Trends in the Formation of Environmental Enforcement International Non-Governmental Organizations, 1950–2010

Recent research highlights the importance of non-governmental organizations in environmental enforcement. These studies largely describe the operations of enforcement organizations locally. The present study offers an alternative perspective by considering environmental enforcement by international non-governmental organizations (INGOs). We employ the treadmill of production thesis to investigate the formation of environmental enforcement INGOs between 1950 and 2010. Prais–Winsten estimation techniques are used to investigate whether the formation of environmental enforcement INGOs is correlated with the global ecological footprint, gross world product, and/or organization density. Results confirm that there is no correlation between the ecological footprint and INGO formation. There is, however, considerable evidence of an inverted-U association between density and founding (p < .05). This discovery is important because it provides strong empirical support for the hypothesis that the global environmental enforcement culture is shaped by competitive neoliberal tendencies

Business · Corporate governance · Ecological footprint · Empirical research · Enforcement · Environmental governance · Political science · Product (mathematics · Sustainable development · Global trade, sustainability, and social impact · Regulation and Compliance Studies · Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses · Finance

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