Revolutionary Roots

The history of the Philippines — and the record of its revolutionary struggle — may be divided into four phases: the pre-Spanish period, the Spanish period (1521–1898), the American period (1898–1946) and the years since independence (1946 to the present). Throughout this period, too, it is important to record a parallel struggle that has continued mainly in Mindanao and which intensified from 1968 onwards, namely, the resistance of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and its Bangsa Moro Army (BMA), representing more than five million Muslims fighting not only for survival but for the recognition of their right to independence.

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