Orley Ashenfelter
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 972366 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Orley Ashenfelter |
| PRENOMES | Orley |
| SOBRENOME | Ashenfelter |
| ASSINATURA | ASHENFELTER O |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Princeton University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 177 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1966 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
The U.S. Low-Wage Structure
Thanks to standardized work protocol and technology of McDonald's restaurants, the hourly wage of McDonald's Basic Crew enables wage comparisons under near-identical skill inputs and hedonic job conditions. McWages capture labor costs in entry-level jobs, while the Big Macs (earned) Per Hour (BMPH) index measures corresponding purchasing power of wages. We document large and growing geographical wage differences in standardized jobs using data co…
Minimum Wages, Wages, and Price Pass-Through
Based on 2016–20 hourly wage rates of McDonald’s basic crew and Big Mac prices collected simultaneously from almost all US McDonald’s, we find that in 25% of instances of minimum wage increases, restaurants keep constant their wage premium above the increasing minimum wage. Higher minimum wages are not associated with faster adoption of touch-screen ordering, and there is near-full price pass-through of minimum wages. Minimum wage hikes lead to i…
The Early History of Program Evaluation and the Department of Labor
My contact with the Department of Labor began more than 40 years ago, so it is a little alarming to consider that the Department is merely 100 years old! These remarks are addressed to those early days in the history of program evaluation 40 years ago, days that were both challenging and, in retrospect, more influential than anyone in the Department imagined
Bargaining and the Role of Expert Agents
Expert agents, such as lawyers, play a prominent role in conflict resolution, yet little is known about how they affect outcomes. We construct a model that permits us to estimate the influence of agents and test whether the parties in a dispute face prisoner's dilemma incentives. Using eighteen years of final-offer arbitration data from New Jersey, we find the parties do significantly better when they retain agents and that the parties learn abou…
Handbook of labor economics
Using Hedonic Models of Solar Radiation and Weather to Assess the Economic Effect of Climate Change
In this paper we use two alternative methods to assess the effects of climate change on the quality of wines from the vineyards of the Mosel Valley in Germany. In the first, structural approach we use a physical model of solar radiation to measure the amount of energy collected by a vineyard and then to establish the econometric relation between energy and vineyard quality. Coupling this hedonic function with the physics of heat and energy permit…
A Shred of Credible Evidence on the Long‐run Elasticity of Labour Supply
All public policies regarding taxation and the redistribution of income rely on assumptions about the long‐run effect of wages rates on labour supply. The variation in existing estimates calls for a simple, natural experiment in which men can change their hours of work, and in which wages have been exogenously and permanently changed. We use a panel dataset of taxi drivers who choose their own hours, and who experienced two exogenous permanent fa…
Predicting the Quality and Prices of Bordeaux Wine
Bordeaux wines have been made in much the same way for centuries. This article shows that the variability in the quality and prices of Bordeaux vintages is predicted by the weather that created the grapes. The price equation provides a measure of the real rate of return to holding wines (about 2-3% per annum) and implies far greater variability in the early or 'en primeur' wine prices than is observed. The analysis provides a useful basis for ass…
Measuring the Value of a Statistical Life
Tradeoffs between monetary wealth and fatal safety risks are summarised in the value of a statistical life (VSL), a measure that is widely used for the evaluation of public policies in medicine, the environment, and transportation safety. This article demonstrates the widespread use of this concept and summarises the major issues, both theoretical and empirical, that must be confronted in order to provide a credible estimate of a VSL. The article…
Using Mandated Speed Limits to Measure the Value of a Statistical Life
In 1987 the federal government permitted states to raise the speed limit on their rural interstate roads, but not on their urban interstate roads, from 55 mph to 65 mph. Since the states that adopted the higher speed limit must have valued the travel hours they saved more than the fatalities incurred, this institutional change provides an opportunity to estimate an upper bound on the public's willingness to trade off wealth for a change in the pr…
Measuring the Effect of Arbitration on Wage Levels
