Sanford L Braver
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 99540 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Sanford L Braver |
| PRENOMES | Sanford L |
| SOBRENOME | Braver |
| ASSINATURA | BRAVER S L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Arizona State University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 155 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 40 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1974 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Shared Parenting After Parental Separation
This article summarizes panel discussions that took place at an international conference on shared parenting (SP) held in May 2017. The panelists were internationally recognized experts on the legal and psychological implications of custody arrangements and parenting plans. Seven broad themes dominated the discussions: whether or not there was persuasive evidence that SP provides real benefits to children whose parents separate; what specific fac…
Does Joint Physical Custody “Cause” Children’s Better Outcomes
Policymakers and researchers are concerned with whether joint physical custody (JPC) produces better outcomes for children than sole custody. Although several review articles summarizing up to 61 empirical articles demonstrate very positive answers, many of the research designs used compromise the ability to claim that it is JPC per se—and not selection effects—that causes the effect. We discuss several research design issues, such as propensity …
Associations between parental relocation following separation in childhood and maladjustment in adolescence and young adulthood
Petitions by custodial parents to relocate children away from non-custodial parents present difficult choices for family courts. In the current study, the sample (N = 81) was randomly recruited through the children's schools according to the following criteria: Children were 12 years old and at the time resided primarily with their mothers; mothers had been living with a male partner "acting in a father role" for at least the previous year. Thirt…
Effects of the interparental relationship on adolescents’ emotional security and adjustment
We examined the mediational roles of multiple types of adolescents' emotional security in relations between multiple aspects of the interparental relationship and adolescents' mental health from ages 13 to 16 (N = 392). General marital quality, nonviolent parent conflict, and physical intimate partner violence independently predicted mental health. Security in the father-adolescent relationship, over and above security with the mother and securit…
Child support and the custodial mother’s move or remarriage
Whether a custodial motherâ s new husband earns more or less than the father, economic realities ensure his income will usually affect the childâ s financial well-being, sometimes dramatically. The stepfatherâ s daily contact with the child may be more than the fatherâ s, possibly burdening father's relationship with his child, especially if mother moves with stepfather and child to a distant location. Nonetheless, the law does not usually consid…
Continuously Cumulating Meta-Analysis and Replicability
The current crisis in scientific psychology about whether our findings are irreproducible was presaged years ago by Tversky and Kahneman (1971), who noted that even sophisticated researchers believe in the fallacious Law of Small Numbers—erroneous intuitions about how imprecisely sample data reflect population phenomena. Combined with the low power of most current work, this often leads to the use of misleading criteria about whether an effect ha…
Public intuitions about fair child support allocations
Nearly all American states use one of two systems for setting the amount of child support that noncustodial parents (NCPs) are required to pay to custodial parents (CPs). In previous work, we found that lay judgments of the child support amount the law should require differ in meaningful ways from these two systems: Our respondents favored child support amounts that are more responsive to the NCP’s income and much more responsive to the CP’s inco…
Moral intuitions about fault, parenting, and child custody after divorce
Allocations of child custody postdivorce are currently determined according to the best interest standard; that is, what is best for the child. Decisions about what is best for a child necessarily reflect cultural norms, at least in part. It is therefore useful as well as interesting to ask whether current understandings of the best interest standard align with moral intuitions of lay citizens asked to take the role of judge in hypothetical cases…
He Said What? Guided Cognitive Reframing About the Co‐Resident Father/Stepfather–Adolescent Relationship
We studied young adolescents' seeking out support to understand conflict with their co-resident fathers/stepfathers and the cognitive and affective implications of such support-seeking, phenomena we call guided cognitive reframing. Our sample included 392 adolescents ( M age = 12.5, 52.3% female) who were either of Mexican or European ancestry and lived with their biological mothers and either a stepfather or a biological father. More frequent re…
