Noam Faust
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 961552 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Noam Faust |
| PRENOMES | Noam |
| SOBRENOME | Faust |
| ASSINATURA | FAUST N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8155-5136 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 14 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2010 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Guttural syneresis in Tigrinya and Tigre
International audience
Old markers, new motivations
The variety of Arabic spoken by the Jews of Aden (Yemen) exhibits three noteworthy characteristics, all remarkable and distinctive in the Arabic dialectal space. First, it expresses its default final stress as duration, in a way that blurs the difference between phonemically long and short vowels under stress. The difference is nevertheless revealed as stress shifts away when a suffix is added. Second, older stem vocalizations are preserved for s…
Non-final final consonants in the Croissant
This article discusses data from a Romance variety spoken in the linguistic region of France referred to as the Croissant. When roots in this language exhibit a phonologically problematic right edge, the problem is treated differently depending on whether the stem is nominal or verbal. We propose that this unequal treatment reflects an underlying distinction: seemingly unsuffixed verbs are in fact underlyingly suffixed, whereas nouns are truly un…
Templatic in[t]ruders in Hebrew
Three templates in Hebrew exhibit a non-radical “intruder” [t] in their final C-position, which is otherwise reserved for radical segments. The appearance of this [t] correlates with feminine grammatical gender, whereas any other consonant in that position implies masculine gender. I therefore propose that this segment is no other than the feminine suffixal morpheme /-t/ which comes to occupy the template-final position. The intrusion is made pos…
The Typology of Weight in Strict CV Metrics
The problem of light geminates haunts moraic representations of syllable structure. Topintzi and Zimmermann (2025) offer an account within moraic theory and assert that length-based, nonmoraic analyses are at a loss when facing this problem. We use this debate as a starting point to discuss weight hierarchies in the languages of the world. We propose an analysis in Strict CV Metrics (Faust and Ulfsbjorninn 2018), a nonmoraic theory that does not …
The three degrees of metrical strength in Strict CV metrics, a theory without parsing
Typology establishes three degrees of metrical strength. Foot-based theories designate the intermediate degree as that of unparsed syllables, i.e. syllables that are not part of a foot. However, this denotation of parsing mispredicts massively; moreover, there is no real reason why such unparsed syllables should be of intermediate prosodic strength (as opposed to the weakest or strongest). This paper presents an alternative account in Strict CV m…
What the Schwartzes Told Me about Allomorph Priority
In Standard Yiddish, -s and -ən are used as default allomorphs for plural word formation. It is argued here that the choice is left to the phonology, with -s acting as a default within a default. This status is used to explain the exclusive use of -s in the pluralization of proper names, which are claimed to be formed with no sensitivity to the phonological form of the base
Epenthetic vowel quality crosslinguistically, with focus on Modern Hebrew
This paper proposes the principle of weakest epenthesis, whereby the quality of the epenthetic vowel is that of the weakest lexical vowel of the language, and weakness is defined phonologically, not phonetically. This principle is first shown to motivate the emergence of [e] as the epenthetic vowel of Modern Hebrew. It is then corroborated by a crosslinguistic survey of 100 languages. Finally, the Modern Hebrew facts are used to illustrate the fo…
A footless stroll through Italian stress
Despite the fact that Italian has been studied intensely for many years, the intricate relationship between its syllable structure and its metrical facts (weight and stress assignment) still poses a very significant formal challenge to previously published theoretical accounts. In this paper, we provide a novel account of Italian stress within the framework of Strict CV Metrics. We show that this approach most accurately captures the empirical da…
Metrically conditioned /a/-syncope in Modern Hebrew compounds
In Modern Hebrew, some, but not all, nominals exhibit obligatory /a/-syncope in open syllables if they are antepretonic in a simple (nominal) word. The same vowels optionally syncopate in any pretonic syllable in non-final members of compounds. Here we first show that syncope in compounds fills a gap in the typology of weak positions. We then propose a formal analysis in Gradient Harmonic Grammar (Smolensky and Goldrick 2016), which distinguishes…
