William Divale
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 95364 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William Divale |
| PRENOMES | William |
| SOBRENOME | Divale |
| ASSINATURA | DIVALE W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | York College, City University of New York |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 353 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1972 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2003 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Effects of Immigration on Selected Health Risk Behaviors of Black College Students
The authors administered the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey to 1,219 college students who were attending a historically Black college located in New York City. They assessed the US-born Black students and Black students who emigrated to the United States for differences in risky sexual behaviors, risky dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. They used bivariate and multiple regression analyses to analyze the data and observed si…
Modernization as Changes in Cultural Complexity
A cross-cultural modernization scale is constructed using a worldwide sample of 136 societies in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. The operational definition of modernization is a change from traditional customs to ones that are forced or voluntarily borrowed from a dominant society that results in changes in behavior or customs. As a result of analysis using principal component analysis, we interpret the modernization process as a series of fo…
Climatic Instability, Food Storage, and the Development of Numerical Counting
A model is proposed that explains the variability in counting systems found in traditional societies. Societies that live in areas of climatic instability, in terms of temperature and precipitation extremes, tend to have periodic starvation and famine, which in turn stimulates societies to store and preserve food. The need to store and preserve food during one season for use in another stimulates societies to develop abilities to count to higher …
Cold Symptoms and Emotional Dissatisfaction Among Rural/Urban and Culturally Diverse High School Students
The hypothesis that negative emotional states can lower the immunological system's ability to ward off common colds was tested on a sample of 142 rural and urban students. The number of cold symptoms experienced was compared to scale scores of emotional dissatisfaction, stress, and depression. Emotional dissatisfaction at school and at home was correlated with more cold symptoms, as were stress and depression. Rural students exhibited more colds …
Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression
On the Misuse of Statistics
The Male Supremacist Complex
Reply to Lancaster and Lancaster
Guidelines for Holocultural Research
Living Floor Area and Marital Residence
Melvin Ember (1973) suggests that the living floor area of the average house in a society is a good archeological indicator of patrilocal versus matrilocal residence. This study successfully replicates his findings and suggests the sociological factors that may favor larger households and hence larger living floor areas in matrilocal societies
Bride-Price Reconsidered [and Comments]
A revised consideration of bride-price and dowry is presented. Marriage payments are viewed as status symbols and mechanisms of fluidity relating to stratification systems. An inability to carry out exchange "in kind" (i.e., bride for bride) appears in cases of marriage between groups of different status and is shaped by cultural principles of stratification. The phenomena of hypergamy, hypogamy, and isogamy, along with different exchange currenc…
Hunting and the Development of Sign Language
The hypothesis that sign language develops as a form of nonverbal communication to aid hunters in their coordinated stalking of game receives ethnographic support from a random sample of 29 "hunting" and "nonhunting" societies. Although not all hunting cultures sign, almost all signing cultures have a primary dependence on hunting for subsistence. A rival hypothesis that sign language develops as a form of intertribal communication also receives …
Female Status and Cultural Evolution
The theory that female status will increase with societal complexity is tested. Two independent measures of female status are compared with a measure of societal complexity. Both tests produce significant results, but in a direction opposite that of the hypothesis. With increases in societal complexity, there is a decrease in female status. Four data quality control factors were routinely applied to test for the presence of systematic eth nograph…
Using Date of European Contact for Time-Lagged Variables in Cross-Cultural Surveys
A new technique for causal analysis of cross-cultural surveys is presented. The epistemological assumption is that for any given sociocultural process, the ethnographic universe contains societies that were at different stages of the process when they were ethnographically described. To set up a causal design, one must logically deduce the different stages through which a particular society undergoing the process would pass. Thus, instead of maki…
Natural Selection in Cultural Evolution
In the past two decades several methods for objectively measuring cultural evolution have been developed. It is now possible to measure the degree of cultural evolution, but we know very little about its processes. Theorists have long proposed that among human societies warfare is the primary mechanism of natural selection. In other words, they say it is through success in warfare that societies evolve. We tested this theory cross‐culturally on a…
War, Peace, and Marital Residence in Pre-Industrial Societies
Tefft and Reinhardt recently reported that peacemaking mechanisms and periods of stable peace are associated with internal warfare, while peacemaking mechanisms are absent and peace is unstable in societies with external warfare. We suggest an explanation for these findings based on the argument that in pre-state level societies internal and external war are entirely different types of conflict. Internal war (conflict between communities of the s…
