Feng Kuei-Fen's Perception of Reform

Feng Kuei-fen M fe £ (1809-1874) is best known as a chief theorist of the Self-strengthening Movement (tzu-ch'iang yiin-tung g 3£lEf& ).* But a close examination may reveal that Feng's thought had much more in common with lateCh'ing reformism than with the ideology of the Self-strengthening Movement of the T'ung-chih era. The leaders of this movement, such as Tseng Kuo-fan, Li Hung-chang, and Tso Tsung-t'ang, who were responsible for the suppression of the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), had a vivid impression of the modern West's material civilization. After the rebellion was put down, they determined to borrow Western weaponry and the related machines and technology. One of the first feats of this determination was the establishment of the Kiangnan Arsenal in Shanghai in 1865. As the movement expanded, in addition to arsenals, foreign language schools, modern mining enterprises, merchant ships, railroads, telegrams, and finally a modern navy came into existence.2

Aesthetics · Ancient history · Art · Civilization · Economic history · Economics · Ideology · Management · Navy · Political science · Politics · Reform movement · Chinese history and philosophy · History · Japanese History and Culture · Law

• “The rhetorical situation revisited”

  Mary Garret, Xiaosui Xiao•Rhetoric Society Quarterly•1993

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