E Michael Foster
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 97598 |
|---|---|
| NOME | E Michael Foster |
| PRENOMES | E Michael |
| SOBRENOME | Foster |
| ASSINATURA | FOSTER E M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8568-5293 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 44 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 307 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1992 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Does Participation in Music and Performing Arts Influence Child Development
This article reconsiders the association between childhood arts participation and cognitive and developmental outcomes. Using data from a large, nationally representative sample with extensive covariates, we employ propensity score weighting to adjust comparisons of children who do and do not participate in arts education (music and performing arts lessons) to address potential confounding from selection into arts education. We examine a broad ra…
The Impact of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program’s Unborn Child Ruling Expansions on Foreign-Born Latina Prenatal Care and Birth Outcomes, 2000–2007
The Effects of Breastfeeding Exclusivity on Early Childhood Outcomes
Objectives. We examined the relationship between breastfeeding exclusivity and duration and children’s health and cognitive outcomes at ages 2 and 4 years. Methods. We used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Birth Cohort, a nationally representative sample of 10 700 children born in the United States in 2001. Parent interviews and child assessments were conducted in measurement waves at 9 months, 2 years, 4 years, and in kindergarten, with th…
Multiple Forensic Interviews During Investigations of Child Sexual Abuse: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
In cases of suspected child sexual abuse (CSA) some professionals routinely recommend multiple interviews by the same interviewer because any additional details provided might improve decision-making and increase perpetrator convictions. We analyzed alternative policies about child interviewing to estimate the probability that a policy of all children receiving multiple interviews will increase criminal convictions and better protect children. Us…
Child welfare and the challenge of causal inference
A Person-Centered Examination of Adolescent Religiosity Using Latent Class Analysis
Empirical studies of religion's role in society, especially those focused on individuals and analyzing survey data, conceptualize and measure religiosity as ranging from low to high on a single measure or a summary index of multiple measures. Other concepts, such as 'lived religion,' 'believing without belonging,' or 'fuzzy fidelity' emphasize what scholars have noted for decades: humans are rarely consistently low, medium, or high across dimensi…
The Effect of the Zero to Three Court Teams Initiative on Types of Exits From the Foster Care System — A Competing Risks Analysis
Explaining the disparity in placement instability among African-American and white children in child welfare: A Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition
Deployment and the Citizen Soldier: Need and Resilience
BACKGROUND: The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have made unprecedented demands on the nation's citizen soldiers, the National Guard and Reserve. A major concern involves the repeated deployment of these forces overseas. OBJECTIVES: Using data from the Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among the Guard and Reserve Force, we examined the effects of deployment on 6 health outcomes. SUBJECTS: The Department of Defense Survey of He…
Vulnerable Populations and the Transition to Adulthood
D. Wayne Osgood, E. Michael Foster, and Mark E. Courtney examine the transition to adulthood for youth involved in social service and justice systems during childhood and adolescence. They survey the challenges faced by youth in the mental health system, the foster care system, the juvenile justice system, the criminal justice system, and special education, and by youth with physical disabilities and chronic illness, as well as runaway and homele…
Breastfeeding and the Child Cognitive Outcomes: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Medicaid and racial disparities in health: The issue of causality. A commentary on Rose et al
The effect of WIC on breastfeeding: A new look at an established relationship
Causal inference and developmental psychology
Causal inference is of central importance to developmental psychology. Many key questions in the field revolve around improving the lives of children and their families. These include identifying risk factors that if manipulated in some way would foster child development. Such a task inherently involves causal inference: One wants to know whether the risk factor actually causes outcomes. Random assignment is not possible in many instances, and fo…
The value of reanalysis and replication: Introduction to special section
In their 2007 article in this journal, Duncan et al. examined 6 longitudinal data sets to gauge the links between 3 key elements of readiness at school entry (academic, attention, and socioemotional skills) and later achievement. Across all 6 data sets, the strongest predictors of later achievement were school-entry math, reading, and attention skills. Social skills and internalizing and externalizing behavior did not predict subsequent achieveme…