The authors empirically evaluate how the provision of an arbitration statute affects police officers' wages by comparing wage levels across political jurisdictions and over time using a sample of states. Two complementary data sources are used: panel data for the years 1961-92 on state-level wages of police officers, and individual-level data on police officers from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 Decennial Censuses. The empirical results from both data…
Handbook of labor economics
Preface to the Handbook
Preface to the handbook
Income, Schooling, and Ability
We develop a model of optimal schooling investments and estimate it using new data on approximately 700 identical twins. We estimate an average return to schooling of 9 percent for identical twins, but estimated returns appear to be slightly higher for less able individuals. Simple cross-section estimates are marginally upward biased. These empirical results imply that abler individuals attain more schooling because they face lower marginal costs…
Estimates of the Returns to Schooling from Sibling Data
Data on brothers and on fathers and sons from the National Longitudinal Survey are used to consider the impact of omitted variables and measurement errors on the economic returns to schooling. The analysis suggests that the upward bias in estimated returns due to omitted variables is likely offset by an equal downward bias resulting from measurement errors in reported schooling. Controlling for both of these potential sources of bias yields resul…
Labor Economics
Organizations Related to the Study of Political Science
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Handbook of Labor Economics
How Auctions Work for Wine and Art
At the first wine auction I ever attended, I saw the repeal of the law of one price. This empirical surprise led me to begin collecting data on wine auctions, to interview auctioneers, and even to buy a little wine. In the meantime I have also had the opportunity (with John Abowd) to observe and collect data on the auction sale of impressionist and contemporary paintings. This paper reports on some of the empirical regularities that I and others …
Handbook of Labour Economics. Vols. I and II
Handbook of Labor Economics, Vols. 1 and 2
Journal Article Handbook of Labor Economics, Vols. 1 and 2 Get access Handbook of Labor Economics, Vols. 1 and 2. Edited by O. C. Ashenfelter and R. Layard. (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1986. Pp. xxii + 787 and xx + 1273. USS 110.00, Dfl. 400.00 hardback.) C. J. McKenna C. J. McKenna University College, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 97, Issue 388, 1 December 1987, Pages…
Testing the Efficiency of Employment Contracts
The recent literature on employment contracts emphasizes that it is in the interests of the parties to produce institutional arrangements that lead to employment contracts that we have termed "strongly efficient." Strong efficiencyimplies that employment is set so as to equate the marginal revenue product of workers to their alternative wage. It follows that employment in such contracts fluctuates with the determinants of a worker's marginal reve…
Why Have Unemployment Rates in Canada and the United States Diverged
Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-0427%281986%292%3A53%3A210%3CS171%3AWHURIC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-DEconomica is currently published by The London School of Economics and Political Science.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you ma…
Using the Longitudinal Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training Programs
Orley Ashenfelter, David Card, Using the Longitudinal Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training Programs, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Nov., 1985), pp. 648-660
Compliance with the Minimum Wage Law
This paper investigates the extent and patterns of compliance with the federal minimum wage. Using a profit-maximizing model of compliance, predictions about compliance with weak or random government enforcement are made. Such enforcement is not random, however, and our measures of compliance suggest that government enforcement, while not inducing anything near complete compliance, does have an impact. Overall compliance in 1973 is estimated to b…
Racial Discrimination and Trade Unionism
Testing the Efficiency of Employment Contracts
The recent literature on employment contracts emphasizes that it is in the interests of the parties to produce institutional arrangements that lead to employment contracts that we have termed "strongly efficient." Strong efficiencyimplies that employment is set so as to equate the marginal revenue product of workers to their alternative wage. It follows that employment in such contracts fluctuates with the determinants of a worker's marginal reve…
How Auctions Work for Wine and Art
At the first wine auction I ever attended, I saw the repeal of the law of one price. This empirical surprise led me to begin collecting data on wine auctions, to interview auctioneers, and even to buy a little wine. In the meantime I have also had the opportunity (with John Abowd) to observe and collect data on the auction sale of impressionist and contemporary paintings. This paper reports on some of the empirical regularities that I and others …