Intrusion as Template Satisfaction and the QaTaT – QaTa Problem in Semitic
The squib focuses on the realization strategies of the final C-slot of templates hosting /j/-final roots in Hebrew and Amharic. Two of these strategies, nonrealization and realization through templatic intrusion, are motivated by the principle *Misalignment. The latter strategy occurs only in nouns, because it employs a suffix marking noncontextual grammatical gender
Nuer
This chapter covers the Eastern Jikany variety of Nuer, a Western Nilotic language spoken in South Sudan and the border of Ethiopia. Noteworthy phenomena in the language include: (1) vowel mutation as a main morphological tool, due to size restrictions; (2) complex non-linear morphology; (3) reduplication on adjectives; (4) a fundamental morphological distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs; (5) a sg-pl system with a direction of de…
Metrically-conditioned syncope in Strict CV metrics
The Strict CV metrics approach (Scheer & Szigetvári 2005, Ulfsbjorninn 2014) claims that once empty V-slots are factored in, moras are unnecessary. Instead, a grid-based analytic tool of Incorporation has been proposed and used in past analyses (Faust & Ulfsbjorninn 2019, Ulfsbjorninn 2014, 2021). In this paper, the theory is applied for the first time to the phenomenon of metrically-conditioned syncope, based on data from Mojeño Trinitario (Rose…
Nifʕal—A verbal class which is two
Several peculiarities of Modern Hebrew verbs of the nifʕal type are surveyed, showing that the past/present and future paradigms of this type are more independent of each other than those of other verbal types. It is proposed that different formatives are used in constructing the different paradigms; in this sense, these verbs in fact appear in two defective verbal types: one for the past/present and one for the future. The peculiarities surveyed…
Asymmetric inflection in Berber
In Tashlhiyt Berber nouns, grammatical gender is usually expressed on both edges of the noun by the segment /t/. However, at the right edge, there is another, more minor pattern: many grammatically feminine nouns end in a vowel. The regular realization involves a final /t/ associated to a suffixal CV unit. Vowel-final feminine nouns are derived when a final stem vowel is associated to the V position of the suffix, blocking the association of the …
Modern Hebrew prefixoids
Avoidance of final monopositional vowels
A group of Arabic dialects in Yemen exhibit a velar k in the subject suffixes of the perfect paradigm. The 1sg subject suffix surfaces in the various dialects as - ku, -k or - k w . In addition, the vocalization of the base may or may not be colored with a round vocalic quality, depending on both the realization of the suffix and the verbal type faʿal or fiʿil . Based on inquiries among speakers from Lower Yemen, we propose a path of evolution th…
Size, allomorphy and guttural-final stems in Modern Hebrew
There is a tendency for syncretism between future and infinitive stems in Modern Hebrew. Verbs with final orthographic gutturals do not follow this trend in one verbal type. In another, they do follow it, but their exponent is different from that of regular verbs. Previous studies have claimed that (i) gutturals are represented in Modern Hebrew as a vowel /a/ (Faust, Noam. 2005. The fate of gutturals in Modern Hebrew . Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv Universi…
Gutturals in General Israeli Hebrew
Modern Hebrew is written with the traditional Hebrew orthography, which contains several symbols that refer to guttural sounds. However, the pronunciations corresponding to these symbols in Modern Hebrew are not phonetically guttural. This paper is an exhaustive survey of these realizations. It shows that in many cases, there are reasons to think that even though no sound is produced, there is an underlying segment in the position of the historic…
The complex link between length and lowering
In both Palestinian Arabic and Qaraqosh Neo-Aramaic, high vowels lower and lengthen in the _C# position. This paper analyzes this phenomenon in the framework of Government Phonology (Kaye et al. 1990) and Strict CV (Lowenstamm 1996, Scheer 2004). It is claimed that in both languages, phonological considerations require additional length to be realized in this position (under certain conditions). However, this length cannot be realized through vow…
A note from the editors
Vowel alternation in Modern Hebrew
This short paper describes the various types of vowel alternations in Modern Hebrew, examining cases in which vowels alternate with Ø, which may be considered as syncope, as well as alternations between two vowels. Motivations for the different alternations are also discussed briefly.
