William Roche
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 983798 |
|---|---|
| NOME | William Roche |
| PRENOMES | William |
| SOBRENOME | Roche |
| ASSINATURA | ROCHE W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Texas Christian University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0135-0788 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 15 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 17 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 15 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1992 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Inference to the Best Explanation, Bayesianism, and the Screening-Off Challenge
In their 2013 paper, William Roche and Elliott Sober used Bayesian confirmation theory and the probabilistic concept of screening-off to pose problems for the epistemological theory of Inference to the Best Explanation. Several philosophers replied to those criticisms and Roche and Sober refined and extended their critique in subsequent papers. This article assesses where the debate now stands
Changing face of public agencies in workplace conflict resolution
This six‐country study includes examination of the institutional context in which public agencies for conflict resolution operate; the internal and external pressures for change in the activities of these agencies, including the shift from collective to individual forms of workplace conflict; the extent to which the changes being introduced are altering the traditional organizational character or culture of these bodies; and the effects of the pa…
Purely Probabilistic Measures of Explanatory Power
All extant purely probabilistic measures of explanatory power satisfy the following technical condition: if Pr(E | H1) > Pr(E | H2) and Pr(E | ∼H1)
Hypotheses that attribute false beliefs
Why expect organisms that have beliefs to have false beliefs? And if an organism occasionally occupies a neural state that encodes a perceptual belief, how do you evaluate hypotheses about the state's semantic content, where some of those hypotheses attribute beliefs that are sometimes false while others attribute beliefs that are always true? To address the first of these questions, we discuss evolution by natural selection. To address the secon…
Disjunction and distality
Authority without privilege
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Ireland and the US Model
This article examines whether organizations in Ireland are following their counterparts in the United States and adopting advanced conflict management innovations inspired by alternative dispute resolution. The authors find that the general pattern in Ireland is for organizations to change conflict management practices in a reactive, piecemeal manner that seldom involves any proactive or strategic action. They also identify a small group of organ…
Is there a place in Bayesian confirmation theory for the Reverse Matthew Effect
Foundationalism with infinite regresses of probabilistic support
Fading Foundations
David Atkinson and Jeanne Peijnenburg, hereafter ‘A&P’, are explicit on their overall purpose in Fading Foundations. They write: Our overall purpose here is to show how our understanding of infinite epistemic chains benefits from an analysis of justification in terms of probability theory. It has been often assumed that epistemic justification is probabilistic in character, but we think that the consequences of this assumption for the epistemic r…
Information and Inaccuracy
This article proposes a new interpretation of mutual information (MI). We examine three extant interpretations of MI by reduction in doubt, by reduction in uncertainty, and by divergence. We argue that the first two are inconsistent with the epistemic value of information (EVI) assumed in many applications of MI: the greater is the amount of information we acquire, the better is our epistemic position, other things being equal. The third interpre…
Explanation = Unification? A New Criticism of Friedman’s Theory and a Reply to an Old One
According to Michael Friedman’s theory of explanation, a law X explains laws Y 1 , Y 2 , ..., Y n precisely when X unifies the Y ’s, where unification is understood in terms of reducing the number of independently acceptable laws. Philip Kitcher criticized Friedman’s theory but did not analyze the concept of independent acceptability. Here we show that Kitcher’s objection can be met by modifying an element in Friedman’s account. In addition, we a…
Introspection and Consciousness
Journal Article Introspection and Consciousness Get access Introspection and Consciousness. edited bySmithies Declan & Stoljar Daniel. (Oxford: OUP, 2012. Pp. x + 425. Price $78.00.) Michael Roche, Michael Roche *Mississippi State University, USA E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar William Roche William Roche †Texas Christian University, USA Search for other works by this author on:…
Dwindling Confirmation
We show that as a chain of confirmation becomes longer, confirmation dwindles under screening-off. For example, if E confirms H1, H1 confirms H2, and H1 screens off E from H2, then the degree to which E confirms H2 is less than the degree to which E confirms H1. Although there are many measures of confirmation, our result holds on any measure that satisfies the Weak Law of Likelihood. We apply our result to testimony cases, relate it to the Data-…
Working Time in Transition
1. From Standardization to Flexibility Changes in the Political Economy of Working Time - Karl Hinrichs, William Roche, and Carmen Sirianni 2. Working Time Development in West Germany: Departure to a New Stage - Karl Hinrichs 3. Working Time Policies in France - Jean-Pierre Jallade 4. The Chimera of Changing Employee Time Preferences: Working Hours In British Industrial Relations since the Second World War - William Roche 5. Where Have All the Ho…
Information and Inaccuracy
This article proposes a new interpretation of mutual information (MI). We examine three extant interpretations of MI by reduction in doubt, by reduction in uncertainty, and by divergence. We argue that the first two are inconsistent with the epistemic value of information (EVI) assumed in many applications of MI: the greater is the amount of information we acquire, the better is our epistemic position, other things being equal. The third interpre…
Dwindling Confirmation
