Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to Vision 2020

The Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Dados Bibliográficos

ID23374647
AutoresJaimie D Steinmetz (0000-0003-2397-4070, University of Washington), Rupert R A Bourne, Rupert Bourne (0000-0002-8169-1645, Anglia Ruskin University), Paul Svitil Briant (University of Washington), Seymour Flaxman (0000-0002-2477-4217, Imperial College London), Seth R Flaxman, Hugh R B Taylor (The University of Melbourne), Jost B Jonas (0000-0003-2972-5227, Heidelberg University), Amir Abdoli (0000-0003-4326-4586, Jahrom University), Amir Aberhe Abdoli, Woldu Aberhe Abrha (Aksum University), Ahmed Abualhasan (0000-0002-9949-667X, Cairo University), Eman Girum Abu-Gharbieh (University of Sharjah), Tadele Girum Adal, Tadele Girum Girum Adal (Wolkite University), Ashkan Afshin (0000-0001-6239-8809, University of Washington), Hamid Ahmadieh (0000-0002-8139-2661, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Wondu Alemayehu (Fred Hollows Foundation), Sayyed Amirpooya Samir Alemzadeh, Sayyed Amirpooya Alemzadeh (0000-0002-2188-0399, Iran University of Medical Sciences), Ahmed Samir Alfaar (Leipzig University), Vahid Alipour (0000-0003-1010-9571, Iran University of Medical Sciences), Sofia Androudi (0000-0002-5303-7793, University of Thessaly), Jalal Arabloo (0000-0003-1223-4528, Iran University of Medical Sciences), Aries Arditi (0000-0002-1365-0788), Aries Berhe Arditi, Brhane Berhe Aregawi (Adigrat University), Alessandro Arrigo (0000-0003-4715-8414, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Charlie Ashbaugh (University of Washington), Elham Debalkie Ashrafi, Elham Ashrafi (0000-0001-8640-0168, Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Desta Debalkie Atnafu (0000-0002-9660-4225, Bahir Dar University), Eleni Bagli (0000-0003-1530-0850, University Hospital of Ioannina), Eleni Amin Bagli, Atif Amin Baig (0000-0003-0227-2723, Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Atif Amin Winfried Baig, Till Bärnighausen (0000-0002-4182-4212, Heidelberg University), Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi (0000-0002-0385-7961, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Mahya Beheshti (0000-0001-5615-8542, Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Mahya Srikanth Beheshti, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula (0000-0002-0581-7808, Charles University), Nikha Bhardwaj (0000-0002-1566-0445), Pankaj Bhardwaj (0000-0001-9960-3060, All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Krittika Bhattacharyya (0000-0002-9914-7031, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics), Ali Bijani (0000-0003-2233-8726, Babol University of Medical Sciences), Mukharram M Bikbov (0000-0002-9476-8883, Ufa Eye Research Institute), Mukharram Bikbov, Michele Bottone (0009-0008-2515-4184, Imperial College London), Tasanee M Braithwaite, Alain M Bron (0000-0002-7265-931X, CHU Dijon Bourgogne), Sharath Burugina Nagaraja (0000-0002-6599-5753, Employees State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research), Sharath A Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A Butt (0000-0002-2486-4781, University of Waterloo), Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos (0000-0001-8151-3585, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne), Florentino Luciano L Caetano dos Santos, Vera L James Carneiro, Vera Lúcia Alves Carneiro (0000-0001-7830-0095, University of Minho), Robert J Casson (0000-0003-2822-4076, The University of Adelaide), Ching-Yu Jasmine Cheng (Singapore Eye Research Institute), Jee-Young Jasmine Choi (0000-0003-2077-6175, Seoul National University Hospital), Dinh-Toi Chu (0000-0002-4596-2022, Hanoi National University of Education), Maria Vittoria Cicinelli (0000-0003-2938-0409, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University), Maria Vittoria M Cicinelli, João M G Coelho (Universidade do Porto), Nathan Congdon (0000-0001-9866-3416, Queen's University Belfast), Nathan G A Congdon, Rosa A A Couto (Universidade do Porto), Elizabeth A Cromwell (0000-0002-5106-0607, University of Washington), Elizabeth A M Cromwell, Saad M A Dahlawi (0000-0001-6178-9306, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University), Saad M Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai (0000-0002-0289-7814, University of Washington), Reza Dana (Harvard University Press), Lalit Dandona (0000-0002-3114-8628, University of Washington), Rakhi Dandona (0000-0003-0926-788X, University of Washington), Rakhi A Dandona, Monte A Del Monte (University of Michigan), Meseret Derbew Molla (0000-0002-2622-522X, University of Gondar), Nikolaos Dervenis (0000-0002-7269-2785, University of Liverpool), Nikolaos Alemayehu