Marital problems, maternal gatekeeping attitudes, and father–child relationships in adolescence
We evaluated maternal gatekeeping attitudes as a mediator of the relation between marital problems and father-child relationships in 3 waves when children were in Grades 7-10. We assessed each parent's contribution to the marital problems experienced by the couple. Findings from mediational and cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that increased marital problem behaviors on the part of mothers at Wave 1 predicted increased maternal ga…
Six degrees of social influence
Abstract principles and concrete cases in intuitive lawmaking
Citizens awaiting jury service were asked a series of items, in Likert format, to determine their endorsement of various statements about principles to use in setting child support amounts. These twenty items were derived from extant child support systems, from past literature and from Ellman and Ellman's (2008) Theory of Child Support. The twenty items were found to coalesce into four factors (principles). There were pervasive gender differences…
Abstract principles and concrete cases in intuitive lawmaking
Citizens awaiting jury service were asked a series of items, in Likert format, to determine their endorsement of various statements about principles to use in setting child support amounts. These twenty items were derived from extant child support systems, from past literature and from Ellman and Ellman’s (2008) Theory of Child Support. The twenty items were found to coalesce into four factors (principles). There were pervasive gender differences…
Lay judgments about child custody after divorce
In a pair of studies, we examine lay people's judgments about how hypothetical cases involving child custody after divorce should be resolved.The respondents were citizens called to jury service in Pima County, Arizona.Study 1 found that both male and female respondents, if they were the judge, would most commonly award equally shared custody arrangements, as advocated by most fathers' groups.However, if the predivorce child care had been divided…
Predicting readiness to adopt evidence-based programs for divorcing families
This paper attempts to identify the factors that explain service provider readiness to fund and implement evidence-based programs for children from divorcing families. Representatives from 128 family courts in United States counties were surveyed about the programs currently being offered for families of divorce and plans for changes in the services provided. Path analyses provided evidence that readiness to adopt effective programming was predic…
Engaging Fathers in the Post-Divorce Family
Data we collected in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of divorcing families provide an empirical basis for understanding the dynamics of divorced fathering. Our findings focus on the difficult circumstances of divorced fathers, rather than on their defective characters. We find that fathers continue visiting and paying at high levels when they perceive that they retain some degree of paternal authority. The loss of this sense of paternal …
Alcohol abuse and psychopathic deviance in noncustodial parents as predictors of child-support payment and visitation
In a three-stage study, noncustodial parents' psychopathic deviance and alcohol use accounted for significant variance in custodial parents' reports of child support and visitation. In noncustodial parents 'reports' compliance with child support, but not frequency of visitation, was related to measures of deviance. Implications for policy, research, and psychoeducational interventions are discussed
Does the Quality of Mother-Child Relationships Moderate the Effect of Postdivorce Interparental Conflict on Children's Adjustment Problems
The purpose of this study was to determine if the quality of children's relationships with their primary residential par- ents interacts with interparental conflict to predict children's postdi- vorce psychological adjustment problems. It was predicted that a high quality relationship would moderate the relation between inter- parental conflict and children's psychological adjustment problems such that this relation would be significantly attenua…
Understanding Children's Divorce Adjustment from an Ecological Perspective
Using an ecological perspective, the comprehensive effect of divorce variables on children's post-divorce adjustment was investigated. The microsystem, exosystem and overall composite scores accounted for significant proportions of variance in children's self-reported maladjustment and self-esteem, but not in parents' reports of children's maladjustment. The implications for preventive interventions are discussed
Evaluation of a preventive intervention for a self‐selected subpopulation of children
Evaluated an experimental preventive intervention developed for children who perceived their parents as problem drinkers. The 8‐session program was designed to improve children's coping, self‐esteem, and social competence, and modify alcohol expectancies which were specified as mediators of the effects of parental alcohol abuse on child mental health. Participants were 271 self‐selected 4th‐, 5th‐, and 6th‐grade students in 13 schools. The childr…
Who Divorced Whom