Newspapers
Anthropology has a responsibility to communicate to the public both the findings of our discipline and an awareness that solutions to present problems will arise ultimately from political action based on the findings of science. The news media, especially newspapers, are among the best vehicles through which this information can be channeled. Past studies have found that the average American confines most of his reading to newspapers and receives…
Population, Warfare, and the Male Supremacist Complex
We present cross-cultural data on the existence of a pervasive institutional and ideological complex of male supremacy in band and village sociocultural systems, and we identify warfare as the most important cause of this complex. We explain the perpetuation of warfare in band and village society and its interaction with selective female infanticide as a response to the need to regulate population growth in the absence of effective or less costly…
Temporal Focus and Random Error in Cross-Cultural Hypothesis Tests
Murdock and White (1969) have argued that in cross-cultural hypothesis tests where the variables measured are not focused (pinpointed in space and time to a single local community), we cannot assume functional relation ships between those variables. Since most of the published cross-cultural studies do not report focusing, Murdock and White cast doubt on the find ings of a few hundred studies. I argue that focusing should be used to increase data…
Migration, External Warfare, and Matrilocal Residence
It is suggested that matrilocal (uxorilocal) residence is an adaptive re sponse to the disequilibrium that occurs when a virilocal or patrilocal soci ety migrates into an alrcady inhabited region. The sudden immigration will result in external warfare between the migrating and indigenous so cieties. Most of the world's societics (approximately 70 percent) practice patrilocal residence and are characterized by the presence of fraternal interest gr…
Systemic population control in the middle and upper palaeolithic
Since reproductive cycles are shorter than life cycles every species tends towards overpopulation and must be subject to population control. Since man, the dominant life form in the ecosystem, adapts primarily through culture, his culture must include, as part of its adaptive scheme, a subsystem to control population growth. A systemic model of population control is presented involving female infanticide which regulates the excess females and pro…
Population, Warfare, and the Male Supremacist Complex
We present cross-cultural data on the existence of a pervasive institutional and ideological complex of male supremacy in band and village sociocultural systems, and we identify warfare as the most important cause of this complex. We explain the perpetuation of warfare in band and village society and its interaction with selective female infanticide as a response to the need to regulate population growth in the absence of effective or less costly…
Migration, External Warfare, and Matrilocal Residence
It is suggested that matrilocal (uxorilocal) residence is an adaptive re sponse to the disequilibrium that occurs when a virilocal or patrilocal soci ety migrates into an alrcady inhabited region. The sudden immigration will result in external warfare between the migrating and indigenous so cieties. Most of the world's societics (approximately 70 percent) practice patrilocal residence and are characterized by the presence of fraternal interest gr…
Systemic population control in the middle and upper palaeolithic
Since reproductive cycles are shorter than life cycles every species tends towards overpopulation and must be subject to population control. Since man, the dominant life form in the ecosystem, adapts primarily through culture, his culture must include, as part of its adaptive scheme, a subsystem to control population growth. A systemic model of population control is presented involving female infanticide which regulates the excess females and pro…
Living Floor Area and Marital Residence
Melvin Ember (1973) suggests that the living floor area of the average house in a society is a good archeological indicator of patrilocal versus matrilocal residence. This study successfully replicates his findings and suggests the sociological factors that may favor larger households and hence larger living floor areas in matrilocal societies
Temporal Focus and Random Error in Cross-Cultural Hypothesis Tests
Murdock and White (1969) have argued that in cross-cultural hypothesis tests where the variables measured are not focused (pinpointed in space and time to a single local community), we cannot assume functional relation ships between those variables. Since most of the published cross-cultural studies do not report focusing, Murdock and White cast doubt on the find ings of a few hundred studies. I argue that focusing should be used to increase data…
Natural Selection in Cultural Evolution
In the past two decades several methods for objectively measuring cultural evolution have been developed. It is now possible to measure the degree of cultural evolution, but we know very little about its processes. Theorists have long proposed that among human societies warfare is the primary mechanism of natural selection. In other words, they say it is through success in warfare that societies evolve. We tested this theory cross‐culturally on a…
Female Status and Cultural Evolution
The theory that female status will increase with societal complexity is tested. Two independent measures of female status are compared with a measure of societal complexity. Both tests produce significant results, but in a direction opposite that of the hypothesis. With increases in societal complexity, there is a decrease in female status. Four data quality control factors were routinely applied to test for the presence of systematic eth nograph…
Guidelines for Holocultural Research
Bride-Price Reconsidered [and Comments]
