Axel Ockenfels
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 942401 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Axel Ockenfels |
| PRENOMES | Axel |
| SOBRENOME | Ockenfels |
| ASSINATURA | OCKENFELS A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Cologne |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1456-0191 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 84 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1999 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Germany's Path to a National Kidney Exchange Program
The German Federal Parliament plans to amend the Transplantation Act (1997). • The main goal of the reform is to establish a national kidney exchange program. • The draft law follows European best practices in many respects. • However, the law prohibits the participation of compatible donor–recipient pairs, contrary to international evidence. • Germany may join cross-border kidney exchange programs in the future. Kidney exchange programs (KEPs) f…
Multirater Performance Evaluations and Incentives
We compare evaluations of employee performance by individuals and groups of supervisors, analyzing a formal model and running a laboratory experiment. The model predicts that multirater evaluations are more precise than single-rater evaluations if groups rationally aggregate their signals about employee performance. Our controlled laboratory experiment confirms this prediction and finds evidence that this can indeed be attributed to accurate info…
Who Opts In? Composition Effects and Disappointment from Participation Payments
Participation payments are used in many transactions about which people know little but can learn more: incentives for medical trial participation, signing bonuses for job applicants, or price rebates on consumer durables. Who opts into the transaction when given such incentives? We theoretically and experimentally identify a composition effect whereby incentives disproportionately increase participation among those for whom learning is harder. M…
Quality and safety for substances of human origins
The new European Union (EU) ‘Regulation on standards of quality and safety for substances of human origin (SoHOs) intended for human application’ is based on a long-standing diffidence towards offering compensation to donors of SoHOs. We point to recent, growing empirical evidence indicating that carefully designed compensation can increase the supply of SoHOs without negatively affecting quality and safety. We also elaborate arguments that addre…
An open-access market for global communications
An open-access market design is presented to manage network congestion and optimize network use and value. Open access eliminates the walled-garden approach; instead, it commoditizes communications network capacity while decentralizing access to a transparent wholesale market. It ensures that scarce capacity is put to its best use by providing a platform for efficient trade. The market operates without friction using flow trading. It allows parti…
Impartial policymakers prefer to impose carbon pricing to capping, especially when combined with offsets
Large but diminishing effects of climate action nudges under rising costs
Trust in everyday life
Although trust plays a pivotal role in many aspects of life, very little is known about the manifestation of trust and distrust in everyday life. In this work, we integrated several prior approaches to trust and investigated the prevalence and key determinants of trust (vs. distrust) in people's natural environments, using preregistered experience-sampling methodology. Across more than 4,500 social interactions from a heterogeneous sample of 427 …
Pricing externalities and moral behaviour
Norm Enforcement in Markets
The provision of trader feedback is critical to the functioning of many markets. We examine the influence of group identity on the volunteering and informativeness of feedback. In a market experiment conducted simultaneously in Germany and the United States, we manipulate the interaction of traders based on natural social and induced home market identities. Traders are more likely to provide feedback information on a trader with whom they share a…
Using Technology to Eliminate Traffic Congestion
Traffic congestion is a pervasive worldwide problem. We explain how to harness existing technologies together with new methods in time-and-location marketsto eradicate traffic congestion along with its attendant social harms. Our market design for road use builds on congestion pricing and models of efficient pricingin the electricity sector. The market maximizes the value of a transport network through efficient scheduling, routing, and pricing o…
The German 4G Spectrum Auction
The 2010 German 4G spectrum auction was an unusually large simultaneous ascending multi‐band auction. The bidding was competitive and the final assignment was efficient. However, our analysis suggests that independent and rational bidders had an opportunity to coordinate implicitly on a low‐revenue outcome. Coordination was difficult, though, because of a multiplicity of focal points. One important focal point involved post‐auction negotiations, …
Moral values and increasing stakes in a dictator game
How activating cognitive content shapes trust
Behavioral economic engineering
Buying a pig in a poke
Fair Procedures
Procedures are the area where fairness arguably has its largest influence on modern societies. The experiments we report provide an initial characterisation of that influence and suggest new interpretations for some well-known results. We find that procedural fairness is conceptually distinct from allocation fairness, although the evidence also indicates that the two are linked in important ways. "Post hoc" extension of one of the current models …
How Effective Are Electronic Reputation Mechanisms? An Experimental Investigation
Electronic reputation or “feedback” mechanisms aim to mitigate the moral hazard problems associated with exchange among strangers by providing the type of information available in more traditional close-knit groups, where members are frequently involved in one another's dealings. In this paper, we compare trading in a market with online feedback (as implemented by many Internet markets) to a market without feedback, as well as to a market in whic…
Trust among Internet Traders
Standard economic theory does not capture trust among anonymous Internet traders. But when traders are allowed to have social preferences, uncertainty about a seller’s morals opens t he door for trust, reward, exploitation and reputation building. We report experiments suggesting that sellers’ intrinsic motivations to be trustworthy are not sufficient to sustain trade when not complemented by a feedback system. We demonstrate that it is the inter…