The U-shaped relationship between complexity and usefulness: A commentary
The relationship between complexity and usefulness can be captured by a U-shaped curve. This comment explores that relationship. Complexity may be useful for one of the main aims of developmental psychology (causal inference) but not for another (description of developmental phenomena). Currently, developmentalists conduct complex analyses that are not useful in pursuing either aim: The analyses are too complex to produce good description, and th…
Indicators of Acculturation Related to Somali Refugee Women’s Birth Outcomes in Minnesota
The costs of a public health infrastructure for delivering parenting and family support
New methods for new questions: Obstacles and opportunities
Two forces motivate this special section, "New Methods for New Questions in Developmental Psychology." First are recent developments in social science methodology and the increasing availability of those methods in common software packages. Second, at the same time psychologists' understanding of developmental phenomena has continued to grow. At their best, these developments in theory and methods work in tandem, fueling each other. Newer methods…
Provider-Level Effects on Psychiatric Inpatient Length of Stay for Youth With Mental Health and Substance Abuse Disorders
OBJECTIVE: Previous research on inpatient care for children and adolescents with emotional or behavioral problems indicates that patient-level factors predict length of stay (LOS) poorly. This analysis examines whether patient-level factors are poor predictors of LOS, because LOS is primarily determined by facilities rather patients. STUDY DESIGN: This study uses Tennessee Medicaid claims data from 1996 to 2001. The data include information on 14…
Can system integration improve mental health outcomes for children and youth
Measuring Time Costs in Interventions Designed to Reduce Behavior Problems Among Children and Youth
The economic evaluation of psychosocial interventions is a growing area of research. Though time costs are central to the economist's understanding of social costs, these costs generally have been ignored by prevention scientists. This article highlights the need to measure such costs and then reviews the principles economists use in valuing time. It then considers the specific time costs that often arise in interventions designed to reduce behav…
A Cautionary Tale: Using Propensity Scores to Estimate the Effect of Food Stamps on Food Insecurity
This article uses propensity scores to evaluate the effect of food stamps on food insecurity, a measure of inadequate food supply. It relies on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort. By balancing treatment and comparison groups on covariates, the propensity score method adjusts for bias caused by observed variables. This method may be preferable to regression because it does not rely on a linear functional form to a…
Risk and Resilience: Adaptations in Changing Times - Edited by Ingrid Schoon
On Your Own without a Net: The Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations
Parenting in Context: Impact of Neighborhood Poverty, Residential Stability, Public Services, Social Networks, and Danger on Parental Behaviors
This prospective longitudinal study examined the unique and combined effects of neighborhood characteristics on parental behaviors in the context of more distal and more proximal influences. With a sample of 368 mothers from high-risk communities in 4 parts of the United States, this study examined relations between race (African American or European American), locality (urban or rural), neighborhood characteristics, family context, and child pro…
Families Under Economic Pressure
Within a context of increasing economic pressure in rural America, this study assesses family responses to this change and their consequences from the perspective of the household economy in middle-class families. It draws on the findings of largely separate fields of inquiry, including those on income level and loss, unemployment, and economic adjustments. Using survey and observational data on two-parent families in a midwestern rural county, t…
Causal inference and developmental psychology
Causal inference is of central importance to developmental psychology. Many key questions in the field revolve around improving the lives of children and their families. These include identifying risk factors that if manipulated in some way would foster child development. Such a task inherently involves causal inference: One wants to know whether the risk factor actually causes outcomes. Random assignment is not possible in many instances, and fo…
A Person-Centered Examination of Adolescent Religiosity Using Latent Class Analysis
Empirical studies of religion's role in society, especially those focused on individuals and analyzing survey data, conceptualize and measure religiosity as ranging from low to high on a single measure or a summary index of multiple measures. Other concepts, such as 'lived religion,' 'believing without belonging,' or 'fuzzy fidelity' emphasize what scholars have noted for decades: humans are rarely consistently low, medium, or high across dimensi…
A Cautionary Tale: Using Propensity Scores to Estimate the Effect of Food Stamps on Food Insecurity
