Peter Ladefoged
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 99657 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Peter Ladefoged |
| PRENOMES | Peter |
| SOBRENOME | Ladefoged |
| ASSINATURA | LADEFOGED P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Los Angeles |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 77 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 825 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 77 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1957 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2008 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Phonetic structures of Montana Salish
Articulatory Features for Describing Lexical Distinctions
The sounds that distinguish words in the world's languages can be described in terms of properties that are often called (distinctive) features. The best-known attempts to describe sounds in this way are the acoustic features of Jakobson, Fant, and Halle (1952) and the innate cognitive abilities described by the feature theory of Chomsky and Halle (1968). This article provides a more comprehensive answer to the problem of specifying contrasting s…
M. Stanley Whitley and Bakhit Kourman (2004). The Phonicon
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Victoria A. Fromkin
Victoria A. Fromkin Peter Ladefoged Vicki Fromkin was the mother of all linguists. She nurtured her chosen field zealously, helping its practitioners from their first glimpse of what it could offer to the advanced levels of her own research on language and the brain. She was known to literally millions of people through her book An introduction to language, which has sold over three-quarters of a million copies and has been translated into many l…
Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives
Phonetic Structures of Western Apache
Phonetic structures of Aleut
Phonation types
Chickasaw
Chickasaw is a Muskogean language spoken in south-central Oklahoma. Published descriptions of Chickasaw phonetics include Munro & Willmond (1994), Munro (to appear), and Gordon et al. (2000). The following description is a summary of the principal phonetic aspects of Chickasaw drawn primarily from these works
The Real Professor Higgins
This volume presents the first full-scale biography of Daniel Jones, a preeminent scholar and leading British phonetician of the early twentieth century, and the first linguist to hold a chair at a British university. This book, richly illustrated with partly unpublished material traces Jones's life and career, including his contacts with other linguists, and with figures outside the linguistic world notably Robert Bridges and George Bernard Shaw
Variation and universals in VOT
American English and the International Phonetic Alphabet
American English and the International Phonetic Alphabet
Elements of Acoustic Phonetics
An Acoustic Study of the Tongue Root Contrast in Degema Vowels
Degema is an Edoid language of Nigeria whose ten vowels are organized phonologically into two sets of five. The two sets are thought to be differentiated by the degree of tongue root advancing. This paper examines the acoustic nature of these vowels as represented in field recordings of six speakers. The most consistent acoustic correlate of the tongue root contrast was found to be the first formant frequency which consistently distinguishes four…
Dictionary of phonetics and phonology
The Sounds of the World's Languages
List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. The Sounds of the Worlda s Languages. 2. Places of Articulation. 3. Stops. 4. Nasals and Nasalized Consonants. 5. Fricatives. 6. Laterals. 7. Rhotics. 8. Clicks. 9. Vowels. 10. Multiple Articulatory Gestures. References. Index
Phonetic Structures of Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic is an endangered language with very few fluent speakers under 60. Recordings were collected in the neighbourhood of Greater Bernera, Lewis, from 11 native speakers. Aerodynamic and palatographic data were collected from one 70-year-old male speaker. Palatographic data made in 1955 by Frederick Macaulay, a Gaelic speaker from South Uist, provided additional information. Analysis showed that all the stops were voiceless unaspirated …
David Abercrombie and the changing field of phonetics
The sounds of the world's languages
xxi, 425 p. : 26 cm
The phonetic structures of Hadza
Hadza is one of three East African languages with clicks. Previous field repons on this language have disagreed on several of its phonetic chanacteristics, including the number and nature of the clicks. This paper-based on acoustic and aniculatory analyses of data collected in recent fieldwork-presents a more detailed picture than any previous work. Special attention is given to the articulation of the click types and the acoustic features of the…
The Status of Phonetic Rarities
Most sounds can be described in terms of a standard set of phonological features, or in terms of values of well-known phonetic parameters. But some languages, particularly the smaller endangered languages of the world, also contain many unusual sounds that test our traditional descriptive theories. An example is the dental plosive followed by a bilabial trill, found in the Chapakuran languages. We suggest that there is a set (with fuzzy boundarie…
The trills of Toda
A hundred years from now a large number of presently spoken languages will no longer be viable means of communication, and the distinctive sounds that they contain will have disappeared. Of the nearly seven thousand languages in the world listed by Grimes (1992), about ten per cent are spoken by around a thousand people or less. As the speakers of these languages grow old, and their children go to schools in which the main languages of the countr…
Clicks and their accompaniments
Vowels and consonants
Variation and universals in VOT
The Sounds of the World's Languages
List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. The Sounds of the Worlda s Languages. 2. Places of Articulation. 3. Stops. 4. Nasals and Nasalized Consonants. 5. Fricatives. 6. Laterals. 7. Rhotics. 8. Clicks. 9. Vowels. 10. Multiple Articulatory Gestures. References. Index
Phonation types
A course in phonetics
This is a course in phonetics, not a book about phonetics. It is intended to be useful to both students of linguistics and to those who are more concerned with studying the sounds of English.... As this is an introductory textbook, many of the ideas presented here are not new. -Pref.
Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives
Another View of Endangered Languages
DISCUSSION NOTE Another view of endangered languages Peter Ladefoged University of California, Los Angeles Language seldom publishes opinion pieces, such as that of Hale, Krauss, Watahomigie, Yamamoto, Craig, Jeanne, & England 1992 on endangered languages . I have nothing but praise for the work that these linguists do. But language preservation and maintenance is a multifaceted topic on which different opinions are possible. The views expressed …
Non-quantal aspects of consonant production
The features of the larynx
What Are Linguistic Sounds Made of
Linguistic phonetic aspects of languages can be described in terms of about 17 articulatory parameters, and/or a similar number of acoustic parameters. Descriptions of phonological patterns in languages involve features that are not in a one-to-one relationship with these phonetic parameters, and that cannot account for some linguistic phonetic differences among languages. Speakers and listeners producing and interpreting linguistic events probab…
Phonetic Structures of Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic is an endangered language with very few fluent speakers under 60. Recordings were collected in the neighbourhood of Greater Bernera, Lewis, from 11 native speakers. Aerodynamic and palatographic data were collected from one 70-year-old male speaker. Palatographic data made in 1955 by Frederick Macaulay, a Gaelic speaker from South Uist, provided additional information. Analysis showed that all the stops were voiceless unaspirated …
Binary Suprasegmental Features and Transformational Word-Accentuation Rules
This paper demonstrates that the rules of the transformational stress cycle can be rewritten and simplified by substituting binary suprasegmental features for degrees of stress. The new prosodic features proposed for English are: (1) heavy, (2) accent, (3) intonation, (4) cadence, (5) endglide, and (6) emphasis. This binary suprasegmental feature system accounts for the grammar-expounding prosodic distinctions of English in an intuitively satisfy…
Vowels of the world's languages
Tense" and "lax" in four minority languages of China
An Acoustic Study of the Tongue Root Contrast in Degema Vowels
Degema is an Edoid language of Nigeria whose ten vowels are organized phonologically into two sets of five. The two sets are thought to be differentiated by the degree of tongue root advancing. This paper examines the acoustic nature of these vowels as represented in field recordings of six speakers. The most consistent acoustic correlate of the tongue root contrast was found to be the first formant frequency which consistently distinguishes four…
Some Physiological Parameters in Speech
A series of experiments has shown that: (1) Variations in articulation do not affect the subglottal pressure as long as the vocal cords are vibrating; but in voiceless sounds in which there is a high rate of flow the subglottal pressure is lower than in corresponding phrases with voiced sounds. (2) There is a clear physiological correlate of stress such that nouns of the form insult always have an extra increase in subglottal pressure which occur…
The Value of Phonetic Statements
It is odd that linguists, who pride themselves on the rigor and scientific nature of many of their concepts, should nevertheless be so tolerant of vague, unverified statements in some parts of their field. To take an example, Bloch has made many contributions to linguistic theory in a long series of excellent publications, but he does not appear to have adopted any scientific procedure to check the validity of the phonetic statements (e.g. those …
Places of articulation
Laterals and trills
The IPA does not have agreed symbols for some laterals. This is hardly surprising considering the relative infrequency of the contrasts involved. The majority of languages either have no contrasts involving laterals, or have at the most one lateral. A few languages, however, have two, three, or even four lateral approximants that contrast simply in place of articulation. Contrasts among trills are even more uncommon than among laterals. Most lang…
Phonological features and their phonetic correlates
There is nothing very new about the idea that speech sounds can be classified in terms of a limited number of features. Phonetic taxonomies have existed from the times of the earliest grammarians; and traditional consonant charts can be viewed as attempts to classify sounds in terms of features of place and manner of production. But with the development of the Prague school of phonology (Trubetzkoy, 1939) and the subsequent work of Jakobson and h…
Phonetic structures of Montana Salish
The trills of Toda
A hundred years from now a large number of presently spoken languages will no longer be viable means of communication, and the distinctive sounds that they contain will have disappeared. Of the nearly seven thousand languages in the world listed by Grimes (1992), about ten per cent are spoken by around a thousand people or less. As the speakers of these languages grow old, and their children go to schools in which the main languages of the countr…
Clicks and their accompaniments
The Status of Phonetic Rarities
Most sounds can be described in terms of a standard set of phonological features, or in terms of values of well-known phonetic parameters. But some languages, particularly the smaller endangered languages of the world, also contain many unusual sounds that test our traditional descriptive theories. An example is the dental plosive followed by a bilabial trill, found in the Chapakuran languages. We suggest that there is a set (with fuzzy boundarie…
Some reflections on the IPA
Linguistic Phonetic Descriptions of Clicks
