Patrick Rafail
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 99050 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Patrick Rafail |
| PRENOMES | Patrick |
| SOBRENOME | Rafail |
| ASSINATURA | RAFAIL P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Tulane University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8822-4900 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 164 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2008 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Does carnival contribute to crime? Examining the spatiotemporal effects of Mardi Gras on New Orleans Crime Trends (2012–2024)
Polarizing Feedback Loops on Twitter
Political polarization has proliferated online. Scholars have identified multiple types of polarizing speech, which elicit stronger public reactions on social media platforms. Little research has focused on how social media platforms might hasten growing partisanship among both elites and the public. The authors examine these dynamics using a sample of 134,442 tweets posted by 527 members of Congress in the period surrounding the 2022 midterm ele…
Community Contexts Predicting Fatal Police Shootings of Youth, 2014-2018
Between 2014 and 2018, at least 974 youth were fatally shot by the police. Racial disparities in fatal police shootings (FPS) have been well-established in existing research, but less attention has been paid to patterns in fatal police encounters with youth. This study uses a multisource and externally validated research design to track cases of FPS for individuals aged between 10 and 24. Cases were geocoded to the county-level and linked to mult…
Physical disorder and crime revisited
Issueless Campus Riots
Serious public disorders on or near US college and university campuses became common in the mid-1990s and have remained widespread. This research examines the structural conditions of campus communities where disorders are more likely to occur, drawing on findings from earlier work on racial disorders occurring in American cities during the 1960s. We propose several predictors of disorderly events, including concentrated student populations, alco…
Local Receptivity Climates and the Dynamics of Media Attention to Protest
Research on media attention to social movements generally examines a small sample of media outlets and a diverse sample of protest events. This approach has produced significant insight into the type of protests covered by the media but has minimized the role of media organizations. This study flips the approach taken by prior work: we examine coverage patterns of 1,498 nationally coordinated but highly comparable vigils against the Iraq War in 4…
Grievance Articulation and Community Reactions in the Men's Rights Movement Online
The Men's Rights movements have grown extensively in the last four decades. Social media platforms, especially online communities, have been instrumental in the rise of the movement. Despite this, few studies have directly examined how the Men's Rights movement frames its grievance in online spaces or analyzed community reactions to user-contributed content. To fill these gaps, we analyze 70,580 posts contributed to /r/MensRights, a large communi…
A Long Road to Freedom
Research on criminal exoneration, a judicial declaration of innocence post-conviction, has emphasized the demographics of exonerees and the evidentiary bases of exoneration. Few studies have analyzed the temporal gap between conviction and exoneration. Using data from 1,654 exonerees, we estimate a multilevel Cox model, indicating that African Americans are exonerated significantly more slowly than whites. We also show extensive place-based varia…
Making the Tea Party Republican
Research on the Tea Party emphasizes the role of Fox News in magnifying the movement’s early successes. Fox News is credited with legitimizing the Tea Party’s grievances, allowing the movement to make rapid inroads into the Republican Party. We argue that such depictions of the Tea Party’s relationship to the Republican Party are at least partially the product of an oversimplified media narrative emphasizing the seamless integration of the two. W…
Protest in the city
Accessible space is a necessary component of urban protest. Little research, however, has examined the spatial evolution of protest activity over time. Much of the existing research emphasises the legal right to protest, however, less effort has been made to examine how micro-contexts may facilitate or impede dissent. This research focuses on how the built environment of cities can serve as either attractors or detractors of protest using a uniqu…
What a Story
Despite efforts by protesters to develop newsworthy tactics, there is ample evidence that reporters use a few well-defined scripts to construct stories on these events. The institutionalization of protest has only served to amplify the routinization of media coverage. How then do reporters address emergent forms of collective action that fail to conform to existing scripts? The current research investigates this phenomenon by comparing the langua…
Nonprobability Sampling and Twitter