An issue of frequent concern to researchers studying the antecedents and consequences of divorce is which spouse decides to terminate the marriage, i.e., who divorced ("dumped") whom. However, researchers have not agreed on how to best operationalize the dumper-dumpee variable. The present study explored the issue with a sample of 378 families. Several alternative operational definitions of the dumper-dumpee variable were examined, including who …
Monotonic hypotheses in multiple group designs
Monotonic hypotheses in multiple group designs
Monotonic hypotheses are predictions about the ordering of group population means. A journal survey revealed that the problem was very common and that there was little uniformity among researchers regarding the statistical test to use. Most of the approaches in the literature to detect both monotonic trend and nonmonotonicity were compared under varying population conditions in a Monte Carlo simulation
Social support in chumships and adjustment in children of divorce
Examined the relations between support from intimate friends or "chums" and stress, age, and gender in predicting psychological adjustment using a sample of 117 8- to 15-year old children who had experienced parental divorce. Both parents and children provided information on children's adjustment. In predicting children's reports of their adjustment, the direct effect of chum support was found to be moderated by children's age. In predicting pare…
Locus of control as a mediator of negative divorce-related events and adjustment problems in children
Beliefs about whether locus of control mediates the relationship between negative divorce-related events and children's adjustment were explored in a group of 78 children and their primary residential parents. In the children's self-reports of adjustment, locus of control was found to be a partial mediator in the relationship. Analyses of the parents' reports of the children's adjustment did not support a mediational model
Volunteer bias in erotica research
Theory‐based screening for prevention
Prevention programs in mental health theoretically can benefit from selecting participants who have a greater likelihood of developing psychological problems because of their exposure to the putative mediators targeted for change in an intervention. Screening on mediators may increase statistical power to detect program effects, enhance the cost-effectiveness of intervention trials, and decrease the possibility of iatrogenic effects. The circumst…
Marital problems, maternal gatekeeping attitudes, and father–child relationships in adolescence
We evaluated maternal gatekeeping attitudes as a mediator of the relation between marital problems and father-child relationships in 3 waves when children were in Grades 7-10. We assessed each parent's contribution to the marital problems experienced by the couple. Findings from mediational and cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that increased marital problem behaviors on the part of mothers at Wave 1 predicted increased maternal ga…
Social support of children of divorce
This study examined the direct and stress-buffering effects of support from family adults, nonfamily adults, family children, and nonfamily children on the adjustment of 104 children of divorce. For children's reports of adjustment, significant stress-buffering (i.e., Stress x Support) interactions for support from family adults and support from nonfamily adults occurred. The lower the level of social support, the stronger the positive relation b…
Effects of the interparental relationship on adolescents’ emotional security and adjustment
We examined the mediational roles of multiple types of adolescents' emotional security in relations between multiple aspects of the interparental relationship and adolescents' mental health from ages 13 to 16 (N = 392). General marital quality, nonviolent parent conflict, and physical intimate partner violence independently predicted mental health. Security in the father-adolescent relationship, over and above security with the mother and securit…
Engaging Fathers in the Post-Divorce Family
Data we collected in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of divorcing families provide an empirical basis for understanding the dynamics of divorced fathering. Our findings focus on the difficult circumstances of divorced fathers, rather than on their defective characters. We find that fathers continue visiting and paying at high levels when they perceive that they retain some degree of paternal authority. The loss of this sense of paternal …
Statistical treatment of the Solomon four-group design
One of the causes of the underuse of the Solomon four-group design may be that the complete details for the statistical analysis have not previously been presented. The primary issue previously unaddressed was how to combine an analysis of the effect of the treatment in the posttest-only groups with the same effect in the pre- and posttest groups (after an earlier phase of the analysis has shown no evidence of pretest sensitization.) A meta-analy…
Choices in Social Dilemmas