This article uses propensity scores to evaluate the effect of food stamps on food insecurity, a measure of inadequate food supply. It relies on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort. By balancing treatment and comparison groups on covariates, the propensity score method adjusts for bias caused by observed variables. This method may be preferable to regression because it does not rely on a linear functional form to a…
Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman
Commentary is provided on some of the differences and reasons for the differences between the Geronimus and Korenman findings on the economic effects of teenage childbearing as well as on the authors own interpretation of existing data. The disagreements pertain to technical details involving sampling and data analysis. A review of the history and background of research by both research groups is presented. Geronimus and Korenman presented their …
The High Costs of Aggression: Public Expenditures Resulting From Conduct Disorder
Objectives. We explored the economic implications of conduct disorder (CD) among adolescents in 4 poor communities in the United States. We examined a range of expenditures related to this disorder across multiple public sectors, including mental health, general health, school, and juvenile justice. Methods. We used self- and parental-report data to estimate expenditures during a 7-year period in late adolescence of a sample of youths. We contras…
Explaining the disparity in placement instability among African-American and white children in child welfare: A Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition
Can Better Mental Health Services Reduce the Risk of Juvenile Justice System Involvement
Objectives. We evaluated how improved mental health services affect justice involvement among juveniles treated in the public mental health system. Methods. Our analyses were based on administrative and interview data collected in 2 communities participating in the evaluation of a national initiative designed to improve mental health services for children and youths. Results. Results derived from Cox proportional hazard models suggested that bett…
The Effect of the Zero to Three Court Teams Initiative on Types of Exits From the Foster Care System — A Competing Risks Analysis
Developmental Psychology and Public Policy: Progress and Prospects
This article outlines a framework for developmentally oriented policy research. Drawing from U. Bronfenbrenner's (1995) dynamic developmental systems theory, the authors suggest ways in which the key tenets of process, persons, context, and time can inform policy research in developmental psychology and can be used to support a causal interpretation of the results of those analyses. Conceptualizing public policies from a dynamic developmental sys…
The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring
E. Michael Foster, Damon Jones, Saul D. Hoffman, The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring?, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 163-174
The Most Disadvantaged Children: Trends over Time
Using national data on children and their families, this article examines trends in childhood disadvantage from 1968 to 1992. Reflecting recent research in developmental psychology, our analyses focus on children exposed to multiple disadvantages. Of particular interest are children we describe as most disadvantaged‐those living in poor families receiving welfare headed by a jobless female. Our analyses indicate striking growth in the proportion …
Nonmarital births and single mothers: Cohort trends in the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing
It is no secret that the proportion of births in the U.S. that are nonmarital has been rising steadily for the past several decades. But what about the proportion of women who have nonmarital births? How has it changed over time? There is, in fact, no necessary relationship between the two proportions; rather, the relationship reflects what we refer to as the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing over the life-course. In this article, we use new da…
Does Participation in Music and Performing Arts Influence Child Development
This article reconsiders the association between childhood arts participation and cognitive and developmental outcomes. Using data from a large, nationally representative sample with extensive covariates, we employ propensity score weighting to adjust comparisons of children who do and do not participate in arts education (music and performing arts lessons) to address potential confounding from selection into arts education. We examine a broad ra…
The effect of WIC on breastfeeding: A new look at an established relationship
Trends in Multiple and Overlapping Disadvantages among Head Start Enrollees
Instrumental Variables for Logistic Regression: An Illustration
The Effects of Breastfeeding Exclusivity on Early Childhood Outcomes
Objectives. We examined the relationship between breastfeeding exclusivity and duration and children’s health and cognitive outcomes at ages 2 and 4 years. Methods. We used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Birth Cohort, a nationally representative sample of 10 700 children born in the United States in 2001. Parent interviews and child assessments were conducted in measurement waves at 9 months, 2 years, 4 years, and in kindergarten, with th…
New methods for new questions: Obstacles and opportunities