Twitter data are widely used in the social sciences. The Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) allows researchers to build large databases of user activity efficiently. Despite the potential of Twitter as a data source, less attention has been paid to issues of sampling, and in particular, the implications of different sampling strategies on overall data quality. This research proposes a set of conceptual distinctions between four types…
Permeable Participation
Civic engagement and protest mobilization have generally been treated as distinct activities, with separate literatures examining each form of participation. This differentiation largely rests on the political nature of protest, which is treated as inconsistent with more apolitical civic engagement. We argue that the boundaries between protest participation and civic engagement became more permeable over time. We link this to consistency in the p…
Policy spillover and the policing of protest in New York City, 1960–2006
Scholars have suggested that the policing of protest have become more permissive in Western democracies since the 1960s. While widely accepted, studies affirming a softening of police conduct have focused on national trends despite awareness that police tactics have unevenly diffused across the USA. This study examines the temporal trends in protest policing in New York City to evaluate how and why the dominant strategies of protest control have …
Family Size, Cognitive Outcomes, and Familial Interaction in Stable, Two-Parent Families
Measures of children’s time use, particularly with parents and siblings, are used to evaluate three hypotheses in relation to the vocabulary and mathematical skills development: (1) the resource dilution hypothesis, which argues that parental and household resources are diluted in larger families; (2) the confluence hypothesis, which suggests that the intellectual milieu of families is lowered with additional children; and (3) the admixture (“no …
Empowered Participation or Political Manipulation
Measurement models of women’s autonomy using the 1998/1999 India DHS
Describing and Accounting for the Trends in US Protest Policing, 1960−1995
Numerous scholars have observed a decline in more coercive police tactics used to control demonstrations since the 1960s in North America and Western Europe. Such claims, however, are largely based on rather unsystematic observation, and almost no research directly examines the evolution of protest policing during this entire period. To address this gap, the authors use semiparametric logistic regression to examine reported police presence, the u…
Asymmetry in Protest Control? Comparing Protest Policing Patterns in Montreal, Toronto, And Vancouver, 1998-2004
Scholars have argued that since the 1960s, protest policing in Western democracies has moved toward emphasizing cooperative relationships with challenging groups. This evolution is referred to as the negotiated management model of protest control. Much of the literature that informs this perspective is based on either analyses of a limited subset of demonstrations or from national-level observation. Few studies have examined whether negotiated ma…
The Structure of Material Hardship in U.S. Households
Motivated by the growing interest in and the usage of measures of material hardship, together with the lack of a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the how indicators of material hardship relate to one another, we develop and test five conceptual models of the structural coherence of material hardship. While many previous analyses have relied on a unidimensional model of hardship, we argue that this is not conceptually and empirically suf…
Assessing Stability in the Patterns of Selection Bias in Newspaper Coverage of Protest During the Transition from Communism in Belarus
Analyses of selection bias in the coverage of protest events in Minsk, Belarus between 1990 and 1995 are presented. The rapid changes characterizing Minsk during its transition from Communism made it an ideal location for investigating the stability of the patterns of selection bias. Police records of 817 protest events were used to create a protest event dataset, and Minsk's four daily newspapers were read for the entire period in order to estab…
The Structure of Material Hardship in U.S. Households
Motivated by the growing interest in and the usage of measures of material hardship, together with the lack of a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the how indicators of material hardship relate to one another, we develop and test five conceptual models of the structural coherence of material hardship. While many previous analyses have relied on a unidimensional model of hardship, we argue that this is not conceptually and empirically suf…
Describing and Accounting for the Trends in US Protest Policing, 1960−1995
Numerous scholars have observed a decline in more coercive police tactics used to control demonstrations since the 1960s in North America and Western Europe. Such claims, however, are largely based on rather unsystematic observation, and almost no research directly examines the evolution of protest policing during this entire period. To address this gap, the authors use semiparametric logistic regression to examine reported police presence, the u…
Assessing Stability in the Patterns of Selection Bias in Newspaper Coverage of Protest During the Transition from Communism in Belarus