In a public-goods game, a variant of the social dilemma, 126 subjects made choices. In an attempt to better represent real-world communication possibilities, two conditions were created. In the subgroup communication condition, subjects were divided into subgroups. Discussion was allowed within but not between the subgroups. A control condition allowed no communication. Results showed that cooperation was significantly increased but not to the le…
Perception of Opponent's Motives and Cooperation in a Mixed-Motive Game
Two studies investigated the effects of the perception of the opponent's motives and incentives to defect on cooperation in a mixed-motive game. Study I varied the perceived goal of the other (by instructions) and the incentive of the other to defect (by payoff values). Study II varied the other's incentive as well as the subject's incentive to defect, both by payoff values. The results indicated that the perceived goal of the other strongly infl…
Assessing and Compensating for Self-Selection Bias (Non-Representativeness) of the Family Research Sample
Sanford L. Braver, R. Curtis Bay, Assessing and Compensating for Self-Selection Bias (Non-Representativeness) of the Family Research Sample, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 54, No. 4 (Nov., 1992), pp. 925-939
Effects of modeling on cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma game
Attributional bias and the easily persuaded other
Lay judgments about child custody after divorce
In a pair of studies, we examine lay people's judgments about how hypothetical cases involving child custody after divorce should be resolved.The respondents were citizens called to jury service in Pima County, Arizona.Study 1 found that both male and female respondents, if they were the judge, would most commonly award equally shared custody arrangements, as advocated by most fathers' groups.However, if the predivorce child care had been divided…
Small theory and the strategic choices of prevention research
Our comments on the discussion of mediational screening for prevention research highlight two issues: (a) There are advantages to giving a high priority to theory in a strategic sequence of prevention research studies. (b) Screening to identify a subgroup that is experiencing problems on processes the program is designed to change may be useful in accomplishing specific goals within an overall strategy of prevention research studies
Evaluation of a preventive intervention for a self‐selected subpopulation of children
Evaluated an experimental preventive intervention developed for children who perceived their parents as problem drinkers. The 8‐session program was designed to improve children's coping, self‐esteem, and social competence, and modify alcohol expectancies which were specified as mediators of the effects of parental alcohol abuse on child mental health. Participants were 271 self‐selected 4th‐, 5th‐, and 6th‐grade students in 13 schools. The childr…
Some conditions that affect admissions of attitude change
Social support in chumships and adjustment in children of divorce
Examined the relations between support from intimate friends or "chums" and stress, age, and gender in predicting psychological adjustment using a sample of 117 8- to 15-year old children who had experienced parental divorce. Both parents and children provided information on children's adjustment. In predicting children's reports of their adjustment, the direct effect of chum support was found to be moderated by children's age. In predicting pare…
Events of parental divorce
The stressfulness, for the "typical" child, of 62 events that occur to children of divorce was rated by children of divorce (n = 58), their custodial parents (n = 58), and clinicians (n = 50). In addition, a larger group of children (n = 123) rated the goodness or badness of the events that had happened to them. The rank orderings of the mean stress ratings for the typical child made by children, parents, and clinicians were highly correlated. Ho…
When Martyrdom Pays
Information was given subjects in the five experimental conditions about how their opponent-to-be in a forthcoming Prisoner's Dilemma game had played and fared in a game played previously. The information implied that the opponent-to-be had (1) played in a mutually cooperative game; (2) behaved as an exploited martyr; (3) successfully exploited his previous adversary; (4) made an unsuccessful attempt to exploit his previous adversary; or (5) been…
Public intuitions about fair child support allocations
Nearly all American states use one of two systems for setting the amount of child support that noncustodial parents (NCPs) are required to pay to custodial parents (CPs). In previous work, we found that lay judgments of the child support amount the law should require differ in meaningful ways from these two systems: Our respondents favored child support amounts that are more responsive to the NCP’s income and much more responsive to the CP’s inco…
Moral intuitions about fault, parenting, and child custody after divorce
Allocations of child custody postdivorce are currently determined according to the best interest standard; that is, what is best for the child. Decisions about what is best for a child necessarily reflect cultural norms, at least in part. It is therefore useful as well as interesting to ask whether current understandings of the best interest standard align with moral intuitions of lay citizens asked to take the role of judge in hypothetical cases…