The click sounds of two Khoisan languages, Nama and !Xóō, are described in considerable phonetic detail in order to demonstrate some of the complex, language-specific phenomena that must be taken into account in linguistic descriptions. Phonological features that can be used to classify these sounds are given; but it is shown that the detail of the phonetic phenomena can be recovered from the phonological specifications only by a considerable num…
Information Conveyed by Vowels
Most speech sounds may be said to convey three kinds of information: linguistic information which enables the listener to identify the words that are being used; socio-linguistic information, which enables him to appreciate something about the background of the speaker; and personal information which helps to identify the speaker. An experiment has been carried out which shows that the linguistic information conveyed by a vowel sound does not dep…
The Value of Phonetic Statements
It is odd that linguists, who pride themselves on the rigor and scientific nature of many of their concepts, should nevertheless be so tolerant of vague, unverified statements in some parts of their field. To take an example, Bloch has made many contributions to linguistic theory in a long series of excellent publications, but he does not appear to have adopted any scientific procedure to check the validity of the phonetic statements (e.g. those …
English Phonetics (Especially for Teachers of English as a Foreign Language)
Some Physiological Parameters in Speech
A series of experiments has shown that: (1) Variations in articulation do not affect the subglottal pressure as long as the vocal cords are vibrating; but in voiceless sounds in which there is a high rate of flow the subglottal pressure is lower than in corresponding phrases with voiced sounds. (2) There is a clear physiological correlate of stress such that nouns of the form insult always have an extra increase in subglottal pressure which occur…
A Phonetic Study of West African Languages
Foreword Joseph H. Greenberg Introduction 1. Consonant contrasts 2. Airstream mechanisms and double articulations 3. Phonation types 4. Stops and affricates 5. Nasals and nasalization 6. Fricatives and approximants 7. Laterals and forms of r 8. Secondary articulations and clusters 9. Vowels 10. Tone and intonation Appendices Bibliography Index
Some Possibilities in Speech Synthesis
Speech synthesizers may operate in terms of acoustic analogue signals (Haskins PB2), acoustic parameters (PAT, OVE II), physiological analogue signals (DAVO), or physiological parameters. The main difficulty in the latter possibility is in devising parametric characterizations of the vocal tract shape; these parameters should reflect the anatomical constraints, which are not yet fully known. Data on the positions of the muscles of the tongue on o…
Speech Acoustics for the Mathematically Unsophisticated
Programmed Learning Problem Set to Teach the Interpretation of a Class of Speech Spectrograms . Martin Rothenberg
Manual of Articulatory Phonetics . William A. Smalley
Acoustical Characteristics of Selected English Consonants
Contents: Some allophones of /1/ in American English, Some allophones of /r/ in American English, Astudy of /w/ and /y/ in American English, A study of /h/ and whispered speech
Phonetics
Binary Suprasegmental Features and Transformational Word-Accentuation Rules
This paper demonstrates that the rules of the transformational stress cycle can be rewritten and simplified by substituting binary suprasegmental features for degrees of stress. The new prosodic features proposed for English are: (1) heavy, (2) accent, (3) intonation, (4) cadence, (5) endglide, and (6) emphasis. This binary suprasegmental feature system accounts for the grammar-expounding prosodic distinctions of English in an intuitively satisfy…
Phonological features and their phonetic correlates
There is nothing very new about the idea that speech sounds can be classified in terms of a limited number of features. Phonetic taxonomies have existed from the times of the earliest grammarians; and traditional consonant charts can be viewed as attempts to classify sounds in terms of features of place and manner of production. But with the development of the Prague school of phonology (Trubetzkoy, 1939) and the subsequent work of Jakobson and h…
Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics
The features of the larynx
Phonetic features and phonological features
A Course in Phonetics
Part I Introductory concepts: articulatory phonetics phonology and phonetic transcription. Part II English phonetics: the Consonants of English English vowels English words and sentences. Part III General phonetics: airstream mechanisms and phonation types place and manner of articulation acoustic phonetics vowels and vowel-like articulations syllables and suprasegmental features linguistic phonetics the international phonetic alphabet feature hi…
Laterals and trills
The IPA does not have agreed symbols for some laterals. This is hardly surprising considering the relative infrequency of the contrasts involved. The majority of languages either have no contrasts involving laterals, or have at the most one lateral. A few languages, however, have two, three, or even four lateral approximants that contrast simply in place of articulation. Contrasts among trills are even more uncommon than among laterals. Most lang…
Contemporary Issues in Experimental Phonetics
Physiology of Speech Production
Expectation Affects Identification by Listening
In criminal proceeding, suspects may be identified from tape-recordings. However, expectations affect the identification of voices. The voice of a person believed to belong to a particular group may be falsely identified in a recording of another member of that group. An experiment conducted with recordings from a tapped telephone has shown how frequent such false identifications can be
Speech Physiology and Acoustic Phonetics
Voice Identification
Fundamental Problems in Phonetics
The Physics of Speech
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