The Supply Side of Organ Allocation
The benefits of a large organ pool accrue not only to the actual organ recipients themselves, but to others as well due to the insurance it provides against having to wait ‘too long’ for an organ transplant. We argue that this public good character of a large organ pool makes it economically and ethically justifiable to design a market mechanism that boosts the number of donors. Most importantly, such a mechanism has the potential to substantiall…
Retributive Responses
Retributive responses play a role in human behavior. Are they triggered primarily by supposed intentions or by observed consequences of actions? Experimental studies were conducted of retributive responses in situations in which the individual actor may inflict harmful consequences without intending to and intend harmful consequences without inflicting them. Results indicate that retributive responses are more strongly influenced by observed cons…
Erc
We demonstrate that a simple model, constructed on the premise that people are motivated by both their pecuniary payoff and their relative payoff standing, organizes a large and seemingly disparate set of laboratory observations as one consistent pattern. The model is incomplete information but nevertheless posed entirely in terms of directly observable variables. The model explains observations from games where equity is thought to be a factor, …
Fairness, Reziprozität und Eigennutz
Motivationen treiben Entscheidungen an. Doch welche Ziele werden im Kontext ökonomischer Entscheidungen verfolgt? Sowohl die 'Realität' als auch die experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung zeichnen ein widersprüchliches Bild. 'Fairneß' beeinflußt Verhandlungsergebnisse, 'Reziprozität' hilft bei der Überwindung von Kooperationsproblemen und 'Eigennutz' dominiert auf Märkten. Angesichts dieser widersprüchlich erscheinenden Beobachtungen stellt sich die…
Types and patterns
Types and patterns
Fair Procedures
Procedures are the area where fairness arguably has its largest influence on modern societies. The experiments we report provide an initial characterisation of that influence and suggest new interpretations for some well-known results. We find that procedural fairness is conceptually distinct from allocation fairness, although the evidence also indicates that the two are linked in important ways. "Post hoc" extension of one of the current models …
Trust in everyday life
Although trust plays a pivotal role in many aspects of life, very little is known about the manifestation of trust and distrust in everyday life. In this work, we integrated several prior approaches to trust and investigated the prevalence and key determinants of trust (vs. distrust) in people's natural environments, using preregistered experience-sampling methodology. Across more than 4,500 social interactions from a heterogeneous sample of 427 …
Behavioral economic engineering
Trust among Internet Traders
Standard economic theory does not capture trust among anonymous Internet traders. But when traders are allowed to have social preferences, uncertainty about a seller’s morals opens t he door for trust, reward, exploitation and reputation building. We report experiments suggesting that sellers’ intrinsic motivations to be trustworthy are not sufficient to sustain trade when not complemented by a feedback system. We demonstrate that it is the inter…
Moral values and increasing stakes in a dictator game
How activating cognitive content shapes trust
Impartial policymakers prefer to impose carbon pricing to capping, especially when combined with offsets
Norm Enforcement in Markets
The provision of trader feedback is critical to the functioning of many markets. We examine the influence of group identity on the volunteering and informativeness of feedback. In a market experiment conducted simultaneously in Germany and the United States, we manipulate the interaction of traders based on natural social and induced home market identities. Traders are more likely to provide feedback information on a trader with whom they share a…
The German 4G Spectrum Auction
The 2010 German 4G spectrum auction was an unusually large simultaneous ascending multi‐band auction. The bidding was competitive and the final assignment was efficient. However, our analysis suggests that independent and rational bidders had an opportunity to coordinate implicitly on a low‐revenue outcome. Coordination was difficult, though, because of a multiplicity of focal points. One important focal point involved post‐auction negotiations, …
Buying a pig in a poke
Fairness, Reziprozität und Eigennutz
Motivationen treiben Entscheidungen an. Doch welche Ziele werden im Kontext ökonomischer Entscheidungen verfolgt? Sowohl die 'Realität' als auch die experimentelle Wirtschaftsforschung zeichnen ein widersprüchliches Bild. 'Fairneß' beeinflußt Verhandlungsergebnisse, 'Reziprozität' hilft bei der Überwindung von Kooperationsproblemen und 'Eigennutz' dominiert auf Märkten. Angesichts dieser widersprüchlich erscheinenden Beobachtungen stellt sich die…
Types and patterns
Erc
We demonstrate that a simple model, constructed on the premise that people are motivated by both their pecuniary payoff and their relative payoff standing, organizes a large and seemingly disparate set of laboratory observations as one consistent pattern. The model is incomplete information but nevertheless posed entirely in terms of directly observable variables. The model explains observations from games where equity is thought to be a factor, …
The Supply Side of Organ Allocation
The benefits of a large organ pool accrue not only to the actual organ recipients themselves, but to others as well due to the insurance it provides against having to wait ‘too long’ for an organ transplant. We argue that this public good character of a large organ pool makes it economically and ethically justifiable to design a market mechanism that boosts the number of donors. Most importantly, such a mechanism has the potential to substantiall…
Retributive Responses
Retributive responses play a role in human behavior. Are they triggered primarily by supposed intentions or by observed consequences of actions? Experimental studies were conducted of retributive responses in situations in which the individual actor may inflict harmful consequences without intending to and intend harmful consequences without inflicting them. Results indicate that retributive responses are more strongly influenced by observed cons…
