Vertical Integration

Vertical integration/disintegration are concepts that scholars use to describe the change of firm ownership structure along a given production chain. In the 1970s and 1980s in several parts of the world (e.g., central Italy and southern California) there appeared clusters of small firms which engaged in the production of highly specialized products. These clusters (or industrial districts) were in sharp contrast to the highly vertically integrated global firms (who engage in mass production) that had existed before. Within economic geography, while regulation school scholars argued that the phenomenon signals a transformation of capitalism from Fordism to post‐Fordism, scholars who adopted a more evolutionary approach argue that the move toward vertical disintegration is the result of innovation in industrial organization.

Business · Capitalism · Economic geography · Economic system · Economics · Economy · Epistemology · Fordism · Geography · Horizontal and vertical · Industrial organization · Microeconomics · Phenomenon · Political science · Production (economics) · Vertical Integration · Elite Sociology and Global Capitalism · Global trade, sustainability, and social impact · Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues

• The New Social Economy

  Andrew Sayer, Richard Walker•The New Social Economy•1991

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• The second industrial divide

  Charles F Sabel, Michael J Piore•The second industrial divide•1984

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• New Industrial Spaces (Studies in Society and Space, 3)

  Allen Scott•New Industrial Spaces (Studies in…•1988

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