Two forces motivate this special section, "New Methods for New Questions in Developmental Psychology." First are recent developments in social science methodology and the increasing availability of those methods in common software packages. Second, at the same time psychologists' understanding of developmental phenomena has continued to grow. At their best, these developments in theory and methods work in tandem, fueling each other. Newer methods…
Can system integration improve mental health outcomes for children and youth
Evaluation of the Connecticut Title IV-E Waiver Program: Assessing the Effectiveness, Implementation Fidelity, and Cost/Benefits of a Continuum of Care
Most Disadvantaged Children: Who Are They and Where Do They Live
This paper examines the prevalence of multiple and overlapping family-level disadvantages among children and describes the neighborhoods where most disadvantaged children live. The figures presented are based on the experiences of a sample of 5,000 children drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We identify most disadvantaged children using four family-level disadvantages: living in a family that is poor, that is headed by a woman, that r…
The value of reanalysis and replication: Introduction to special section
In their 2007 article in this journal, Duncan et al. examined 6 longitudinal data sets to gauge the links between 3 key elements of readiness at school entry (academic, attention, and socioemotional skills) and later achievement. Across all 6 data sets, the strongest predictors of later achievement were school-entry math, reading, and attention skills. Social skills and internalizing and externalizing behavior did not predict subsequent achieveme…
The U-shaped relationship between complexity and usefulness: A commentary
The relationship between complexity and usefulness can be captured by a U-shaped curve. This comment explores that relationship. Complexity may be useful for one of the main aims of developmental psychology (causal inference) but not for another (description of developmental phenomena). Currently, developmentalists conduct complex analyses that are not useful in pursuing either aim: The analyses are too complex to produce good description, and th…
Families Under Economic Pressure
Within a context of increasing economic pressure in rural America, this study assesses family responses to this change and their consequences from the perspective of the household economy in middle-class families. It draws on the findings of largely separate fields of inquiry, including those on income level and loss, unemployment, and economic adjustments. Using survey and observational data on two-parent families in a midwestern rural county, t…
How should sociologists treat Becker'sTreatise on the Family
Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing: Response to Geronimus and Korenman
Commentary is provided on some of the differences and reasons for the differences between the Geronimus and Korenman findings on the economic effects of teenage childbearing as well as on the authors own interpretation of existing data. The disagreements pertain to technical details involving sampling and data analysis. A review of the history and background of research by both research groups is presented. Geronimus and Korenman presented their …
Why Teens Do Not Benefit from Work Experience Programs: Evidence from Brother Comparisons
Social scientists' research on the consequences of teenage employment suggests that government programs providing teenagers with work experience should have worked better than they have. One explanation is that the government failed to deliver an otherwise effective treatment. This article considers three alternative explanations. The first is that the apparent benefits of working during the teenage years are illusory, reflecting only unmeasured …
Nonmarital births and single mothers: Cohort trends in the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing
It is no secret that the proportion of births in the U.S. that are nonmarital has been rising steadily for the past several decades. But what about the proportion of women who have nonmarital births? How has it changed over time? There is, in fact, no necessary relationship between the two proportions; rather, the relationship reflects what we refer to as the dynamics of nonmarital childbearing over the life-course. In this article, we use new da…
Instrumental Variables for Logistic Regression: An Illustration
Most Disadvantaged Children: Who Are They and Where Do They Live
This paper examines the prevalence of multiple and overlapping family-level disadvantages among children and describes the neighborhoods where most disadvantaged children live. The figures presented are based on the experiences of a sample of 5,000 children drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We identify most disadvantaged children using four family-level disadvantages: living in a family that is poor, that is headed by a woman, that r…
The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring
E. Michael Foster, Damon Jones, Saul D. Hoffman, The Economic Impact of Nonmarital Childbearing: How Are Older, Single Mothers Faring?, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Feb., 1998), pp. 163-174
The Most Disadvantaged Children: Trends over Time
Using national data on children and their families, this article examines trends in childhood disadvantage from 1968 to 1992. Reflecting recent research in developmental psychology, our analyses focus on children exposed to multiple disadvantages. Of particular interest are children we describe as most disadvantaged‐those living in poor families receiving welfare headed by a jobless female. Our analyses indicate striking growth in the proportion …