We show that as a chain of confirmation becomes longer, confirmation dwindles under screening-off. For example, if E confirms H1, H1 confirms H2, and H1 screens off E from H2, then the degree to which E confirms H2 is less than the degree to which E confirms H1. Although there are many measures of confirmation, our result holds on any measure that satisfies the Weak Law of Likelihood. We apply our result to testimony cases, relate it to the Data-…
Purely Probabilistic Measures of Explanatory Power
All extant purely probabilistic measures of explanatory power satisfy the following technical condition: if Pr(E | H1) > Pr(E | H2) and Pr(E | ∼H1)
Disjunction and distality
Is there a place in Bayesian confirmation theory for the Reverse Matthew Effect
Foundationalism with infinite regresses of probabilistic support
Working Time in Transition
1. From Standardization to Flexibility Changes in the Political Economy of Working Time - Karl Hinrichs, William Roche, and Carmen Sirianni 2. Working Time Development in West Germany: Departure to a New Stage - Karl Hinrichs 3. Working Time Policies in France - Jean-Pierre Jallade 4. The Chimera of Changing Employee Time Preferences: Working Hours In British Industrial Relations since the Second World War - William Roche 5. Where Have All the Ho…
Dwindling Confirmation
We show that as a chain of confirmation becomes longer, confirmation dwindles under screening-off. For example, if E confirms H1, H1 confirms H2, and H1 screens off E from H2, then the degree to which E confirms H2 is less than the degree to which E confirms H1. Although there are many measures of confirmation, our result holds on any measure that satisfies the Weak Law of Likelihood. We apply our result to testimony cases, relate it to the Data-…
Introspection and Consciousness
Journal Article Introspection and Consciousness Get access Introspection and Consciousness. edited bySmithies Declan & Stoljar Daniel. (Oxford: OUP, 2012. Pp. x + 425. Price $78.00.) Michael Roche, Michael Roche *Mississippi State University, USA E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar William Roche William Roche †Texas Christian University, USA Search for other works by this author on:…
Explanation = Unification? A New Criticism of Friedman’s Theory and a Reply to an Old One
According to Michael Friedman’s theory of explanation, a law X explains laws Y 1 , Y 2 , ..., Y n precisely when X unifies the Y ’s, where unification is understood in terms of reducing the number of independently acceptable laws. Philip Kitcher criticized Friedman’s theory but did not analyze the concept of independent acceptability. Here we show that Kitcher’s objection can be met by modifying an element in Friedman’s account. In addition, we a…
Is there a place in Bayesian confirmation theory for the Reverse Matthew Effect
Foundationalism with infinite regresses of probabilistic support
Fading Foundations
David Atkinson and Jeanne Peijnenburg, hereafter ‘A&P’, are explicit on their overall purpose in Fading Foundations. They write: Our overall purpose here is to show how our understanding of infinite epistemic chains benefits from an analysis of justification in terms of probability theory. It has been often assumed that epistemic justification is probabilistic in character, but we think that the consequences of this assumption for the epistemic r…
Information and Inaccuracy
This article proposes a new interpretation of mutual information (MI). We examine three extant interpretations of MI by reduction in doubt, by reduction in uncertainty, and by divergence. We argue that the first two are inconsistent with the epistemic value of information (EVI) assumed in many applications of MI: the greater is the amount of information we acquire, the better is our epistemic position, other things being equal. The third interpre…
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Ireland and the US Model
This article examines whether organizations in Ireland are following their counterparts in the United States and adopting advanced conflict management innovations inspired by alternative dispute resolution. The authors find that the general pattern in Ireland is for organizations to change conflict management practices in a reactive, piecemeal manner that seldom involves any proactive or strategic action. They also identify a small group of organ…
Hypotheses that attribute false beliefs
Why expect organisms that have beliefs to have false beliefs? And if an organism occasionally occupies a neural state that encodes a perceptual belief, how do you evaluate hypotheses about the state's semantic content, where some of those hypotheses attribute beliefs that are sometimes false while others attribute beliefs that are always true? To address the first of these questions, we discuss evolution by natural selection. To address the secon…
Disjunction and distality
Authority without privilege
Changing face of public agencies in workplace conflict resolution
This six‐country study includes examination of the institutional context in which public agencies for conflict resolution operate; the internal and external pressures for change in the activities of these agencies, including the shift from collective to individual forms of workplace conflict; the extent to which the changes being introduced are altering the traditional organizational character or culture of these bodies; and the effects of the pa…
Purely Probabilistic Measures of Explanatory Power
All extant purely probabilistic measures of explanatory power satisfy the following technical condition: if Pr(E | H1) > Pr(E | H2) and Pr(E | ∼H1)
Inference to the Best Explanation, Bayesianism, and the Screening-Off Challenge
In their 2013 paper, William Roche and Elliott Sober used Bayesian confirmation theory and the probabilistic concept of screening-off to pose problems for the epistemological theory of Inference to the Best Explanation. Several philosophers replied to those criticisms and Roche and Sober refined and extended their critique in subsequent papers. This article assesses where the debate now stands
Epistemology (10 obras) · Philosophy (10 obras) · Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics (9 obras) · Computer Science (8 obras) · Philosophy and History of Science (8 obras) · Mathematical economics (6 obras) · Mathematics (6 obras) · Philosophy of science (5 obras) · Political science (5 obras) · Economics (4 obras)