Money, men and markets

Market trading requires access to cash, independent decision-making, mobility and social interaction. This study sought to explore whether market work empowers women with respect to spending decisions and negotiation over sex and condom-use. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 212 market women; and 12 focus group discussions and 52 in-depths interviews were conducted among market women in southwestern Uganda. Market women reported high levels of independence, mobility, assertiveness and social interaction. Access to cash was not synonymous with control over it, however. Spending decisions were limited by men's ability to selectively withdraw finances for expenditures central to women's concerns including household and children's needs. Trading in markets earns women masculine labels such as kiwagi, characterized variously as independent, rebellious and insubordinate. Earning money does not change expectations of correct behaviour for wives, making it difficult for women to initiate, deny sex or ask for condoms. Independence and income from market work may make it easier for women to enter and exit new sexual relationships. However, unable to protect themselves within partnerships, HIV risk may increase as a result

Business · Economic growth · Economics · Empowerment · Socioeconomics · Women's empowerment · African Sexualities and LGBTQ+ Issues · Gender Politics and Representation · Sex work and related issues

• Physical and sexual victimization of persons with severe mental illness seeking care in central and southwestern Uganda

  Open Access•Richard Mpango, Richard Stephen Mpango et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  Incluir item

• Providing Services to Youth Involved in Transactional Sex in Uganda

  Open Access•Hugo Kamya, Shelley K White•Families in Society The Journal…•2023

  Incluir item

• Scoping review of qualitative studies on family planning in Uganda

  Open Access•Julie M Buser, Pebalo Francis Pebolo et al.•PLOS Global Public Health•2024

  Incluir item

• ‘It is not expected for married couples’

  Open Access•Sally Mtenga, Sally Mmanyi Mtenga et al.•Global Health Action•2016

  Incluir item

• The role of HIV testing, counselling, and treatment in coping with HIV/Aids in Uganda

  Barbara Nyanzi-Wakholi, Antonieta Medina Lara et al.•AIDS Care•2009

  Incluir item

• Mobility among youth in Rakai, Uganda

  Open Access•Ashley C Schuyler, Zoe R Edelstein et al.•Global Public Health•2015

  Incluir item

• Examining diffusion to understand the how of Sasa!, a violence against women and HIV prevention intervention in Uganda

  Open Access•Elizabeth Starmann, Lori Heise et al.•BMC Public Health•2018

  Incluir item

• The US President's Emergency Plan for Aids Relief

  Marcia Oliver•International Feminist Journal of…•2012

  Incluir item

• Women's Paid Work and Intimate Partner Violence

  Sanchita Vya, Jessie Mbwambo et al.•Feminist Economics•2014

  Incluir item

• Cash Transfers, Young Women’s Economic Well-Being, and HIV Risk

  Open Access•Kelly Kilburn, James P Hughes et al.•AIDS and Behavior•2018

  Incluir item

• Economic Resources and HIV Preventive Behaviors Among School-Enrolled Young Women in Rural South Africa (HPTN 068)

  Open Access•The HPTN study team, Larissa Jennings et al.•AIDS and Behavior•2016

  Incluir item

• Marital Rape and HIV Risk in Uganda

  Open Access•Cecilia Mengo, Moses Okumu et al.•Violence Against Women•2019

  Incluir item

• Understanding Women's Risk for HIV Infection Using Social Dominance Theory and the Four Bases of Gendered Power

  Open Access•Lisa Rosenthal, Sheri R Levy•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2010

  Incluir item

• From patriarchal socialism to grassroots capitalism

  Open Access•Kyungja Jung, Bronwen Dalton•Women s Studies International Forum•2018

  Incluir item

• The Young Ones are the Condom Generation”

  Ann-Maree Nobelius, Bessie Kalina et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2011

  Incluir item

• Measuring gender and reproductive health in Africa using demographic and health surveys

  Enid Schatz, Jill Williams•Culture Health & Sexuality•2012

  Incluir item

• Women’s economic status, male authority patterns and intimate partner violence

  Open Access•Meghna Ranganathan, Eliezer Stern et al.•Culture Health & Sexuality•2022

