical locality. There is positive assortative mating for all characters examined. Assortative mating for height and weight in this large British sample (N = 6192) is shown to be largely independent of age, social and regional background
Assortative mating, differential fertility and abnormal pregnancy outcome
This study examines the relationship between spousal likeness in stature and two measures of reproductive success: the number of live-born children and the frequency of abnormal pregnancies, in a large British national sample. The analyses showed that as the husband-wife height difference increases so does the probability of having an abnormal pregnancy outcome. Increasing spousal similarity for height associates with increasing numbers of live-b…
Biological Aspects of Human Migration
This is a collection of eight papers by different authors on the biological and genetic implications of human migration. The book synthesises the biological consequences of changed environments on the migrants and the genetic impact of immigration on the host populations. Patterns of migration past and present and genetic epidemiological and demographic consequences are considered....Individual chapters deal with the peopling of the continents mi…
Biosocial correlates of asthma in a national sample of young adults
As the participants in the 1958 National Child Development Study cohort enter adulthood most of the social factors associated with onset of asthma are no longer relevant, but many of the biological factors continue to be important. There is a continuing association at age 23 between eczema, hayfever and similar allergic reactions and continuing asthma, while the earlier associated social factors including non-manual occupations, home ownership, a…
Demography (80 obras) · Sociology (62 obras) · Medicine (51 obras) · Population (43 obras) · Geography (38 obras) · Demography (33 obras) · Psychology (28 obras) · Biology (24 obras) · Birth, Development, and Health (21 obras) · Internal Medicine (17 obras)