New reasons to root for the Semitic root from Mehri and Neo-Aramaic
This paper provides two new arguments for the existence of the root as a level of representation in Semitic languages. The first argument, from the South Arabian language Mehri, presents a case of allomorphy in which the choice of the suffixal exponent is sensitive to the last vowel of its base, but not to its last consonant, even though the latter is closer to the position of the suffix than the former. Only an approach which distinguishes betwe…
The apophonic chain and the form of weak and strong verbs in Palestinian Arabic
This paper explores the logic behind the various morpho-phonological subdivisions in the verbal system of Palestinian Arabic. It argues for the importance in the understanding of Palestinian Arabic of the apophonic chain proposed for Classical Arabic in Guerssel and Lowenstamm (1993). In Palestinian, it is first argued, the Measure 1 perfective template includes a hard-wired association of its two vocalic positions; the main differences in vocali…
Introduction
This special issue includes twelve papers that consider roots to be a unit of lexical structure that is distinct from the stem, word, lexeme or morpheme.The assumption common to all of the papers is that roots are terminals in morphosyntactic structure.Given these assumptions, the overarching topic of this volume is the way in which roots interact with their morphosyntactic environment.We have grouped the papers in this collection into four thema…
Empirical and Theoretical Arguments in Favor of the Discontinuous Root in Semitic Languages
This paper argues for the existence of a discontinuous root morpheme in the Semitic languages. Although this notion is often used in the analysis of these languages, it has been claimed in some surface-oriented studies to be a mere theoretical artifact. The first part of this paper presents two arguments from the realm of verbal inflection. It is shown that no surface form can serve consistently as the base for other forms in either Modern Hebrew…
Non-concatenative realization in the verbal inflection of Modern Hebrew
Decomposing the feminine suffixes of Modern Hebrew
Templatic metathesis in Tigre imperatives
In the paradigms of certain Tigre verbs, the final stem consonant and the vocalic suffix metathesise in some configurations. In this short paper, this is analysed as a hiatus-resolving strategy. The limits and consequences of this strategy are shown to follow from the representation of verbs, in an analysis conducted within CVCV phonology and Element Theory
One advantage and three challenges to a theory of roots as indices
Where it's [at]
La-fala:lac’a ħĭčʾey
This paper presents and discusses a text in the Tigre language, delivered by a speaker of the Samhar dialect. The accompanying notes indicate several grammatical issues that arise from the text and are either specific to this dialect or have never been discussed explicitly in the Tigre literature. Among these are: receding vowel harmony in rounding, length in closed syllables, the two-syllable stress window, the purposive əgəl in the infinitive c…
Eroded prefixes, gemination and guttural effects in Tigre
Anne Storch, A Grammar of Luwo
Luwo is a Western Nilotic language spoken in South Sudan in and around the town of Wau by around 80,000 people. It belongs to the Lwoo branch of Western Nilotic. Only one grammar of the language, Santandrea (1946), existed hitherto. Very few more focused studies have appeared. For these reasons, this new grammar of the language, written by a renowned specialist of the language family, is a highly welcome piece of work. This grammar book bears the…
Weak radicals, weak suppletion, and phonological indices in Semitic
Allomorphy-its logic and limitations
Arabic stress in strict CV, with no moras, no syllables, no feet and no extrametricality
This paper continues the effort that began in (Scheer, Tobias & Peter Szigetvari. 2005. Unified representations for stress and the syllable. Phonology 22(1). 37–75.) to present a compelling alternative to moraic accounts of stress systems, framed in the theory of Strict CV (Lowenstamm, Jean. 1996. CV as the only syllable type. In Jacques Durand & Bernard Laks (eds.), Current trends in phonology models and methods , 419–442. European Studies Resea…
Articles of Italian unite! Italian definite articles without allomorphy
This article examines the various realizations of the Italian definite article and concludes, against all previous accounts of this phenomenon, that neither the singular nor the plural realizations constitute a case of allomorphy stricto sensu . Significantly extending Larsen's (1998) analysis, the paper argues that all of the realizations of the definite article, including the problematic [i] and [ʎi], share a single underlying representation. I…
Guttural Ghosts in Modern Hebrew
Many morphological paradigms in Modern Hebrew exhibit alternations between [a], zero, and a rare [ʔ] in positions where one expects to find a consonant. The letters symbolizing these alternations in the orthography were used to represent the guttural sounds [ʔ, ʕ, h] in stages of the language that had these sounds. Gutturals are largely absent from Modern Hebrew pronunciation, and yet their presence is still felt indirectly, through these alterna…
Gutturals in General Israeli Hebrew
Modern Hebrew is written with the traditional Hebrew orthography, which contains several symbols that refer to guttural sounds. However, the pronunciations corresponding to these symbols in Modern Hebrew are not phonetically guttural. This paper is an exhaustive survey of these realizations. It shows that in many cases, there are reasons to think that even though no sound is produced, there is an underlying segment in the position of the historic…
The complex link between length and lowering
In both Palestinian Arabic and Qaraqosh Neo-Aramaic, high vowels lower and lengthen in the _C# position. This paper analyzes this phenomenon in the framework of Government Phonology (Kaye et al. 1990) and Strict CV (Lowenstamm 1996, Scheer 2004). It is claimed that in both languages, phonological considerations require additional length to be realized in this position (under certain conditions). However, this length cannot be realized through vow…
A note from the editors
Vowel alternation in Modern Hebrew
This short paper describes the various types of vowel alternations in Modern Hebrew, examining cases in which vowels alternate with Ø, which may be considered as syncope, as well as alternations between two vowels. Motivations for the different alternations are also discussed briefly.