Education, Unemployment, and Earnings
Using data on adult male workers, we first investigate the incremental effect of 1 year of schooling on unemployed hours and use this calculation to explain the difference in the proportional effects of schooling on earnings and wages. Schooling apparently reduces unemployed hours by reducing the incidence of unemployment spells, but it does not significantly affect their duration. We next test whether unemployed hours represent real constraints …
Measuring the Value of a Statistical Life
Tradeoffs between monetary wealth and fatal safety risks are summarised in the value of a statistical life (VSL), a measure that is widely used for the evaluation of public policies in medicine, the environment, and transportation safety. This article demonstrates the widespread use of this concept and summarises the major issues, both theoretical and empirical, that must be confronted in order to provide a credible estimate of a VSL. The article…
The Effect of Unionization on Wages in the Public Sector
Examination of the effects of public-sector union, the International Association of Fire Fighters, on the wages of the association's constituent membership. Reasons for expecting demand inelasticity in the case of firemen; Conceptual framework used in the study; Effect of unionism; Significance of the results. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Using Mandated Speed Limits to Measure the Value of a Statistical Life
In 1987 the federal government permitted states to raise the speed limit on their rural interstate roads, but not on their urban interstate roads, from 55 mph to 65 mph. Since the states that adopted the higher speed limit must have valued the travel hours they saved more than the fatalities incurred, this institutional change provides an opportunity to estimate an upper bound on the public's willingness to trade off wealth for a change in the pr…
Predicting the Quality and Prices of Bordeaux Wine
Bordeaux wines have been made in much the same way for centuries. This article shows that the variability in the quality and prices of Bordeaux vintages is predicted by the weather that created the grapes. The price equation provides a measure of the real rate of return to holding wines (about 2-3% per annum) and implies far greater variability in the early or 'en primeur' wine prices than is observed. The analysis provides a useful basis for ass…
On the interpretation of urban density functions
Incomes Policy and Wage Differentials
this paper Contains a simple analysis of the movement of differentials in Britain in this decade. Everyone * We should like to thank J. Altonji, J. Abraham and A. Smith for excellent research assistance, and the Department of Employment for providing privately all figures not derived from published reports of the New Earnings Survey. We are also grateful to F. Bayliss, T. Cavanagh, J. Flemming and A. Shorrocks for valuable comments. The work was …
The Withering Away of a Full Employment Goal
Wage Movements and the Labour Market Equilibrium Hypothesis
The view that aggregate monetary and fiscal policies cannot affect unemployment in long run is now accepted by both academic economists and public officials.' Some academics were convinced early on that demand management policies must have a neutral effect on real activity on grounds that money illusion could not persist indefinitely. Other academics and many public officials were finally convinced when predictions that continued reflationary pol…
A Shred of Credible Evidence on the Long‐run Elasticity of Labour Supply
All public policies regarding taxation and the redistribution of income rely on assumptions about the long‐run effect of wages rates on labour supply. The variation in existing estimates calls for a simple, natural experiment in which men can change their hours of work, and in which wages have been exogenously and permanently changed. We use a panel dataset of taxi drivers who choose their own hours, and who experienced two exogenous permanent fa…
The Early History of Program Evaluation and the Department of Labor
My contact with the Department of Labor began more than 40 years ago, so it is a little alarming to consider that the Department is merely 100 years old! These remarks are addressed to those early days in the history of program evaluation 40 years ago, days that were both challenging and, in retrospect, more influential than anyone in the Department imagined
Industrial Conflict
Graduate Education, Ability, and Earnings
SUBSTANTIAL interest in recent years has centered on the relationship between personal earnings and a myriad of education related variables.' In this paper we present estimates of the impact on earnings of schooling, an index of ability, and a set of other relevant variables for a cohort of recent entrants to the labor market who have had some graduate education in the arts and sciences. Aside from a purely intellectual curiosity, there are sever…
American Trade Union Growth
I. Some determinants of union growth, 435. — II. Empirical results, 439. — III. Consideration of some subperiods, 445. — IV Conclusion, 447.
