Kerosene

A Review of Household Uses and their Hazards in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Dados Bibliográficos

ID23328013
AutoresNicholas L Lam (0000-0001-7480-0535, Center for Environmental Health), Kirk R Smith (0000-0002-0439-1120, University of California, Berkeley), Alison Gauthier (University of California, Berkeley), Michael Bates (0000-0003-4122-0715, University of California, Berkeley, autor correspondente), Michael N Bates
Ano2012
Volume15
Fascículo6
Páginas396-432
Data de publicação2012-08-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessNão
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 1093-7404 • E-ISSN: 1521-6950
EditoraInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/10937404.2012.710134
PMID22934567
PMCIDPMC3664014
OpenAlexW2083398451
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas62
Referências citadas94

Kerosene has been an important household fuel since the mid-19th century. In developed countries its use has greatly declined because of electrification. However, in developing countries, kerosene use for cooking and lighting remains widespread. This review focuses on household kerosene uses, mainly in developing countries, their associated emissions, and their hazards. Kerosene is often advocated as a cleaner alternative to solid fuels, biomass and coal, for cooking, and kerosene lamps are frequently used when electricity is unavailable. Globally, an estimated 500 million households still use fuels, particularly kerosene, for lighting. However, there are few studies, study designs and quality are varied, and results are inconsistent. Well-documented kerosene hazards are poisonings, fires, and explosions. Less investigated are exposures to and risks from kerosene's combustion products. Some kerosene-using devices emit substantial amounts of fine particulates, carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxides (NO(x)), and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)). Studies of kerosene used for cooking or lighting provide some evidence that emissions may impair lung function and increase infectious illness (including tuberculosis), asthma, and cancer risks. However, there are few study designs, quality is varied, and results are inconsistent. Considering the widespread use in the developing world of kerosene, the scarcity of adequate epidemiologic investigations, the potential for harm, and the implications for national energy policies, researchers are strongly encouraged to consider collecting data on household kerosene uses in studies of health in developing countries. Given the potential risks of kerosene, policymakers may consider alternatives to kerosene subsidies, such as shifting support to cleaner technologies for lighting and cooking.

Electricity · Electrification · Environmental health · Indoor air quality · Kerosene · Waste management · Chemistry · Energy and Environment Impacts · Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies · Engineering · Environmental Engineering · Environmental Science · Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems · Medicine