Analyses of selection bias in the coverage of protest events in Minsk, Belarus between 1990 and 1995 are presented. The rapid changes characterizing Minsk during its transition from Communism made it an ideal location for investigating the stability of the patterns of selection bias. Police records of 817 protest events were used to create a protest event dataset, and Minsk's four daily newspapers were read for the entire period in order to estab…
Nonprobability Sampling and Twitter
Twitter data are widely used in the social sciences. The Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) allows researchers to build large databases of user activity efficiently. Despite the potential of Twitter as a data source, less attention has been paid to issues of sampling, and in particular, the implications of different sampling strategies on overall data quality. This research proposes a set of conceptual distinctions between four types…
Asymmetry in Protest Control? Comparing Protest Policing Patterns in Montreal, Toronto, And Vancouver, 1998-2004
Scholars have argued that since the 1960s, protest policing in Western democracies has moved toward emphasizing cooperative relationships with challenging groups. This evolution is referred to as the negotiated management model of protest control. Much of the literature that informs this perspective is based on either analyses of a limited subset of demonstrations or from national-level observation. Few studies have examined whether negotiated ma…
Grievance Articulation and Community Reactions in the Men's Rights Movement Online
The Men's Rights movements have grown extensively in the last four decades. Social media platforms, especially online communities, have been instrumental in the rise of the movement. Despite this, few studies have directly examined how the Men's Rights movement frames its grievance in online spaces or analyzed community reactions to user-contributed content. To fill these gaps, we analyze 70,580 posts contributed to /r/MensRights, a large communi…
Family Size, Cognitive Outcomes, and Familial Interaction in Stable, Two-Parent Families
Measures of children’s time use, particularly with parents and siblings, are used to evaluate three hypotheses in relation to the vocabulary and mathematical skills development: (1) the resource dilution hypothesis, which argues that parental and household resources are diluted in larger families; (2) the confluence hypothesis, which suggests that the intellectual milieu of families is lowered with additional children; and (3) the admixture (“no …
Measurement models of women’s autonomy using the 1998/1999 India DHS
Local Receptivity Climates and the Dynamics of Media Attention to Protest
Research on media attention to social movements generally examines a small sample of media outlets and a diverse sample of protest events. This approach has produced significant insight into the type of protests covered by the media but has minimized the role of media organizations. This study flips the approach taken by prior work: we examine coverage patterns of 1,498 nationally coordinated but highly comparable vigils against the Iraq War in 4…
Policy spillover and the policing of protest in New York City, 1960–2006
Scholars have suggested that the policing of protest have become more permissive in Western democracies since the 1960s. While widely accepted, studies affirming a softening of police conduct have focused on national trends despite awareness that police tactics have unevenly diffused across the USA. This study examines the temporal trends in protest policing in New York City to evaluate how and why the dominant strategies of protest control have …
Polarizing Feedback Loops on Twitter
Political polarization has proliferated online. Scholars have identified multiple types of polarizing speech, which elicit stronger public reactions on social media platforms. Little research has focused on how social media platforms might hasten growing partisanship among both elites and the public. The authors examine these dynamics using a sample of 134,442 tweets posted by 527 members of Congress in the period surrounding the 2022 midterm ele…
Community Contexts Predicting Fatal Police Shootings of Youth, 2014-2018
Between 2014 and 2018, at least 974 youth were fatally shot by the police. Racial disparities in fatal police shootings (FPS) have been well-established in existing research, but less attention has been paid to patterns in fatal police encounters with youth. This study uses a multisource and externally validated research design to track cases of FPS for individuals aged between 10 and 24. Cases were geocoded to the county-level and linked to mult…
A Long Road to Freedom
Research on criminal exoneration, a judicial declaration of innocence post-conviction, has emphasized the demographics of exonerees and the evidentiary bases of exoneration. Few studies have analyzed the temporal gap between conviction and exoneration. Using data from 1,654 exonerees, we estimate a multilevel Cox model, indicating that African Americans are exonerated significantly more slowly than whites. We also show extensive place-based varia…
Making the Tea Party Republican
