Tim Zingler
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 967652 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Tim Zingler |
| PRENOMES | Tim |
| SOBRENOME | Zingler |
| ASSINATURA | ZINGLER T |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Universität Innsbruck |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1560-577X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 10 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 3 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 10 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
The size of clitics and affixes
The grammaticalization cline predicts that clitics should be longer than affixes. This work tests this idea and also investigates whether clitics tend to be monosyllabic and whether proclitics and enclitics differ in length. Clitics are defined as items that are part of larger phonological words and attach to hosts from different word classes. Our database comprises 378 clitics and 1,394 affixes from several dozen languages. We find that clitics …
The interaction of affix size, type and shape
This study explores the phonological structure of affixes based on different parameters. We begin by investigating the common but insufficiently supported claim that affixes tend to be monosyllabic, and we then take up the ideas that prefixes and suffixes differ in terms of size and in their proclivity for allomorphy. Our database consists of affix lists of 25 unrelated languages, which come from all six geographical macro-areas and yield a total…
The grammaticalization of noun affixes
This paper investigates a type of empty morph that attaches to noun forms and that will be called “noun affix” here. Based on six case studies from unrelated African and American genera, I arrive at a diachronic typology of noun affixes that in many ways confirms and in other ways expands on the findings of Joseph Greenberg, whose work on the topic remains the yardstick. One claim is that noun affixes may emerge directly from gender markers and t…
Expletive insertion
English words containing inserted expletives, like absobloodylutely or unbefuckinglievable , are often said to be created by ‘infixation’. One goal of this work is to argue that such claims are self-contradictory. Infixes are affixes, but the expletives are not. Rather, they are themselves morphologically complex, are not bound, and can occur with words from different syntactic categories. Hence, the expletives are full words, and the only proper…
A functional approach to the formal mismatches of indexation markers
This paper argues that indexation markers (i.e., argument-indexing agreement markers and/or pronouns) show a wider range of formal mismatches across languages than the exponents of other inflectional categories. These mismatches are defined in terms of mixed behavior with respect to different criteria of wordhood. The mismatches that the indexation markers (or “indexes”) show include extrametricality with respect to reduplication and “mobility” i…
Clitics, anti‐clitics, and weak words
Some reference grammars and cross‐linguistic works describe all elements that are not clear‐cut words as “clitics.” As a consequence of this practice, the class of suggested clitics is highly heterogeneous, which reduces the usefulness of the “clitic” label as a whole. In response to this situation, a more nuanced typology of grammatical forms is proposed here. The argument crucially relies on the notion of formal “dependence,” which is essential…
Infixation in the Americas
This article gives an overview of American infixes, with a focus on their morphosyntactic properties. A large-scale survey of both North and South American languages reveals several patterns, such as: (i) infixes fall within one of five categories, number, person, tam, voice/valency, and word formation; (ii) infixes usually have non-infixal allomorphs and are generally highly restricted in their distribution; (iii) few languages have more than on…
The range of linguistic units
This study examines the role of distance in the decision among grammatical variants. The empirical test case is the English mandative subjunctive construction, which co-occurs with an embedded modal auxiliary, a subjunctive or an indicative verb form. The fact that the subjunctive is triggered by specific lexical items allows one to measure the distance between the triggering unit and the target verb. This distance is found to play a significant …
Forthcoming articles
The question of form in the forming of questions: The meaning and
Evidence against the morpheme
The range of linguistic units
This study examines the role of distance in the decision among grammatical variants. The empirical test case is the English mandative subjunctive construction, which co-occurs with an embedded modal auxiliary, a subjunctive or an indicative verb form. The fact that the subjunctive is triggered by specific lexical items allows one to measure the distance between the triggering unit and the target verb. This distance is found to play a significant …
Evidence against the morpheme
The range of linguistic units
This study examines the role of distance in the decision among grammatical variants. The empirical test case is the English mandative subjunctive construction, which co-occurs with an embedded modal auxiliary, a subjunctive or an indicative verb form. The fact that the subjunctive is triggered by specific lexical items allows one to measure the distance between the triggering unit and the target verb. This distance is found to play a significant …
Forthcoming articles
The question of form in the forming of questions: The meaning and
Clitics, anti‐clitics, and weak words
Some reference grammars and cross‐linguistic works describe all elements that are not clear‐cut words as “clitics.” As a consequence of this practice, the class of suggested clitics is highly heterogeneous, which reduces the usefulness of the “clitic” label as a whole. In response to this situation, a more nuanced typology of grammatical forms is proposed here. The argument crucially relies on the notion of formal “dependence,” which is essential…
Infixation in the Americas
This article gives an overview of American infixes, with a focus on their morphosyntactic properties. A large-scale survey of both North and South American languages reveals several patterns, such as: (i) infixes fall within one of five categories, number, person, tam, voice/valency, and word formation; (ii) infixes usually have non-infixal allomorphs and are generally highly restricted in their distribution; (iii) few languages have more than on…
A functional approach to the formal mismatches of indexation markers
This paper argues that indexation markers (i.e., argument-indexing agreement markers and/or pronouns) show a wider range of formal mismatches across languages than the exponents of other inflectional categories. These mismatches are defined in terms of mixed behavior with respect to different criteria of wordhood. The mismatches that the indexation markers (or “indexes”) show include extrametricality with respect to reduplication and “mobility” i…
The grammaticalization of noun affixes
This paper investigates a type of empty morph that attaches to noun forms and that will be called “noun affix” here. Based on six case studies from unrelated African and American genera, I arrive at a diachronic typology of noun affixes that in many ways confirms and in other ways expands on the findings of Joseph Greenberg, whose work on the topic remains the yardstick. One claim is that noun affixes may emerge directly from gender markers and t…
Expletive insertion
English words containing inserted expletives, like absobloodylutely or unbefuckinglievable , are often said to be created by ‘infixation’. One goal of this work is to argue that such claims are self-contradictory. Infixes are affixes, but the expletives are not. Rather, they are themselves morphologically complex, are not bound, and can occur with words from different syntactic categories. Hence, the expletives are full words, and the only proper…
The interaction of affix size, type and shape
This study explores the phonological structure of affixes based on different parameters. We begin by investigating the common but insufficiently supported claim that affixes tend to be monosyllabic, and we then take up the ideas that prefixes and suffixes differ in terms of size and in their proclivity for allomorphy. Our database consists of affix lists of 25 unrelated languages, which come from all six geographical macro-areas and yield a total…
The size of clitics and affixes
The grammaticalization cline predicts that clitics should be longer than affixes. This work tests this idea and also investigates whether clitics tend to be monosyllabic and whether proclitics and enclitics differ in length. Clitics are defined as items that are part of larger phonological words and attach to hosts from different word classes. Our database comprises 378 clitics and 1,394 affixes from several dozen languages. We find that clitics …
Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation (9 obras) · Linguistics (8 obras) · Philosophy (7 obras) · Computer Science (6 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (6 obras) · History (5 obras) · Mathematics (5 obras) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (5 obras) · Grammaticalization (4 obras) · Psychology (4 obras)