New reasons to root for the Semitic root from Mehri and Neo-Aramaic
This paper provides two new arguments for the existence of the root as a level of representation in Semitic languages. The first argument, from the South Arabian language Mehri, presents a case of allomorphy in which the choice of the suffixal exponent is sensitive to the last vowel of its base, but not to its last consonant, even though the latter is closer to the position of the suffix than the former. Only an approach which distinguishes betwe…
The apophonic chain and the form of weak and strong verbs in Palestinian Arabic
This paper explores the logic behind the various morpho-phonological subdivisions in the verbal system of Palestinian Arabic. It argues for the importance in the understanding of Palestinian Arabic of the apophonic chain proposed for Classical Arabic in Guerssel and Lowenstamm (1993). In Palestinian, it is first argued, the Measure 1 perfective template includes a hard-wired association of its two vocalic positions; the main differences in vocali…
Introduction
This special issue includes twelve papers that consider roots to be a unit of lexical structure that is distinct from the stem, word, lexeme or morpheme.The assumption common to all of the papers is that roots are terminals in morphosyntactic structure.Given these assumptions, the overarching topic of this volume is the way in which roots interact with their morphosyntactic environment.We have grouped the papers in this collection into four thema…
Minding the Gaps in the Wolane Verbal System
Meyer (2006) classifies the verbs of the Ethiosemitic language Wolane into three major types and several subtypes, according to the surface vocalizations of the three stems of each verb. In this paper I show that this classification creates several gaps and asymmetries in the system. Following Voigt (1990) and Goldenberg (1994), I propose a reanalysis according to which there are no verbal types or subtypes. All verbs involve the same vowels in t…
Avoidance of final monopositional vowels
A group of Arabic dialects in Yemen exhibit a velar k in the subject suffixes of the perfect paradigm. The 1sg subject suffix surfaces in the various dialects as - ku, -k or - k w . In addition, the vocalization of the base may or may not be colored with a round vocalic quality, depending on both the realization of the suffix and the verbal type faʿal or fiʿil . Based on inquiries among speakers from Lower Yemen, we propose a path of evolution th…
Size, allomorphy and guttural-final stems in Modern Hebrew
There is a tendency for syncretism between future and infinitive stems in Modern Hebrew. Verbs with final orthographic gutturals do not follow this trend in one verbal type. In another, they do follow it, but their exponent is different from that of regular verbs. Previous studies have claimed that (i) gutturals are represented in Modern Hebrew as a vowel /a/ (Faust, Noam. 2005. The fate of gutturals in Modern Hebrew . Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv Universi…
Asymmetric inflection in Berber
In Tashlhiyt Berber nouns, grammatical gender is usually expressed on both edges of the noun by the segment /t/. However, at the right edge, there is another, more minor pattern: many grammatically feminine nouns end in a vowel. The regular realization involves a final /t/ associated to a suffixal CV unit. Vowel-final feminine nouns are derived when a final stem vowel is associated to the V position of the suffix, blocking the association of the …
Linguistics (35 obras) · Philosophy (35 obras) · Computer Science (29 obras) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (22 obras) · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (22 obras) · Mathematics (21 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (15 obras) · History (14 obras) · Phonology (14 obras) · Vowel (14 obras)