Sustaining fictions

Determinants of placebo effects and placebo response can be considered from multiple intrinsic and extrinsic perspectives. Intrinsic factors may influence the patient and the clinician/researcher. Patient expectations and previous experiences are considered two of the major intrinsic determinants of placebo response. Other patient determinants include the neural systems under treatment/study, situational factors and reactions to the environment, and personality traits. Clinician/researcher determinants of placebo response include personality factors such as empathy, perceived expertise, the clinical relationship with the patient, and the clinician's belief in the efficacy of the treatment. Extrinsic determinants include the type of study design, influence of advertising or branding, and forces expressed by the cultural milieu. These determinants do not act in isolation, but rather form a complex interaction that ultimately impacts the promotion or deterrence of the placebo effect in clinical and research settings

Embarrassment · Environmental ethics · Indigenous · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Anthropological Studies and Insights · Law · Philosophy · Psychology · Social Psychology

• Anthropology Pure and Profane

  David S Trigger, David Trigger•Anthropological Forum•2011

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• Deconstructing the Placebo Effect and Finding the Meaning Response

  Open Access•D E Moerman, Wayne B Jonas•Annals of Internal Medicine•2002

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• A Comprehensive Review of the Placebo Effect

  Donald D Price, Damien G Finniss et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2008

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• Influence of context effects on health outcomes

  Open Access•Zelda Di Blasi, Elaine Harkness et al.•The Lancet•2001

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• Colour, culture and placebo response

  Open Access•Dinesh Bhugra, Antonio Ventriglio et al.•International Journal of Social…•2015

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• Response expectancy as a determinant of experience and behavior

  Irving Kirsch•American Psychologist•1985

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• The Associations of Clinicians’ Implicit Attitudes About Race With Medical Visit Communication and Patient Ratings of Interpersonal Care

  Lisa A Cooper, Debra L Roter et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2012

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• Pygmalion in the classroom

  Open Access•Robert Rosenthal, Lenore Jacobson•The Urban Review•1968

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• Patient Characteristics That Influence Physician Behavior

  Elizabeth M Hooper, Loretto M Comstock et al.•Medical Care•1982

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• Cultural Variations in the Placebo Effect

  Open Access•D E Moerman•Medical Anthropology Quarterly•2000

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• Reconsidering the Placebo Response from a Broad Anthropological Perspective

  Open Access•Jennifer Jo Thompson, C Ritenbaugh et al.•Culture Medicine and Psychiatry•2008

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• From catalog to classification

  Paul T Costa, Robert R Mccrae•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

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• Side effects of chronic lithium therapy in Hong Kong Chinese

  Open Access•Sing Lee•Culture Medicine and Psychiatry•1993

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