Parenting in Context: Impact of Neighborhood Poverty, Residential Stability, Public Services, Social Networks, and Danger on Parental Behaviors
This prospective longitudinal study examined the unique and combined effects of neighborhood characteristics on parental behaviors in the context of more distal and more proximal influences. With a sample of 368 mothers from high-risk communities in 4 parts of the United States, this study examined relations between race (African American or European American), locality (urban or rural), neighborhood characteristics, family context, and child pro…
Trends in Multiple and Overlapping Disadvantages among Head Start Enrollees
Benefit-Cost Analyses of the Child Welfare Demonstration Projects: Understanding the Resource Implications of the IV-E Waivers
Evaluation of the Connecticut Title IV-E Waiver Program: Assessing the Effectiveness, Implementation Fidelity, and Cost/Benefits of a Continuum of Care
Issues in the Economic Evaluation of Prevention Programs
Economic analysis plays an increasingly important role in prevention research. In this article, we describe one form of economic analysis, a cost analysis. Such an analysis captures not only the direct costs of an intervention but also its impact on the broader social costs of the illness or problem targeted. The key question is whether the direct costs are offset by reductions in the other, morbidity-related costs, such as the use of expensive s…
Propensity Score Matching: An Illustrative Analysis of Dose Response
BACKGROUND: Health services researchers are often interested in the effect of a treatment or a service in situations in which randomization is difficult or impossible. One useful alternative involves propensity score methods, a means for matching members of different groups based on a range of characteristics. Under certain assumptions, comparisons of the matched groups reveal the impact of the treatment of interest. OBJECTIVES: This article revi…
Can Better Mental Health Services Reduce the Risk of Juvenile Justice System Involvement
Objectives. We evaluated how improved mental health services affect justice involvement among juveniles treated in the public mental health system. Methods. Our analyses were based on administrative and interview data collected in 2 communities participating in the evaluation of a national initiative designed to improve mental health services for children and youths. Results. Results derived from Cox proportional hazard models suggested that bett…
On Your Own without a Net: The Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations
The High Costs of Aggression: Public Expenditures Resulting From Conduct Disorder
Objectives. We explored the economic implications of conduct disorder (CD) among adolescents in 4 poor communities in the United States. We examined a range of expenditures related to this disorder across multiple public sectors, including mental health, general health, school, and juvenile justice. Methods. We used self- and parental-report data to estimate expenditures during a 7-year period in late adolescence of a sample of youths. We contras…
Developmental Psychology and Public Policy: Progress and Prospects
This article outlines a framework for developmentally oriented policy research. Drawing from U. Bronfenbrenner's (1995) dynamic developmental systems theory, the authors suggest ways in which the key tenets of process, persons, context, and time can inform policy research in developmental psychology and can be used to support a causal interpretation of the results of those analyses. Conceptualizing public policies from a dynamic developmental sys…
Special Reviewers
A Cautionary Tale: Using Propensity Scores to Estimate the Effect of Food Stamps on Food Insecurity
This article uses propensity scores to evaluate the effect of food stamps on food insecurity, a measure of inadequate food supply. It relies on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort. By balancing treatment and comparison groups on covariates, the propensity score method adjusts for bias caused by observed variables. This method may be preferable to regression because it does not rely on a linear functional form to a…
Risk and Resilience: Adaptations in Changing Times - Edited by Ingrid Schoon
Can system integration improve mental health outcomes for children and youth
Measuring Time Costs in Interventions Designed to Reduce Behavior Problems Among Children and Youth
The economic evaluation of psychosocial interventions is a growing area of research. Though time costs are central to the economist's understanding of social costs, these costs generally have been ignored by prevention scientists. This article highlights the need to measure such costs and then reviews the principles economists use in valuing time. It then considers the specific time costs that often arise in interventions designed to reduce behav…
The costs of a public health infrastructure for delivering parenting and family support
Psychology (33 obras) · Medicine (22 obras) · Developmental psychology (17 obras) · Political science (17 obras) · Economics (14 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Demography (12 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Psychiatry (10 obras) · Demography (9 obras)