Longitudinal associations between the Covid-19 pandemic and sleep characteristics in children and parents

Dados Bibliográficos

ID22079342
AutoresDeborah Wernecke (0000-0002-6934-9257, Universität Ulm, autor correspondente), Raphael S Peter (0000-0003-4310-9500, Universität Ulm), Stefanie Braig (0000-0003-0757-5045, Universität Ulm), Maricruz Zarco (Universität Ulm), Jon Genuneit (0000-0001-5764-1528, Universität Ulm), Dietrich Rothenbacher (0000-0002-3563-2791, Universität Ulm)
Ano2025
Volume13
Páginas1604195-1604195
Data de publicação2025-09-25
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
EditoraFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2025.1604195
PMID41080865
OpenAlexW4414520220
IdiomaEN
Referências citadas71

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated preventive measures influenced family health and behavior, leading to diverse effects on sleep. Methods: = 318) in Germany, using data from the prospective Ulm SPATZ Health Study. We compared the period from April 2017 to May 2023 (children aged 5-10 years) with the period from 15 March 2020 to 3 April 2022, defined as "COVID-19 pandemic." Sleep quality was measured using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), among children and parents, respectively. Multivariable mixed models were used to assess the associations of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before and after the pandemic with sleep characteristics among boys, girls, mothers, and fathers, separately. Results: Child and parent sleep quality showed a weak correlation among 6-year-old boys and their mothers. A moderate correlation was observed between mothers' mental health and boys' sleep quality at ages 5, 6, and 9. Parents' mental health showed a moderate correlation with their sleep quality. Multivariable mixed models revealed better sleep quality (lower CSHQ total scores) among boys during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before and after. Daytime sleepiness decreased among boys and girls, while no significant changes were found for sleep duration and sleep latency. Among mothers, sleep duration increased on free-days, while fathers experienced increased sleep duration on work-days, along with increased sleep efficiency. Discussion: This study showed that family sleep quality (indexed with the CSHQ and PSQI) did not decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to sleep quality measured at one (parents) or two (children) annual time points before the pandemic and up to one after it. Instead, parental sleep duration increased, children experienced reduced daytime sleepiness, and boys exhibited improved sleep quality. To effectively optimize public health during a pandemic, findings on sleep quality should be interpreted in conjunction with findings on mental health, given their interrelated nature, as also indicated by our study

Longitudinal study · Mental health · Pandemic · Public health · Sleep quality · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum · Sleep and related disorders