Testing the Stochastic Convergence of Ecological Indicators in BRICS in the Perspective of Public Health

This paper assesses the stochastic convergence of relative per capita ecological footprints within BRICS countries over the period 1961–2017 in the field of Public Health. Our initiatives have targeted ecological Indicator and health behaviors. Using the local Whittle estimator and some of its variants we assess whether relative per capita ecological footprints are long memory processes which, although highly persistent, may revert to their mean/trend in the long run thereby indicating evidence of stochastic convergence, or divergent processes in nutshell. Furthermore, we test whether (possibly) slow convergence or the complete lack of it may be the result of structural changes to the deterministics of each of the relative per capita footprint series by means of the tests of Berkes et al. ( 1 ) and Mayoral ( 2 ). For the ease of comparison, this paper assesses the stochastic convergence of relative per capita ecological capacities for BRICS as well. Our results show relatively strong evidences against stochastic convergence of ecological footprints. Furthermore, with regard to China and Russia, our results also decisively indicate that a slow or lack of convergence is the results of a structural break in the relative per capita ecological footprint series. However, our empirical researches support stochastic convergence of relative per capita ecological capacities for BRICS. In addition, we can conclude whether the per capita ecological footprints converge or not is dependent on the level of economic development, and the stochastic convergence occurs in those rich countries more probably, indicating that public health is becoming a more serious concern in developing countries

Biology · Ecological footprint · Econometrics · Economic growth · Economics · Environmental health · Per capita · Population · Sustainable development · Energy, Environment, Economic Growth · Environmental Impact and Sustainability · Global Health Care Issues · Medicine · Ecology

• The convergence in ecological footprint intensity across Ecowas countries

  Open Access•Veli Yilanci, Iftikhar Yasin et al.•Environment Development and…•2024

  Incluir item

• Automatic Lag Selection in Covariance Matrix Estimation

  Whitney K Newey, Kenneth D West•The Review of Economic Studies•1994

  Incluir item

• An Introduction to Long‐memory Time Series Models and Fractional Differencing

  Open Access•Clive W J Granger, Roselyne Joyeux•Journal of Time Series Analysis•1980

  Incluir item

• Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests

  Open Access•Peter C B Phillips, Donggyu Sul•Econometrica•2007

  Incluir item

• Gaussian Semiparametric Estimation of Long Range Dependence

  Peter M Robinson•The Annals of Statistics•1995

  Incluir item

• The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis

  Pierre Perron•Econometrica•1989

  Incluir item

• Efficient Tests of Nonstationary Hypotheses

  Peter M Robinson•Journal of the American…•1994

  Incluir item

• Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement

  Gene M Grossman, Gene Grossman et al.•National Bureau of Economic…•1991

  Incluir item

• Analyzing long lasting effects of environmental policies

  Open Access•Burcu Özcan, Recep Ulucak et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2019

  Incluir item

• A multi-country convergence analysis of ecological footprint and its components

  Open Access•Sakiru Adebola Solarin, Aviral Kumar Tiwari et al.•Sustainable Cities and Society•2019

  Incluir item

• Does convergence really matter for the environment? An application based on club convergence and on the ecological footprint concept for the EU countries

  Open Access•Recep Ulucak, Nicholas Apergis•Environmental Science & Policy•2017

  Incluir item

• Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation

  Donald W K Andrews•Econometrica•1991

  Incluir item