A revised consideration of bride-price and dowry is presented. Marriage payments are viewed as status symbols and mechanisms of fluidity relating to stratification systems. An inability to carry out exchange "in kind" (i.e., bride for bride) appears in cases of marriage between groups of different status and is shaped by cultural principles of stratification. The phenomena of hypergamy, hypogamy, and isogamy, along with different exchange currenc…
Climatic Instability, Food Storage, and the Development of Numerical Counting
A model is proposed that explains the variability in counting systems found in traditional societies. Societies that live in areas of climatic instability, in terms of temperature and precipitation extremes, tend to have periodic starvation and famine, which in turn stimulates societies to store and preserve food. The need to store and preserve food during one season for use in another stimulates societies to develop abilities to count to higher …
War, Peace, and Marital Residence in Pre-Industrial Societies
Tefft and Reinhardt recently reported that peacemaking mechanisms and periods of stable peace are associated with internal warfare, while peacemaking mechanisms are absent and peace is unstable in societies with external warfare. We suggest an explanation for these findings based on the argument that in pre-state level societies internal and external war are entirely different types of conflict. Internal war (conflict between communities of the s…
Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression
Effects of Immigration on Selected Health Risk Behaviors of Black College Students
The authors administered the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey to 1,219 college students who were attending a historically Black college located in New York City. They assessed the US-born Black students and Black students who emigrated to the United States for differences in risky sexual behaviors, risky dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. They used bivariate and multiple regression analyses to analyze the data and observed si…
The Male Supremacist Complex
Hunting and the Development of Sign Language
The hypothesis that sign language develops as a form of nonverbal communication to aid hunters in their coordinated stalking of game receives ethnographic support from a random sample of 29 "hunting" and "nonhunting" societies. Although not all hunting cultures sign, almost all signing cultures have a primary dependence on hunting for subsistence. A rival hypothesis that sign language develops as a form of intertribal communication also receives …
Using Date of European Contact for Time-Lagged Variables in Cross-Cultural Surveys
A new technique for causal analysis of cross-cultural surveys is presented. The epistemological assumption is that for any given sociocultural process, the ethnographic universe contains societies that were at different stages of the process when they were ethnographically described. To set up a causal design, one must logically deduce the different stages through which a particular society undergoing the process would pass. Thus, instead of maki…
Modernization as Changes in Cultural Complexity
A cross-cultural modernization scale is constructed using a worldwide sample of 136 societies in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. The operational definition of modernization is a change from traditional customs to ones that are forced or voluntarily borrowed from a dominant society that results in changes in behavior or customs. As a result of analysis using principal component analysis, we interpret the modernization process as a series of fo…
On the Misuse of Statistics
Reply to Lancaster and Lancaster
Newspapers
Anthropology has a responsibility to communicate to the public both the findings of our discipline and an awareness that solutions to present problems will arise ultimately from political action based on the findings of science. The news media, especially newspapers, are among the best vehicles through which this information can be channeled. Past studies have found that the average American confines most of his reading to newspapers and receives…
Systemic population control in the middle and upper palaeolithic
Since reproductive cycles are shorter than life cycles every species tends towards overpopulation and must be subject to population control. Since man, the dominant life form in the ecosystem, adapts primarily through culture, his culture must include, as part of its adaptive scheme, a subsystem to control population growth. A systemic model of population control is presented involving female infanticide which regulates the excess females and pro…
Migration, External Warfare, and Matrilocal Residence
It is suggested that matrilocal (uxorilocal) residence is an adaptive re sponse to the disequilibrium that occurs when a virilocal or patrilocal soci ety migrates into an alrcady inhabited region. The sudden immigration will result in external warfare between the migrating and indigenous so cieties. Most of the world's societics (approximately 70 percent) practice patrilocal residence and are characterized by the presence of fraternal interest gr…
Temporal Focus and Random Error in Cross-Cultural Hypothesis Tests
Murdock and White (1969) have argued that in cross-cultural hypothesis tests where the variables measured are not focused (pinpointed in space and time to a single local community), we cannot assume functional relation ships between those variables. Since most of the published cross-cultural studies do not report focusing, Murdock and White cast doubt on the find ings of a few hundred studies. I argue that focusing should be used to increase data…
Female Status and Cultural Evolution
The theory that female status will increase with societal complexity is tested. Two independent measures of female status are compared with a measure of societal complexity. Both tests produce significant results, but in a direction opposite that of the hypothesis. With increases in societal complexity, there is a decrease in female status. Four data quality control factors were routinely applied to test for the presence of systematic eth nograph…
Using Date of European Contact for Time-Lagged Variables in Cross-Cultural Surveys
