Working-class Racism

The concepts of ‘race’ and ‘racism’ present notoriously thorny and controversial problems of definition. I concur with those who interpret ‘race’ as a social construct. Racial categories cannot be explained through a ‘scientific’ system of classification based on biological/genetic methods but are ideological constructs, forms of boundary definition between groups, that have evolved within specific historical and social contexts. ‘“Races” are socially imagined rather than biological realities’, notes Miles. 1 The dynamic process by which boundaries are delineated (‘racialisation’) allocates persons to particular groups by reference not only to supposed biological difference (usually phenotypical) but also cultural characteristics and other symbolic markers. ‘Race’ is chameleon-like, continually being reworked, and Stuart Hall has recommended an investigation of the ‘different ways in which racist ideologies have been constructed and made operative under different historical conditions’. 2 These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Boundary (topology) · Class (philosophy) · Construct (python library) · Epistemology · Ideology · Political science · Politics · Race (biology) · Racism · Sociology · Computer Science · Gender Studies · Law · Mathematics · Philosophy · Race, Genetics, and Society

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  Open Access•David M Wilkinson, David Wilkinson•Open Library of Humanities•2020

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  T A Van Dijk, Teun van Dijk•Elite discourse and racism•1993

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• Policy and policy-making in France and the United States

  Martin A Schain•Modern & Contemporary France•1995

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