Research on the Tea Party emphasizes the role of Fox News in magnifying the movement’s early successes. Fox News is credited with legitimizing the Tea Party’s grievances, allowing the movement to make rapid inroads into the Republican Party. We argue that such depictions of the Tea Party’s relationship to the Republican Party are at least partially the product of an oversimplified media narrative emphasizing the seamless integration of the two. W…
Protest in the city
Accessible space is a necessary component of urban protest. Little research, however, has examined the spatial evolution of protest activity over time. Much of the existing research emphasises the legal right to protest, however, less effort has been made to examine how micro-contexts may facilitate or impede dissent. This research focuses on how the built environment of cities can serve as either attractors or detractors of protest using a uniqu…
Permeable Participation
Civic engagement and protest mobilization have generally been treated as distinct activities, with separate literatures examining each form of participation. This differentiation largely rests on the political nature of protest, which is treated as inconsistent with more apolitical civic engagement. We argue that the boundaries between protest participation and civic engagement became more permeable over time. We link this to consistency in the p…
Physical disorder and crime revisited
Assessing Stability in the Patterns of Selection Bias in Newspaper Coverage of Protest During the Transition from Communism in Belarus
Analyses of selection bias in the coverage of protest events in Minsk, Belarus between 1990 and 1995 are presented. The rapid changes characterizing Minsk during its transition from Communism made it an ideal location for investigating the stability of the patterns of selection bias. Police records of 817 protest events were used to create a protest event dataset, and Minsk's four daily newspapers were read for the entire period in order to estab…
The Structure of Material Hardship in U.S. Households
Motivated by the growing interest in and the usage of measures of material hardship, together with the lack of a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the how indicators of material hardship relate to one another, we develop and test five conceptual models of the structural coherence of material hardship. While many previous analyses have relied on a unidimensional model of hardship, we argue that this is not conceptually and empirically suf…
Asymmetry in Protest Control? Comparing Protest Policing Patterns in Montreal, Toronto, And Vancouver, 1998-2004
Scholars have argued that since the 1960s, protest policing in Western democracies has moved toward emphasizing cooperative relationships with challenging groups. This evolution is referred to as the negotiated management model of protest control. Much of the literature that informs this perspective is based on either analyses of a limited subset of demonstrations or from national-level observation. Few studies have examined whether negotiated ma…
Describing and Accounting for the Trends in US Protest Policing, 1960−1995
Numerous scholars have observed a decline in more coercive police tactics used to control demonstrations since the 1960s in North America and Western Europe. Such claims, however, are largely based on rather unsystematic observation, and almost no research directly examines the evolution of protest policing during this entire period. To address this gap, the authors use semiparametric logistic regression to examine reported police presence, the u…
Measurement models of women’s autonomy using the 1998/1999 India DHS
Policy spillover and the policing of protest in New York City, 1960–2006
Scholars have suggested that the policing of protest have become more permissive in Western democracies since the 1960s. While widely accepted, studies affirming a softening of police conduct have focused on national trends despite awareness that police tactics have unevenly diffused across the USA. This study examines the temporal trends in protest policing in New York City to evaluate how and why the dominant strategies of protest control have …
Family Size, Cognitive Outcomes, and Familial Interaction in Stable, Two-Parent Families
Measures of children’s time use, particularly with parents and siblings, are used to evaluate three hypotheses in relation to the vocabulary and mathematical skills development: (1) the resource dilution hypothesis, which argues that parental and household resources are diluted in larger families; (2) the confluence hypothesis, which suggests that the intellectual milieu of families is lowered with additional children; and (3) the admixture (“no …
Empowered Participation or Political Manipulation
What a Story
Despite efforts by protesters to develop newsworthy tactics, there is ample evidence that reporters use a few well-defined scripts to construct stories on these events. The institutionalization of protest has only served to amplify the routinization of media coverage. How then do reporters address emergent forms of collective action that fail to conform to existing scripts? The current research investigates this phenomenon by comparing the langua…
Nonprobability Sampling and Twitter