The Effect of Unionization on Wages in the Public Sector
Examination of the effects of public-sector union, the International Association of Fire Fighters, on the wages of the association's constituent membership. Reasons for expecting demand inelasticity in the case of firemen; Conceptual framework used in the study; Effect of unionism; Significance of the results. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Racial Discrimination and Trade Unionism
Child Quality and the Demand for Children
Determinants of Participation in Presidential Elections
Wage Changes and the Frequency of Wage Settlements
The practical importance for public policy of the determinants of aggregate money wage changes has spawned an extensive empirical literature on this subject in the last decade or so. Since little of empirical significance seems to have been settled by this research, it is not surprising that it has been receiving substantial formal and informal criticism. On the one hand there has been criticism of the weak connection between economic theories an…
Discrimination in Labor Markets
[A Process Evaluation of the Contract Compliance Program in Nonconstruction Industry]
On the interpretation of urban density functions
A Model of Unemployment Insurance and the Work Test
Estimating the Effect of Training Programs on Earnings
GOVERNMENTAL post-schooling training programs have become a permanent fixture of the U.S. economy in the last decade. These programs are typically advocated for diverse reasons: (1) to reduce inflation by the provision of more skilled workers to alleviate shortages, (2) to reduce unemployment of certain groups, and (3) to reduce poverty by increasing the skills of certain groups. All of these objectives require that training programs increase the…
Union Growth and the Business Cycle
Equal Rights and Industrial Relations
Evaluating the Labor-Market Effects of Social Programs
Compliance with the Minimum Wage Law
This paper investigates the extent and patterns of compliance with the federal minimum wage. Using a profit-maximizing model of compliance, predictions about compliance with weak or random government enforcement are made. Such enforcement is not random, however, and our measures of compliance suggest that government enforcement, while not inducing anything near complete compliance, does have an impact. Overall compliance in 1973 is estimated to b…
Education, Unemployment, and Earnings
Using data on adult male workers, we first investigate the incremental effect of 1 year of schooling on unemployed hours and use this calculation to explain the difference in the proportional effects of schooling on earnings and wages. Schooling apparently reduces unemployed hours by reducing the incidence of unemployment spells, but it does not significantly affect their duration. We next test whether unemployed hours represent real constraints …
Essays in Labor Market Analysis
Wage Movements and the Labour Market Equilibrium Hypothesis
The view that aggregate monetary and fiscal policies cannot affect unemployment in long run is now accepted by both academic economists and public officials.' Some academics were convinced early on that demand management policies must have a neutral effect on real activity on grounds that money illusion could not persist indefinitely. Other academics and many public officials were finally convinced when predictions that continued reflationary pol…
The Regulatory Process and Labor Earnings . Ronald G. Ehrenberg
The Withering Away of a Full Employment Goal
Incomes Policy and Wage Differentials
this paper Contains a simple analysis of the movement of differentials in Britain in this decade. Everyone * We should like to thank J. Altonji, J. Abraham and A. Smith for excellent research assistance, and the Department of Employment for providing privately all figures not derived from published reports of the New Earnings Survey. We are also grateful to F. Bayliss, T. Cavanagh, J. Flemming and A. Shorrocks for valuable comments. The work was …
Using the Longitudinal Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training Programs
Orley Ashenfelter, David Card, Using the Longitudinal Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training Programs, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Nov., 1985), pp. 648-660
Testing the Efficiency of Employment Contracts
The recent literature on employment contracts emphasizes that it is in the interests of the parties to produce institutional arrangements that lead to employment contracts that we have termed "strongly efficient." Strong efficiencyimplies that employment is set so as to equate the marginal revenue product of workers to their alternative wage. It follows that employment in such contracts fluctuates with the determinants of a worker's marginal reve…
Economics (36 obras) · Labour economics (18 obras) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (14 obras) · Econometrics (13 obras) · Political science (12 obras) · Business (11 obras) · Computer Science (11 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Demographic economics (9 obras) · Labor Movements and Unions (9 obras)