He Said What? Guided Cognitive Reframing About the Co‐Resident Father/Stepfather–Adolescent Relationship
We studied young adolescents' seeking out support to understand conflict with their co-resident fathers/stepfathers and the cognitive and affective implications of such support-seeking, phenomena we call guided cognitive reframing. Our sample included 392 adolescents ( M age = 12.5, 52.3% female) who were either of Mexican or European ancestry and lived with their biological mothers and either a stepfather or a biological father. More frequent re…
Attributional bias and the easily persuaded other
Perception of Opponent's Motives and Cooperation in a Mixed-Motive Game
Two studies investigated the effects of the perception of the opponent's motives and incentives to defect on cooperation in a mixed-motive game. Study I varied the perceived goal of the other (by instructions) and the incentive of the other to defect (by payoff values). Study II varied the other's incentive as well as the subject's incentive to defect, both by payoff values. The results indicated that the perceived goal of the other strongly infl…
On Splitting the Tails Unequally
The controversy that has raged since the early fifties regarding the admissibility of one-tailed tests of hypotheses was examined. From the review of that literature, it was concluded that the main advantage of the one-tailed test was the gain in power for the prediction while its main disadvantage was its inability to test for significance if the results were opposite to prediction. It is argued here that splitting α unequally between the two ta…
Reciprocity, Cohesiveness and Cooperation in Two-Person Games
After manipulation of dyad cohesiveness, subjects played a differential power game from the position of low power. Their simulated opponent of high power accorded them benefits (reward) on 0%, 50%, or 100% of the trials. Subsequently the roles were reversed so that the subject had the high power and the opportunity to reward his opponent. Finally, the subjects played a one-trial Prisoner's Dilemma game. The results for the power game indicated th…
When Martyrdom Pays
Information was given subjects in the five experimental conditions about how their opponent-to-be in a forthcoming Prisoner's Dilemma game had played and fared in a game played previously. The information implied that the opponent-to-be had (1) played in a mutually cooperative game; (2) behaved as an exploited martyr; (3) successfully exploited his previous adversary; (4) made an unsuccessful attempt to exploit his previous adversary; or (5) been…
Effects of modeling on cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma game
Some conditions that affect admissions of attitude change
Distortion in control attributions for real life events
Volunteer bias in erotica research
Events of parental divorce
The stressfulness, for the "typical" child, of 62 events that occur to children of divorce was rated by children of divorce (n = 58), their custodial parents (n = 58), and clinicians (n = 50). In addition, a larger group of children (n = 123) rated the goodness or badness of the events that had happened to them. The rank orderings of the mean stress ratings for the typical child made by children, parents, and clinicians were highly correlated. Ho…
Choices in Social Dilemmas
In a public-goods game, a variant of the social dilemma, 126 subjects made choices. In an attempt to better represent real-world communication possibilities, two conditions were created. In the subgroup communication condition, subjects were divided into subgroups. Discussion was allowed within but not between the subgroups. A control condition allowed no communication. Results showed that cooperation was significantly increased but not to the le…
Statistical treatment of the Solomon four-group design
One of the causes of the underuse of the Solomon four-group design may be that the complete details for the statistical analysis have not previously been presented. The primary issue previously unaddressed was how to combine an analysis of the effect of the treatment in the posttest-only groups with the same effect in the pre- and posttest groups (after an earlier phase of the analysis has shown no evidence of pretest sensitization.) A meta-analy…
Social support of children of divorce
This study examined the direct and stress-buffering effects of support from family adults, nonfamily adults, family children, and nonfamily children on the adjustment of 104 children of divorce. For children's reports of adjustment, significant stress-buffering (i.e., Stress x Support) interactions for support from family adults and support from nonfamily adults occurred. The lower the level of social support, the stronger the positive relation b…
Theory‐based screening for prevention
Prevention programs in mental health theoretically can benefit from selecting participants who have a greater likelihood of developing psychological problems because of their exposure to the putative mediators targeted for change in an intervention. Screening on mediators may increase statistical power to detect program effects, enhance the cost-effectiveness of intervention trials, and decrease the possibility of iatrogenic effects. The circumst…