How Effective Are Electronic Reputation Mechanisms? An Experimental Investigation
Electronic reputation or “feedback” mechanisms aim to mitigate the moral hazard problems associated with exchange among strangers by providing the type of information available in more traditional close-knit groups, where members are frequently involved in one another's dealings. In this paper, we compare trading in a market with online feedback (as implemented by many Internet markets) to a market without feedback, as well as to a market in whic…
Trust among Internet Traders
Standard economic theory does not capture trust among anonymous Internet traders. But when traders are allowed to have social preferences, uncertainty about a seller’s morals opens t he door for trust, reward, exploitation and reputation building. We report experiments suggesting that sellers’ intrinsic motivations to be trustworthy are not sufficient to sustain trade when not complemented by a feedback system. We demonstrate that it is the inter…
Fair Procedures
Procedures are the area where fairness arguably has its largest influence on modern societies. The experiments we report provide an initial characterisation of that influence and suggest new interpretations for some well-known results. We find that procedural fairness is conceptually distinct from allocation fairness, although the evidence also indicates that the two are linked in important ways. "Post hoc" extension of one of the current models …
Buying a pig in a poke
Behavioral economic engineering
How activating cognitive content shapes trust
Moral values and increasing stakes in a dictator game
The German 4G Spectrum Auction
The 2010 German 4G spectrum auction was an unusually large simultaneous ascending multi‐band auction. The bidding was competitive and the final assignment was efficient. However, our analysis suggests that independent and rational bidders had an opportunity to coordinate implicitly on a low‐revenue outcome. Coordination was difficult, though, because of a multiplicity of focal points. One important focal point involved post‐auction negotiations, …
Using Technology to Eliminate Traffic Congestion
Traffic congestion is a pervasive worldwide problem. We explain how to harness existing technologies together with new methods in time-and-location marketsto eradicate traffic congestion along with its attendant social harms. Our market design for road use builds on congestion pricing and models of efficient pricingin the electricity sector. The market maximizes the value of a transport network through efficient scheduling, routing, and pricing o…
Pricing externalities and moral behaviour
Norm Enforcement in Markets
The provision of trader feedback is critical to the functioning of many markets. We examine the influence of group identity on the volunteering and informativeness of feedback. In a market experiment conducted simultaneously in Germany and the United States, we manipulate the interaction of traders based on natural social and induced home market identities. Traders are more likely to provide feedback information on a trader with whom they share a…
Trust in everyday life
Although trust plays a pivotal role in many aspects of life, very little is known about the manifestation of trust and distrust in everyday life. In this work, we integrated several prior approaches to trust and investigated the prevalence and key determinants of trust (vs. distrust) in people's natural environments, using preregistered experience-sampling methodology. Across more than 4,500 social interactions from a heterogeneous sample of 427 …
Large but diminishing effects of climate action nudges under rising costs
Quality and safety for substances of human origins
The new European Union (EU) ‘Regulation on standards of quality and safety for substances of human origin (SoHOs) intended for human application’ is based on a long-standing diffidence towards offering compensation to donors of SoHOs. We point to recent, growing empirical evidence indicating that carefully designed compensation can increase the supply of SoHOs without negatively affecting quality and safety. We also elaborate arguments that addre…
An open-access market for global communications
An open-access market design is presented to manage network congestion and optimize network use and value. Open access eliminates the walled-garden approach; instead, it commoditizes communications network capacity while decentralizing access to a transparent wholesale market. It ensures that scarce capacity is put to its best use by providing a platform for efficient trade. The market operates without friction using flow trading. It allows parti…
Impartial policymakers prefer to impose carbon pricing to capping, especially when combined with offsets
Multirater Performance Evaluations and Incentives
We compare evaluations of employee performance by individuals and groups of supervisors, analyzing a formal model and running a laboratory experiment. The model predicts that multirater evaluations are more precise than single-rater evaluations if groups rationally aggregate their signals about employee performance. Our controlled laboratory experiment confirms this prediction and finds evidence that this can indeed be attributed to accurate info…
Who Opts In? Composition Effects and Disappointment from Participation Payments
Participation payments are used in many transactions about which people know little but can learn more: incentives for medical trial participation, signing bonuses for job applicants, or price rebates on consumer durables. Who opts into the transaction when given such incentives? We theoretically and experimentally identify a composition effect whereby incentives disproportionately increase participation among those for whom learning is harder. M…
Germany's Path to a National Kidney Exchange Program
The German Federal Parliament plans to amend the Transplantation Act (1997). • The main goal of the reform is to establish a national kidney exchange program. • The draft law follows European best practices in many respects. • However, the law prohibits the participation of compatible donor–recipient pairs, contrary to international evidence. • Germany may join cross-border kidney exchange programs in the future. Kidney exchange programs (KEPs) f…
Economics (17 obras) · Microeconomics (16 obras) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (15 obras) · Business (10 obras) · Psychology (10 obras) · Social Psychology (9 obras) · Auction Theory and Applications (7 obras) · Computer Science (7 obras) · Political science (6 obras) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (5 obras)