  Incluir item

• Balancing risk, interpersonal intimacy and agency

  Lwendo Moonzwe Davis, Kristin M Kostick•Culture Health & Sexuality•2018

  Incluir item

• Economic empowerment and Aids-related stigma in rural Kenya

  Katherine Gnauck, Jamie Ruiz et al.•Culture Health & Sexuality•2013

  Incluir item

• Women’s economic status and sexual negotiation

  Sanchita Vya•Culture Health & Sexuality•2020

  Incluir item

• Marriage, violence and HIV

  Margaret S Winchester•Culture Health & Sexuality•2016

  Incluir item

• Structural Interventions

  Open Access•Kim M Blankenship, R Friedman et al.•Journal of Urban Health•2006

  Incluir item

• Going Beyond “ABC” to Include “GEM”

  Shari L Dworkin, Anke A Ehrhardt et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2007

  Incluir item

• You Still Need to Give Her a Token of Appreciation”

  Ann-Maree Nobelius, Bessie Kalina et al.•The Journal of Sex Research•2010

  Incluir item

• Is social capital associated with HIV risk in rural South Africa

  Open Access•Paul M Pronyk, Paul Pronyk et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2008

  Incluir item

• City as mobility

  Open Access•D Pardue, Lucas Amaral De Oliveira•Vibrant Virtual Brazilian…•2018

  Incluir item

• Routes to Government TB Treatment

  Open Access•Sarah Chard, Sarah E Chard•Medical Anthropology Quarterly•2009

  Incluir item

• Changing the Rules

  A M Tripp•Changing the Rules•1997

  Incluir item

• Women and Aids in Zimbabwe

  Open Access•Mary T Bassett, Marvellous Mhloyi•International Journal of Health…•1991

  Incluir item

• A Word of the Times, but What Does it Mean? Empowerment in the Discourse and Practice of Development

  Jo Rowlands•Women and Empowerment•1998

  Incluir item

• Feminism/ Postmodernism/ Development

  Marianne H Marchand, Jane L Parpart•Feminism/ Postmodernism/…•2003

  Incluir item

• Risky heterosexual practices amongst women over 30

  C Maxwell, M Boyle•AIDS Care•1995

  Incluir item

• Who decides? Women's status and negotiation of sex in Uganda

  Brent Wolff, Ann K Blanc et al.•Culture Health & Sexuality•2000

  Incluir item

• Culture as a barrier to rural women's entrepreneurship

  Colletah Chitsike•Gender & Development•2000

  Incluir item

• Conceptualising women's empowerment in societies in Cameroon

  Joyce B Endeley•Gender & Development•2001

  Incluir item

• Women at Risk for HIV from a Primary Partner

  Ann O’leary, Ann O'Leary•Annual Review of Sex Research•2000

  Incluir item

• Gender planning in the third world

  Open Access•Caroline O N Moser, Caroline Moser•World Development•1989

  Incluir item

• HIV transmission

  Open Access•Christine Obbo•Population and Environment•1993

  Incluir item

• The Role of Couple Negotiation in Unmet Need for Contraception and the Decision to Stop Childbearing in Uganda

  Open Access•Brent Wolff, Ann K Blanc et al.•Studies in Family Planning•2000

  Incluir item

• Negotiating Reproductive Outcomes in Uganda

  Ann K Blanc, Brent Wolff et al.•Studies in Family Planning•1997

  Incluir item

• Women and Politics in Uganda

  Carol Summers, A M Tripp•The International Journal of…•2000

  Incluir item

• Aids action-research with women in Kinshasa, Zaire

  Open Access•Brooke Grundfest Schoepf•Social Science & Medicine•1993

  Incluir item

• Transforming Aids prevention to meet women's needs

  Open Access•Lori Heise, Lori L Heise et al.•Social Science & Medicine•1995

  Incluir item

• African women and Aids

  Open Access•Priscilla R Ulin•Social Science & Medicine•1992

  Incluir item

• Mobilization without Emancipation? Women's Interests, the State, and Revolution in Nicaragua

  Maxine Molyneux•Feminist Studies•1985

  Incluir item

• African Market Women and Economic Power

  Lila E Engberg, Bessie House-Midamba et al.•Canadian Journal of African…•1996

  Incluir item

• The power of sex

  Open Access•Suzette Heald•Africa•1995

  Incluir item

• Socioeconomic Status, Gender, and Risk of HIV-1 Infection in a Rural Community in South West Uganda

  Open Access•Janet Seeley, Janet A Seeley et al.•Medical Anthropology Quarterly•1994

  Incluir item

• Cultural Determinants of Sexual Risk Behavior for Aids among Baganda Women

  Open Access•Janet W Mcgrath, Debra A Schumann et al.•Medical Anthropology Quarterly•1992

  Incluir item