Lessons learned from the translation of the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness (Ismi) scale into isiXhosa for use with South African Xhosa people with schizophrenia

Dados Bibliográficos

ID2395543
AutoresOlivia P Matshabane (0000-0002-5977-8904, National Institutes of Health, autor correspondente), Paul S Appelbaum (New York State Psychiatric Institute), Peter Appelbaum (0000-0002-1940-0042, New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute), Marlyn C Faure (0000-0003-4135-8925, University of Cape Town), Patricia A Marshall (Case Western Reserve University), Dan J Stein (0000-0001-7218-7810, South African Medical Research Council), Jantina De Vries (0000-0001-7192-2633, University of Cape Town), Megan M Campbell (0000-0001-9576-8562, University of Cape Town)
Ano2025
Volume62
Fascículo1
Páginas33-44
Data de publicação2025-02-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoTranscultural Psychiatric Research Review (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0041-1108 • E-ISSN: 0315-4386
EditoraSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/13634615231168461
PMID37331970
OpenAlexW4381158031
IdiomaEN
Referências citadas39

Internalised stigma is highly prevalent among people with mental illness. This is concerning because internalised stigma is often associated with negative consequences affecting individuals' personal, familial, social, and overall wellbeing, employment opportunities and recovery. Currently, there is no psychometrically validated instrument to measure internalised stigma among Xhosa people in their home language. Our study aimed to translate the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale into isiXhosa. Following WHO guidelines, the ISMI scale was translated using a five-stage translation design which included (i) forward-translation, (ii) back-translation, (iii) committee approach, (iv) quantitative piloting, and (v) qualitative piloting using cognitive interviews. The ISMI isiXhosa version (ISMI-X) underwent psychometric testing to establish utility, within-scale validity, convergent, divergent, and content validity (assessed using frequency of endorsements and cognitive interviewing) with n = 65 Xhosa people with schizophrenia. The resultant ISMI-X scale demonstrated good psychometric utility, internal consistency for the overall scale (α = .90) and most subscales (α > .70, except the Stigma Resistance subscale where α = .57), convergent validity between the ISMI Discrimination Experiences subscale and the Discrimination and Stigma (DISC) scale's Treated Unfairly subscale (isiXhosa version) ( r = .34, p = .03) and divergent validity between the ISMI Stigma Resistance and DISC Treated Unfairly subscales ( r = .13, p = .49). But more importantly the study provides valuable insights into strengths and limitations of the present translation design. Specifically, validation methods such as assessing frequency of endorsements of scale items and using cognitive interviewing to establish conceptual clarity and relevance of items may be useful in small piloting sample sizes

Convergent validity · Internal consistency · Interview · Mental health · Mental illness · Psychiatry · Psychometrics · Scale (ratio · Sociology · Stigma (botany · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Clinical Psychology · Family Caregiving in Mental Illness · Mental Health Treatment and Access · Psychology