A new technique for causal analysis of cross-cultural surveys is presented. The epistemological assumption is that for any given sociocultural process, the ethnographic universe contains societies that were at different stages of the process when they were ethnographically described. To set up a causal design, one must logically deduce the different stages through which a particular society undergoing the process would pass. Thus, instead of maki…
Natural Selection in Cultural Evolution
In the past two decades several methods for objectively measuring cultural evolution have been developed. It is now possible to measure the degree of cultural evolution, but we know very little about its processes. Theorists have long proposed that among human societies warfare is the primary mechanism of natural selection. In other words, they say it is through success in warfare that societies evolve. We tested this theory cross‐culturally on a…
War, Peace, and Marital Residence in Pre-Industrial Societies
Tefft and Reinhardt recently reported that peacemaking mechanisms and periods of stable peace are associated with internal warfare, while peacemaking mechanisms are absent and peace is unstable in societies with external warfare. We suggest an explanation for these findings based on the argument that in pre-state level societies internal and external war are entirely different types of conflict. Internal war (conflict between communities of the s…
Newspapers
Anthropology has a responsibility to communicate to the public both the findings of our discipline and an awareness that solutions to present problems will arise ultimately from political action based on the findings of science. The news media, especially newspapers, are among the best vehicles through which this information can be channeled. Past studies have found that the average American confines most of his reading to newspapers and receives…
Population, Warfare, and the Male Supremacist Complex
We present cross-cultural data on the existence of a pervasive institutional and ideological complex of male supremacy in band and village sociocultural systems, and we identify warfare as the most important cause of this complex. We explain the perpetuation of warfare in band and village society and its interaction with selective female infanticide as a response to the need to regulate population growth in the absence of effective or less costly…
Living Floor Area and Marital Residence
Melvin Ember (1973) suggests that the living floor area of the average house in a society is a good archeological indicator of patrilocal versus matrilocal residence. This study successfully replicates his findings and suggests the sociological factors that may favor larger households and hence larger living floor areas in matrilocal societies
Bride-Price Reconsidered [and Comments]
A revised consideration of bride-price and dowry is presented. Marriage payments are viewed as status symbols and mechanisms of fluidity relating to stratification systems. An inability to carry out exchange "in kind" (i.e., bride for bride) appears in cases of marriage between groups of different status and is shaped by cultural principles of stratification. The phenomena of hypergamy, hypogamy, and isogamy, along with different exchange currenc…
Hunting and the Development of Sign Language
The hypothesis that sign language develops as a form of nonverbal communication to aid hunters in their coordinated stalking of game receives ethnographic support from a random sample of 29 "hunting" and "nonhunting" societies. Although not all hunting cultures sign, almost all signing cultures have a primary dependence on hunting for subsistence. A rival hypothesis that sign language develops as a form of intertribal communication also receives …
On the Misuse of Statistics
The Male Supremacist Complex
Reply to Lancaster and Lancaster
Guidelines for Holocultural Research
Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression
Cold Symptoms and Emotional Dissatisfaction Among Rural/Urban and Culturally Diverse High School Students
The hypothesis that negative emotional states can lower the immunological system's ability to ward off common colds was tested on a sample of 142 rural and urban students. The number of cold symptoms experienced was compared to scale scores of emotional dissatisfaction, stress, and depression. Emotional dissatisfaction at school and at home was correlated with more cold symptoms, as were stress and depression. Rural students exhibited more colds …
Climatic Instability, Food Storage, and the Development of Numerical Counting
A model is proposed that explains the variability in counting systems found in traditional societies. Societies that live in areas of climatic instability, in terms of temperature and precipitation extremes, tend to have periodic starvation and famine, which in turn stimulates societies to store and preserve food. The need to store and preserve food during one season for use in another stimulates societies to develop abilities to count to higher …
Modernization as Changes in Cultural Complexity
A cross-cultural modernization scale is constructed using a worldwide sample of 136 societies in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. The operational definition of modernization is a change from traditional customs to ones that are forced or voluntarily borrowed from a dominant society that results in changes in behavior or customs. As a result of analysis using principal component analysis, we interpret the modernization process as a series of fo…
Effects of Immigration on Selected Health Risk Behaviors of Black College Students
The authors administered the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey to 1,219 college students who were attending a historically Black college located in New York City. They assessed the US-born Black students and Black students who emigrated to the United States for differences in risky sexual behaviors, risky dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. They used bivariate and multiple regression analyses to analyze the data and observed si…
Sociology (16 obras) · Geography (9 obras) · Demography (8 obras) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (7 obras) · History (7 obras) · History (7 obras) · Psychology (7 obras) · Anthropology (6 obras) · Demography (6 obras) · Population (6 obras)