Dervenis, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta (University of Gondar), Abebaw Alemayehu P Desta, Jenny P Deva (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman), Daniel Diaz (0000-0002-0811-4091, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico), Shirin E Djalalinia (Ministry of Health and Medical Education), Joshua R Ehrlich (0000-0002-0607-3564, University of Michigan), Rajesh Rashad Elayedath, Rajesh Elayedath (0000-0003-3808-0360, University of Medical Sciences and Technology), Hala Rashad Elhabashy (0000-0002-4865-3903, Cairo University), Hala Rashad B Elhabashy, Leon B Ellwein (National Institutes of Health), Mohammad Hassan Emamian (0000-0002-1994-1105, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences), Sharareh Eskandarieh (0000-0002-8942-9983, Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Farshad Farzadfar (0000-0001-8288-4046, Tehran University of Medical Sciences), Farshad G Farzadfar, Arthur Gustavo Fernandes (0000-0002-7525-1838, Universidade Federal de São Paulo), Florian Fischer (0000-0002-4388-1245, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten), Florian S Fischer, David S Friedman (0000-0002-2055-5797, Harvard University Press), David S M Friedman, João M Furtado (0000-0003-2490-5747, Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo), Shilpa Gaidhane (0000-0002-3012-7438, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences), Gus Gazzard (0000-0003-1982-5005), Berhe Gebremichael (0000-0002-0669-8521, Haramaya University), Ronnie George (0000-0001-7368-0252, Sankara Nethralaya), Ahmad Ghashghaee (0000-0002-3607-666X, Iran University of Medical Sciences), Syed Amir Gilani (0000-0002-2996-0764, University of Lahore), Mahaveer Golechha (0000-0002-6253-8274, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar), Samer Randall Hamidi (Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University), Billy Randall R Hammond, Billy R Hammond, Mary Elizabeth R Kusuma Hartnett, M Elizabeth Hartnett (0000-0002-7270-5670, University of Utah), Risky Kusuma Hartono (0000-0003-3703-4215), Abdiwahab Hashi (Jigjiga University), Abdiwahab I Hashi, Simon I Hay (0000-0002-0611-7272, University of Washington), Khezar Hayat (0000-0001-7984-1870, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences), Golnaz Heidari (0000-0002-8318-9704), Hung Chak Ho (0000-0002-6505-3504, Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ramesh Holla (0000-0002-2296-3719, Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Mowafa J Househ (Hamad bin Khalifa University), John J Huang (Yale University), John J Emmanuel Huang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye (0000-0002-5074-816X, University of Ibadan), Segun Emmanuel M Ibitoye, Irena Ilić (0000-0001-5347-3264, University of Belgrade), Irena M D Ilic, Milena Ilić (0000-0002-9719-175X, University of Kragujevac), Milena D D Ilic, April Ingram (0000-0003-4959-8819), April D Naghibi Ingram, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani (0000-0002-4566-7402, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam (0000-0001-7926-9368, Deakin University), Ramaiah Itumalla (0000-0002-6090-9641), Shubha Prakash Jayaram, Ravi Prakash Jha (0000-0001-5230-1436), Rim Kahloun, Rohollah Kalhor (0000-0002-6146-8761), Himal Kandel (0000-0002-6745-6411), Ayele Semachew Kasa (0000-0003-3320-8329), Taras A Kavetskyy, Gbenga A H Kayode, John H Kempen (0000-0002-2967-4792), Moncef Khairallah (0000-0003-2060-1770), Rovshan Ahmad Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad C Khan, Rohit C Khanna (0000-0002-8698-5562), Mahalaqua Nazli Ahmed Khatib, Tawfik Ahmed E Khoja, Judy E Kim (0000-0001-8695-4363), Yun Jin Kim (0000-0001-8853-6587), Gyu Ri Kim (0000-0003-3624-3971), Sezer Kisa (0000-0002-3969-9803), Adnan Kisa, Soewarta Kosen (0000-0002-2517-8118), Ai Koyanagi (0000-0002-9565-5004), Burcu Kucuk Bicer (0000-0002-5615-264X), Vaman P Kulkarni, Om P Kurmi, Iván Charles Landires, Van Charles L Lansingh, Janet L E Leasher, Kate E Legrand (0000-0003-2690-3198), Nicolas Leveziel (0000-0001-8533-9457), Hans Limburg, Xuefeng Liu (0000-0003-2705-8731), Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur, Shokofeh Maleki, Navid Manafi (0000-0002-4610-402X), Kaweh Mansouri (0000-0002-7550-6749), Colm Gebremichael McAlinden, Gebrekiros Gebremichael M Meles, Abera M Mersha, Irmina Maria R Michalek, Ted R Miller (0000-0002-0958-2639), Sanjeev Misra (0000-0002-0641-0946), Yousef Mohammad, Seyed Farzad Abdu Mohammadi, Jemal Abdu H Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad (0000-0002-4994-3339), Mohammad Ali Al Moni, Ahmed Al R Montasir, Alan R Fentaw Morse, Getahun Fentaw C Mulaw, Mehdi Naderi, Homa S Naderifar, Kovin S Naidoo, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia (0000-0001-5148-8614), Sreenivas Muhammad Narasimha Swamy, Muhammad Naveed (0000-0002-3288-8919), Hadush Lan Negash, Huong Lan Nguyen (0000-0002-5511-5919), Virginia Akpojene Nunez-Samudio, Felix Akpojene Ogbo (0000-0001-5159-2315), Kolawole T Ogundimu, Andrew T E Olagunju, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Nikita O Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Keyvan Pakshir (0000-0001-7809-4690), Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Utsav Parekh, Eun-Cheol Park, Maja Pasovic, Shrikant Pawar, Konrad Pesudovs (0000-0002-6322-9369), Tunde Quang Peto, Hai Quang Pham (0000-0003-4448-5436), Marina Pinheiro (0000-0002-6931-1355), Vivek Podder (0000-0003-3103-3043), Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Y Rahman, Pradeep Y Ramulu, Priya Rathi (0000-0002-1550-459X), Salman Laith Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf (0000-0003-1170-7039), Lal Rawal (0000-0003-1106-0108), Nickolas M Reinig, Andre M Renzaho, Aziz L Rezapour, Alan L Robin, Luca Rossetti (0000-0002-7027-3173), Siamak Sabour (0000-0002-1928-992X), Sare Safi (0000-0002-5860-6908), Amirhossein Sahebkar (0000-0002-8656-1444), Mohammad Ali M Sahraian, Abdallah M Samy (0000-0003-3978-1134), Brijesh Sathian (0000-0003-0851-4762), Ganesh Kumar Saya (0000-0002-1495-9461), Mete A Saylan, Amira A Ali Shaheen, Masood Ali T Shaikh, Tueng T Shen, Kenji Shibabaw Shibuya, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Jung-Im Shin (0000-0003-2326-1820), Juan Carlos Silva (0000-0003-4855-5008), Alexander A Silvester, Jasvinder A Singh (0000-0003-3485-0006), Deepika S Singhal, Rita S Sitorus, Eirini Yurievich Skiadaresi, Valentin Yurievich Aleksandrovna Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina (0000-0002-2098-222X), Amin Bekele Soheili, Muluken Bekele A R C Sorrie, Raúl A R C T Sousa, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy (0000-0002-5693-7631), Dwight Girma Stambolian, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Nina Ismail Tahhan, Md Ismail Tareque, Fotis Xuan Topouzis, Bach Xuan Tran (0000-0002-2191-3947), Gebiyaw K Tsegaye, Miltiadis K Tsilimbaris, Rohit Varma (0000-0002-9224-2909), Gianni Virgili (0000-0002-9960-2989), Avina Thu Vongpradith, Giang Thu Vu (0000-0002-3470-4458), Ya Xing Wang (0000-0003-2749-7793), Ningli Hailay Wang, Abrha Hailay K Weldemariam, Sheila K Gebeyehu West, Temesgen Gebeyehu Y Wondmeneh, Tien Y Wong, Mehdi Yaseri (0000-0002-4066-873X), Naohiro Yonemoto (0000-0003-3637-2095), Chuanhua Sergeevich Yu, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Zhi-Jiang R Zhang, Stephanie R Zimsen, Serge Resnikoff (0000-0002-5866-4446), Theo Vos (0000-0002-5690-5365)
Ano2021
Volume9
Fascículo2
Páginase144-e160
Data de publicação2021-02-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoThe Lancet Global Health (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 2214-109X • E-ISSN: 2572-116X
EditoraElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30489-7
PMID33275949
OpenAlexW3110220146
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas101
Referências citadas27

BACKGROUND: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older. FINDINGS: Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change -0·2% [95% UI -1·5 to 1·0]; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people [95% IU 8·51 to 10·8], 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people [86·0 to 107·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by -15·4% [-16·8 to -14·3], while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% [-0·8 to 1·6]). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% [8·9 to 12·4]) and MSVI (31·5% [30·0 to 33·1]). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases [9% IU 12·7-18·0]), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases [2·8-4·4]), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases [1·8-2·8]), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases [1·3-2·4]), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 million cases [0·59-1·23]). Leading causes of MSVI were undercorrected refractive error (86·1 million cases [74·2-101·0]) and cataract (78·8 million cases [67·2-91·4]). INTERPRETATION: Results suggest eye care services contributed to the observed reduction of age-standardised rates of avoidable blindness but not of MSVI, and that the target in an ageing global population was not reached. FUNDING: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg.

Blindness · Environmental health · Macular degeneration · Population · Psychiatry · Visual acuity · Visual impairment · Medicine · Ophthalmology · Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies · Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies · Tactile and Sensory Interactions · Optometry