Twitter data are widely used in the social sciences. The Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) allows researchers to build large databases of user activity efficiently. Despite the potential of Twitter as a data source, less attention has been paid to issues of sampling, and in particular, the implications of different sampling strategies on overall data quality. This research proposes a set of conceptual distinctions between four types…
Permeable Participation
Civic engagement and protest mobilization have generally been treated as distinct activities, with separate literatures examining each form of participation. This differentiation largely rests on the political nature of protest, which is treated as inconsistent with more apolitical civic engagement. We argue that the boundaries between protest participation and civic engagement became more permeable over time. We link this to consistency in the p…
Making the Tea Party Republican
Research on the Tea Party emphasizes the role of Fox News in magnifying the movement’s early successes. Fox News is credited with legitimizing the Tea Party’s grievances, allowing the movement to make rapid inroads into the Republican Party. We argue that such depictions of the Tea Party’s relationship to the Republican Party are at least partially the product of an oversimplified media narrative emphasizing the seamless integration of the two. W…
Protest in the city
Accessible space is a necessary component of urban protest. Little research, however, has examined the spatial evolution of protest activity over time. Much of the existing research emphasises the legal right to protest, however, less effort has been made to examine how micro-contexts may facilitate or impede dissent. This research focuses on how the built environment of cities can serve as either attractors or detractors of protest using a uniqu…
Local Receptivity Climates and the Dynamics of Media Attention to Protest
Research on media attention to social movements generally examines a small sample of media outlets and a diverse sample of protest events. This approach has produced significant insight into the type of protests covered by the media but has minimized the role of media organizations. This study flips the approach taken by prior work: we examine coverage patterns of 1,498 nationally coordinated but highly comparable vigils against the Iraq War in 4…
Grievance Articulation and Community Reactions in the Men's Rights Movement Online
The Men's Rights movements have grown extensively in the last four decades. Social media platforms, especially online communities, have been instrumental in the rise of the movement. Despite this, few studies have directly examined how the Men's Rights movement frames its grievance in online spaces or analyzed community reactions to user-contributed content. To fill these gaps, we analyze 70,580 posts contributed to /r/MensRights, a large communi…
A Long Road to Freedom
Research on criminal exoneration, a judicial declaration of innocence post-conviction, has emphasized the demographics of exonerees and the evidentiary bases of exoneration. Few studies have analyzed the temporal gap between conviction and exoneration. Using data from 1,654 exonerees, we estimate a multilevel Cox model, indicating that African Americans are exonerated significantly more slowly than whites. We also show extensive place-based varia…
Issueless Campus Riots
Serious public disorders on or near US college and university campuses became common in the mid-1990s and have remained widespread. This research examines the structural conditions of campus communities where disorders are more likely to occur, drawing on findings from earlier work on racial disorders occurring in American cities during the 1960s. We propose several predictors of disorderly events, including concentrated student populations, alco…
Physical disorder and crime revisited
Polarizing Feedback Loops on Twitter
Political polarization has proliferated online. Scholars have identified multiple types of polarizing speech, which elicit stronger public reactions on social media platforms. Little research has focused on how social media platforms might hasten growing partisanship among both elites and the public. The authors examine these dynamics using a sample of 134,442 tweets posted by 527 members of Congress in the period surrounding the 2022 midterm ele…
Community Contexts Predicting Fatal Police Shootings of Youth, 2014-2018
Between 2014 and 2018, at least 974 youth were fatally shot by the police. Racial disparities in fatal police shootings (FPS) have been well-established in existing research, but less attention has been paid to patterns in fatal police encounters with youth. This study uses a multisource and externally validated research design to track cases of FPS for individuals aged between 10 and 24. Cases were geocoded to the county-level and linked to mult…
Does carnival contribute to crime? Examining the spatiotemporal effects of Mardi Gras on New Orleans Crime Trends (2012–2024)
Sociology (17 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Law (9 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (8 obras) · Criminology (7 obras) · Politics (7 obras) · Social Media and Politics (7 obras) · Economics (6 obras) · Psychology (6 obras)