Child welfare practice

From its inception, the U.S. child welfare system can be characterized as a parallel system, primarily delineated by race. A formal system was created for White children by White social reformers, primarily in the industrial North and Midwest. This system largely excluded formerly enslaved African children. Consequently, there was a child welfare system created for formerly enslaved African children by African or Black social reformers. This culturally responsive system relied upon the principles of social uplift, mutual aid and race pride. This article highlights the African centered approaches used by Black social reformers to address the needs of their community

African american · Political science · Pride · Race (biology · Social Welfare · Sociology · Welfare · Welfare system · White (mutation · Anthropology · Child Abuse and Trauma · Child Welfare and Adoption · Homelessness and Social Issues · Social Work · Gender Studies · Law

• Parent mentoring relationships as a vehicle for reducing racial disparities

  Open Access•Ruth Soffer-Elnekave, Wendy Haight et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2020

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• Black families in white America

  Andrew Billingsley•Black families in white America•1968

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• Black Club Women and the Creation of the National Association of Colored Women

  Stephanie J Shaw•Journal of women's history•1991

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• Northern Schools, Southern Blacks, and Reconstruction

  Ronald E Butchart•Northern Schools, Southern…•1980

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• Negro Thought in America, 1880-1915

  Open Access•August Meier•Negro thought in America, 1880-1915•1963

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• Negro Secret Societies

  E N Palmer, E Palmer•Social Forces•1944

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• Women and Interracial Cooperation in Establishing the Good Samaritan Hospital

  Open Access•Iris Carlton-Laney•Affilia•2000

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• Introduction - The Legacy of African-American Leadership in Social Welfare

  Iris Carlton-Laney•The Journal of Sociology & Social…•1994

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• Old Folks' Homes for Blacks During the Progressive Era

  Iris Carlton-Laney•The Journal of Sociology & Social…•1989

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• Minority Children and the Child Welfare System

  Patricia Turner Hogan, Sau-Fong Siu•Social Work•1988

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• African American Social Work Pioneers' Response to Need

  Iris Carlton-Laney•Social Work•1999

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• V. the Workhouse as a Reformatory

  Open Access•Frank R Mcdonald•The Annals of the American…•1913

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• The Forgotten Man and Other Essays

  H Reynard, William Graham Summer•The Economic Journal•1919

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• Brent Ruswick. Almost Worthy

  Mark J Stern, Mark Stern•The American Historical Review•2014

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• Colonial labor in transition

  Sharon V Salinger•Labor History•1981

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• The Negro Family

  Open Access•E Franklin Frazier•The Annals of the American…•1928

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• Education and Sociology

  David Levinson, Peter W Cookson et al.•Education and Sociology•2014

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• Pathologizing poverty

  Open Access•H Hansen, P Bourgois et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2014

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• Early Community Work of Black Club Women

  Gerda Lerner•The Journal of Negro History•1974

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• Penal Slavery and Southern Reconstruction

  Blake Mckelvey•The Journal of Negro History•1935

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