Direct and indirect assessment of explanatory models of illness

Patients' self-reports of explanatory models (EMs) are sensitive to distortions, particularly as a result of social desirability, uncertainty towards one's own beliefs, and ethnic disparities with the interviewer. In contrast, reaction-time-based indirect measures are thought to be less sensitive to such factors. This article reports on two studies that applied direct (interview) and indirect (reaction-time-based association task) measures of EMs. Study 1 found evidence for the convergent validity of the direct and indirect measures, indicating that the two measures were essentially related. Furthermore, social desirability and uncertainty towards one's beliefs affected the association between the measures on two categories of EMs. Study 2 showed that, unlike the self-reports of EMs, indirect measures were less sensitive to the ethnicity of the interviewer. The nature of the indirect measure, and the construct that it measures, are discussed

Environmental health · Epistemology · Explanatory model · Explanatory power · Psychiatry · Clinical Psychology · Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life · Medicine · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology

• Re-thinking children׳s agency in extreme hardship

  Open Access•Catherine Campbell, Louise Andersen et al.•Health & Place•2014

  Incluir item

• Interdisciplinary case discussions as a training modality to teach cultural formulation in child mental health

  Open Access•C Rousseau, Janique Johnson-Lafleur et al.•Transcultural Psychiatry•2020

  Incluir item

• The Cultural Formulation Interview

  Open Access•Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Neil Krishan Aggarwal et al.•Transcultural Psychiatric…•2020

  Incluir item

• Faking the IAT

  Klaus Fiedler, Matthias Bluemke•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2005

  Incluir item

• Explanatory models for mental distress

  Open Access•Kamaldeep Bhui, Dinesh Bhugra•The British Journal of Psychiatry•2002

  Incluir item

• Taking a Look Underground

  Margo J Monteith, Corrine I Voils et al.•Social Cognition•2001

  Incluir item

• A Meta-Analysis on the Correlation Between the Implicit Association Test and Explicit Self-Report Measures

  Open Access•Wilhelm Hofmann, Bertram Gawronski et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  Incluir item

• What are Implicit Measures and Why are We Using Them?

  Jan De Houwer•Handbook of Implicit Cognition…•2006

  Incluir item

• Implicit Measures in Social Cognition Research

  Russell H Fazio, Michael A Olson•Annual Review of Psychology•2003

  Incluir item

• Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture

  A Kleinman•Patients and Healers in the…•1980

  Incluir item

• Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture

  Open Access•A Kleinman•Patients and Healers in the…•2023

  Incluir item

• The Go/No-Go Association Task

  Brian A Nosek, Mahzarin R Banaji•Social Cognition•2001

  Incluir item

• Patient Satisfaction

  Open Access•Alyson Callan, Roland Littlewood•International Journal of Social…•1998

  Incluir item

• Marketplace conversations in Cameroon

  Open Access•Van Der Geest, Sjaak Van Der Geest•Culture Medicine and Psychiatry•1991

  Incluir item

• When rational men fall sick

  Open Access•Alma H Young, Allan Young•Culture Medicine and Psychiatry•1981

  Incluir item

• Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept

  Anthony G Greenwald, Shelly D Farnham et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  Incluir item

• Novel attitudes can be faked on the Implicit Association Test

  Open Access•Jan De Houwer, Tom Beckers et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2006

  Incluir item

• Self-monitoring in communicative interactions

  Open Access•C Douglas Mccann, Rodney D Hancock•Journal of Experimental Social…•1983

  Incluir item

• Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test

  Anthony G Greenwald, Brian A Nosek et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  Incluir item

• Race-of-Interviewer Effects in a Preelection Poll

  Steven E Finkel, Thomas M Guterbock et al.•Public Opinion Quarterly•1991

  Incluir item

• Measuring Associative Strength

  Open Access•Russell H Fazio, Carol J Williams et al.•Political Psychology•2000

  Incluir item

• Two-component models of socially desirable responding

  Delroy L Paulhus•Journal of Personality and Social…•1984

  Incluir item

• Social influence effects on automatic racial prejudice

  Brian S Lowery, Curtis D Hardin et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  Incluir item

• Social Tuning of the Self

  Stacey Sinclair, Jeffrey Huntsinger et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2005

  Incluir item

• Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition

  Anthony G Greenwald, Debbie E Mcghee et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  Incluir item

• Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix

  Donald T Campbell, Donald W Fiske•Psychological Bulletin•1959

  Incluir item

• Perceptions of illness causation among new referrals to a community mental health team

  Open Access•Brian Williams, David Healy•Social Science & Medicine•2001

  Incluir item

• Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (Emic)

  Open Access•Mitchell G Wei, Mitchell Wei et al.•Transcultural Psychiatry•1997

  Incluir item