Small theory and the strategic choices of prevention research
Our comments on the discussion of mediational screening for prevention research highlight two issues: (a) There are advantages to giving a high priority to theory in a strategic sequence of prevention research studies. (b) Screening to identify a subgroup that is experiencing problems on processes the program is designed to change may be useful in accomplishing specific goals within an overall strategy of prevention research studies
Social support in chumships and adjustment in children of divorce
Examined the relations between support from intimate friends or "chums" and stress, age, and gender in predicting psychological adjustment using a sample of 117 8- to 15-year old children who had experienced parental divorce. Both parents and children provided information on children's adjustment. In predicting children's reports of their adjustment, the direct effect of chum support was found to be moderated by children's age. In predicting pare…
Locus of control as a mediator of negative divorce-related events and adjustment problems in children
Beliefs about whether locus of control mediates the relationship between negative divorce-related events and children's adjustment were explored in a group of 78 children and their primary residential parents. In the children's self-reports of adjustment, locus of control was found to be a partial mediator in the relationship. Analyses of the parents' reports of the children's adjustment did not support a mediational model
Assessing and Compensating for Self-Selection Bias (Non-Representativeness) of the Family Research Sample
Sanford L. Braver, R. Curtis Bay, Assessing and Compensating for Self-Selection Bias (Non-Representativeness) of the Family Research Sample, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 54, No. 4 (Nov., 1992), pp. 925-939
Monotonic hypotheses in multiple group designs
Monotonic hypotheses in multiple group designs
Monotonic hypotheses are predictions about the ordering of group population means. A journal survey revealed that the problem was very common and that there was little uniformity among researchers regarding the statistical test to use. Most of the approaches in the literature to detect both monotonic trend and nonmonotonicity were compared under varying population conditions in a Monte Carlo simulation
Who Divorced Whom
An issue of frequent concern to researchers studying the antecedents and consequences of divorce is which spouse decides to terminate the marriage, i.e., who divorced ("dumped") whom. However, researchers have not agreed on how to best operationalize the dumper-dumpee variable. The present study explored the issue with a sample of 378 families. Several alternative operational definitions of the dumper-dumpee variable were examined, including who …
Understanding Children's Divorce Adjustment from an Ecological Perspective
Using an ecological perspective, the comprehensive effect of divorce variables on children's post-divorce adjustment was investigated. The microsystem, exosystem and overall composite scores accounted for significant proportions of variance in children's self-reported maladjustment and self-esteem, but not in parents' reports of children's maladjustment. The implications for preventive interventions are discussed
Evaluation of a preventive intervention for a self‐selected subpopulation of children
Evaluated an experimental preventive intervention developed for children who perceived their parents as problem drinkers. The 8‐session program was designed to improve children's coping, self‐esteem, and social competence, and modify alcohol expectancies which were specified as mediators of the effects of parental alcohol abuse on child mental health. Participants were 271 self‐selected 4th‐, 5th‐, and 6th‐grade students in 13 schools. The childr…
Does the Quality of Mother-Child Relationships Moderate the Effect of Postdivorce Interparental Conflict on Children's Adjustment Problems
The purpose of this study was to determine if the quality of children's relationships with their primary residential par- ents interacts with interparental conflict to predict children's postdi- vorce psychological adjustment problems. It was predicted that a high quality relationship would moderate the relation between inter- parental conflict and children's psychological adjustment problems such that this relation would be significantly attenua…
Alcohol abuse and psychopathic deviance in noncustodial parents as predictors of child-support payment and visitation
In a three-stage study, noncustodial parents' psychopathic deviance and alcohol use accounted for significant variance in custodial parents' reports of child support and visitation. In noncustodial parents 'reports' compliance with child support, but not frequency of visitation, was related to measures of deviance. Implications for policy, research, and psychoeducational interventions are discussed
Psychology (40 obras) · Social Psychology (24 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (15 obras) · Computer Science (14 obras) · Developmental psychology (13 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Clinical Psychology (11 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving (9 obras) · Medicine (9 obras)