Disability and Institutional Change

For at least three decades, disability rights activists have challenged exclusionary and stigmatizing social processes that constrain people with disabilities, an effort highlighted by the 1990 enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act. However, all environmental barriers to participation by people with disabilities may not be eliminated by a policy strategy that focuses on discrimination and fails to address many forms of oppression that do not fall under legal definitions of discrimination. The human variation model of disability defines disability as the systematic mismatch between physical and mental attributes of individuals and the present (but not the potential) ability of social institutions to accommodate those attributes. Although rights-based approaches remain necessary to overcome the barriers facing many Americans with disabilities, a policy strategy that builds on a human variation approach may further efforts to eliminate disability oppression

Human rights · Medical model of disability · Oppression · Political science · Politics · Psychiatry · Public relations · Social model of disability · Sociology · Variation (astronomy · Environmental Justice and Health Disparities · Law · Psychology · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies

• Disability in the United States

  Open Access•Fatma Kahraman Güloğlu, Meryem SERDAR•Journal of Turkish Studies•2023

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• Academic Coverage of Online Activism of Disabled People

  Open Access•G Wolbring, Laiba Nasir et al.•Societies•2024

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• An Introductory Theoretical and Methodological Framework for a Universal Mobility Index (UMI) to Quantify, Compare, and Longitudinally Track Equity of Access Across the Built Environment

  Open Access•Ralph James Green•Journal of Disability Policy…•2011

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• Disability terminology and the emergence of ‘diffability’ in Indonesia

  Suharto, Suharto Suharto et al.•Disability & Society•2016

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• Understanding emerging disabilities

  Michael H Fox, Michael H Fox ∗ et al.•Disability & Society•2004

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• Competing Institutional Logics and Paradoxical Universalism

  Open Access•Christoph Tschanz, Justin Jw Powell•Social Inclusion•2020

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• Human Rights and Disabled Persons

  Theresia Degener, Yolan Koster-Dreese•Human Rights and Disabled Persons•1995

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• Toward the Necessary Universalizing of a Disability Policy

  Irving Kenneth Zola•Milbank Quarterly•1989

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• Civil Rights and Employment Issues of Disability Policy

  Open Access•Susanne M Bruyère•Journal of Disability Policy…•2000

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• The United Nations and Human Rights

  Evelyn Kallen, Boutros Boutros-Ghali et al.•Canadian Public Policy•1996

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• Faith in the city and Mrs Thatcher

  David J Smith•Policy Studies•1990

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• Impairment as a Human Constant

  Open Access•Jessica Scheer, Nora Groce•Journal of Social Issues•1988

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• Disability as Human Variation

  Open Access•Richard K Scotch, Kay Schriner et al.•The Annals of the American…•1997

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• The Americans With Disabilities Act as Engine of Social Change

  Open Access•Andrew I Batavia, Kay Schriner et al.•Policy Studies Journal•2001

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